Mental health, quality of life and optimism during the covid-19 pandemic: a comparison between Brazil and Portugal.

PURPOSE: Although there have been numerous studies investigating the mental health of individuals during the pandemic, a comparison between countries is still scarce in the literature. To explore this gap, the present study aimed to compare the mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression), quality of life (QoL), and optimism/pessimism among individuals from Brazil and Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and Portugal. Data collection was carried out between May and June 2020, using an online form which was sent through social networks. A total of 2069 participants (1156 from Brazil and 913 from Portugal) were included. Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), Anxiety (GAD-7), optimism/pessimism (Revised Life Orientation Test - LOT), QoL (WHOQOL-Bref), and sociodemographic, health, and social distancing variables were assessed. Data was analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS: There were remarkable differences between Brazil and Portugal in all outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and optimism for the Brazilian individuals and higher levels of QoL and pessimism for the Portuguese individuals. The following factors were associated with the mental health and QoL in both Brazilian and Portuguese populations: gender, age, being a healthcare professional, and days in social distancing. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that Brazilians were more optimistic during the COVID-19 pandemic, they had lower levels of mental health and QoL as compared to the Portuguese individuals.

Moving Beyond Nursing Standardized Language for Substance Use Problems.

Nursing knowledge has been accompanied by the evolution of nursing standardized language systems (SLS) that can help nurses to systematize nursing care. We analyzed referential integrity (diagnosis, results, interventions) of substance related problems in Nursing SLS through documentary analysis: ICNP®, NANDA-I, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC), NANDA NIC NOC (NNN). ICNP® has a definition of "substance abuse" but there are no clinical indicators or related factors to help formulate a diagnosis. NANDA-I does not define any related diagnosis, although it appears as related to or as a risk factor in 36 diagnoses. In NIC and NOC there are interventions and outcomes related. The phenomenon is omitted in NANDA-I and treated in a stigmatized manner by ICNP. Clear clinical indicators may be needed to help nursing diagnosis and to lead clinical reasoning.

The Effect of Coping on the Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Stress, Anxiety, and Depression.

The challenges experienced in the context of the pandemic have required a significant reconciliation between work and family domains due to confinement and the need to spend more time at home, which may have increased the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, making it necessary to use resilient coping strategies to overcome the difficulties felt. This study examined the effect of resilient coping on the relationship between work-family conflict and stress, anxiety, and depression in this context. Data were collected using a self-report protocol from a sample of Portuguese workers (N = 476). The results indicated that work-family conflict was positively associated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Resilient coping established a negative relationship with stress, anxiety, and depression. The moderation effect was not corroborated; it was found that in the presence of the moderating variable (resilient coping), the relationship between the variables of work-family conflict and stress, anxiety, and depression was strengthened. This study reinforces the importance of appropriate interventions in resilient coping in the work-family context, which helps control stress, anxiety, and resilience levels.

The Family's Contribution to Patient Safety.

BACKGROUND: Person- and family-centered care is one of the recommendations to achieve quality of care and patient safety. However, many health professionals associate the family with insecurity in care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, based on nurses' statements, the advantages and disadvantages of the family's presence in hospitals for the safety of hospitalized patients. METHODS: This was a qualitative interpretative study based on James Reason's risk model, conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses selected by convenience. A content analysis was performed using Bardin's methodology and MAXQDA Plus 2022 software. RESULTS: We identified 17 categories grouped according to the representation of the family in patient safety: The family as a Potentiator of Security Failures (7) and Family as a Safety Barrier (10). CONCLUSIONS: The higher number of categories identified under Family as a Safety Barrier shows that nurses see strong potential in the family's involvement in patient safety. By identifying the need to intervene with and for families so that their involvement is safe, we observed an increase in the complexity of nursing care, which suggests the need to improve nursing ratios, according to the participants.

Anxiety and Depression in the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Portuguese Sample: Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: In previous studies, it was found that the confinement to which the population was subjected during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in Portugal residents during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a descriptive, transversal, and exploratory study of non-probabilistic sampling. Data collection was carried out between 6th and 31st of May 2020. Sociodemographic and health questionnaires PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were used. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 920 individuals. The prevalence for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) was 68.2% and (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was 34.8%, and for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 5) was 60.4% and (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 20%. Depressive symptoms were moderately severe for 8.9% of the individuals, and 4.8% presented severe depression. Regarding the generalized anxiety disorder, we found that 11.6% of individuals present moderate symptoms, and 8.4% severe anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were substantially higher than those previously found for the Portuguese population and when compared with other countries during the pandemic. Younger individuals, female, with chronic illness and medicated, were more vulnerable to depressive and anxious symptoms. In contrast, participants who maintained frequent levels of physical activity during confinement had their mental health protected.

Therapeutic Adherence of People with Mental Disorders: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis.

Patient therapeutic adherence lies at the core of mental health care. Health Care professionals and organizations play a major role in promoting adherence among people with mental disorders. However, defining therapeutic adherence remains complex. We used Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis to explore the concept of therapeutic adherence in the context of mental health. We conducted a systematic literature search on Medline/PubMed and CINAHL for works published between January 2012 and December 2022. The concept analysis showed that major attributes of therapeutic adherence include patient, microsystem and meso/exosystem-level factors. Antecedents are those related to patients, such as their background, beliefs and attitudes, and acceptance of mental illness-and those related to patient-HCP therapeutic engagement. Lastly, three different consequences of the concept emerged: an improvement in clinical and social outcomes, commitment to treatment, and the quality of healthcare delivery. We discuss an operational definition that emerged from the concept analysis approach. However, considering the concept has undergone evolutionary changes, further research related to patient adherence experiences in an ecological stance is needed.

The relation between lifestyles and positive mental health in Portuguese higher education students.

Healthy lifestyles are commonly associated with improved physical and mental health. Sleep patterns, nutrition, physical exercise, consumption of psychoactive substances, among others, can strongly influence positive mental health. The aims are: characterize lifestyles based on positive mental health clusters, considering the cross-sectional cohort sample of higher education students, and analyse the lifestyles associated with positive mental health. A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and multicentric study of quantitative approach was conducted. The Positive Mental Health Questionnaire was applied. Through the k-means method, four clusters were obtained based on positive mental health levels. The sample of 3647 higher education students was mostly female (78.8%), single (89.5%), with an average age of 23 years (SD = 6.68). Differences were found between clusters based on the sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles. Findings in Cluster 1 were highlighted because they included students with a higher level of positive mental health, which was associated with greater satisfaction in affective relationships, higher recreational and sports activities, better sleep quality, a healthy diet, and lower medication and illicit drugs consumption. These key findings emphasize the promotion of healthy lifestyles and highlight the importance of positive mental health in promoting the health of higher education students.

"Looking beyond Mental Health Stigma": An Online Focus Group Study among Senior Undergraduate Nursing Students.

Evidence highlights the need for professionals to be aware of their stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory practices in order to minimize the negative impact on the people they take care of. However, nursing students' perceptions of these issues have been poorly studied. This study explores the perspective of senior undergraduate nursing students on mental health and the stigma around it, by considering a simulated case vignette of a person with a mental health problem. A descriptive qualitative approach was chosen and involved three online focus group discussions. The findings show various manifestations of stigma, both at an individual and collective level, which indicates that it is an obstacle to the wellbeing of people with mental illness. Individual manifestations of stigma concern its effect on the person with mental illness, while at the collective level they concern the family or society in general. Stigma is a multifactorial, multidimensional, and complex concept, in terms of identifying and fighting it. Thus, the strategies identified involve multiple approaches at the individual level, aimed at the patient and family, namely through education/training, communication, and relationship strategies. At the collective level, to intervene with the general population and specific groups, such as groups of young people, strategies suggested include education/training, use of the media, and contact with people with mental disorders as ways to fight stigma.

Positive Mental Health Literacy: A Concept Analysis.

Background: The positive component of Mental Health Literacy (PMeHL) refers to a person's awareness of how to achieve and maintain good mental health. Although explored recently, the term still lacks a clear definition among healthcare practitioners. Aim: To identify the attributes and characteristics of PMeHL, as well as its theoretical and practical applications. Methods: Literature search (using the Medline and CINAHL databases) and review, covering the last 21 years, followed by concept analysis according to the steps described by Walker and Avant approach. Results: Positive component of Mental Health Literacy is considered one component of MHL, integrating positive mental health. The concept's attributes include: (a) competence in problem-solving and self-actualization; (b) personal satisfaction; (c) autonomy; (d) relatedness and interpersonal relationship skills; (e) self-control; and (f) prosocial attitude. Four case scenarios (model, borderline, related and contrary cases) were used to clarify the antecedents (individual factors and social/contextual factors) and consequences (individual sphere; relational/social sphere; contextual/organizational sphere) of PMeHL. Conclusion: Positive component of Mental Health Literacy is considered a component of MHL, which deserves attention throughout the lifespan, in different contexts and intervention levels. Considering PMeHL as a multi-faceted and dynamic construct will help understand the mechanisms that improve mental health and promote healthy behaviors. Priority should be given to robust primary research focused on nursing interventions that enhance and sustain PMeHL in people and families.

The Implications of Family Members' Absence from Hospital Visits during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Nurses' Perceptions.

BACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, several measures were taken to prevent the transmission of infection in the hospital environment, including the restriction of visits. Little is known about the consequences of these directives, but it is expected that they will have various implications. Thus, this study aimed to understand the consequences of measures to restrict visits to hospitalized individuals. METHODS: A qualitative interpretive study was conducted through semistructured interviews with 10 nurses chosen by convenience. Content analysis was performed using Atlas.ti software, version 22 (Berlin, Germany). RESULTS: Twenty-two categories and eight subcategories were identified and grouped according to their scope: implications for the patient, implications for the family, and implications for care practice. CONCLUSIONS: The identified categories of implications of restricting hospital visits (implications for patients, relatives, and care practices) are incomparably more negative than positive and have a strong potential to cause safety events in the short to long term, also jeopardizing the quality of care. There is the risk of stagnation and even setback due to this removal of families from the hospital environment, not only in terms of safety and quality of care but also with regard to person- and family-centered care.

Safety and Family-Centered Care during Restriction of Hospital Visits due to COVID-19: The Experience of Family Members.

BACKGROUND: Person and Family Centered Care (PFCC) has demonstrated important contributions to health care outcomes. However, in response to the need for safety due to the pandemic COVID-19, measures were taken to restrict hospital visits. So, the aim of this study was to understand the healthcare experience of family members of patients hospitalized during the pandemic period regarding safety and person- and family-centered care. METHODS: Qualitative interpretative study, conducted through semi-structured interviews with six family members of people hospitalized during the pandemic period. Content analysis was performed using Atlas.ti software version 22 (Berlin, Germany) and Bardin's methodology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Restrictions on hospital visits due to the pandemic of COVID-19 have led to a distancing of families from the hospital setting and influenced healthcare practice, making it difficult to involve families in the care process. In some cases, healthcare professionals made efforts to provide PFCC, attempting to minimize the impact of the visitation restriction. However, there were reported experiences of care delivery that did not consider social and psychological factors and did not place the person and family at the center of the care process, relying instead on the biomedical model. These practices left out important factors for the provision of safe care. It is crucial, even in pandemic settings, that healthcare professionals provide person- and family-centered care to the extent possible, promoting the safety of care. The family should be involved in the care of the person in the inpatient setting.

Mental Health and Psychological Impact during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Survey of Portuguese Higher Education Students.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological impact on vulnerable groups, particularly students. The present study aims to investigate the mental and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors in a sample of Portuguese higher education students. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 1522 higher education students selected by convenience sampling. The survey assessed mental health symptoms as well as sociodemographic variables, health-related perceptions, and psychological factors. Results were fitted to binary and multivariable logistic regression models. The overall prevalences of stress, anxiety, and depression were 35.7%, 36.2%, and 28.5%, respectively. Poor mental health outcomes were related with being female, having no children, living with someone with chronic disease, facing hopelessness, and lacking resilient coping. Future studies focusing on better ways to promote mental health and wellbeing among students are warranted. It is necessary to gather more evidence on the post-pandemic mental health using robust study designs and standardized assessment tools.

The Effects of Training About Prevention of Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Symptoms on Nursing Students Affectivity.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pedagogical training program for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms in affectivity of nursing students. METHOD: A quantitative, longitudinal, and quasi-experimental study, which included a pre-test, intervention, and a later test was conducted in a convenience sample of 21 students from the 4th year nursing degree at a private university in the region of Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. A total of 11 students were included in the experimental group and 10 were included in the control group. A multidisciplinary team conducted the musculoskeletal symptoms prevention program to the experimental group. Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Scale before and after attending each of the 6 program sessions that took place between February and April 2019. Each session lasted for about 120 minutes. RESULTS: Before implementing the program, the groups did not reveal any statistically significant differences in positive and negative affectivities. However, after the program, there were statistically significant differences observed in positive affectivity, showing gains in the experimental group, and a decrease in negative affectivity was observed in the experimental group. A significant increase in positive affectivity was observed in psychotherapeutic techniques. CONCLUSION: Is essential the nursing schools provide learning experiences with an impact on students' affectivity to allow a better and more effective integration of knowledge and skills in their training path.

Humor intervention in the nurse-patient interaction.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. METHOD: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. RESULTS: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. CONCLUSION: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.

Perceção dos estudantes de enfermagem sobre a formação pedagógica na prevenção da sintomatologia musculosquelética: estudo qualitativo / Percepción de estudiantes de enfermería sobre la formación pedagógica en la prevención de la Sintomatología Musculoesquelética: estudio cualitativo / Perception of nursing students on pedagogical training in the prevention of musculoskeletal symptomatology: qualitative study

The training of students in higher education and specifically in the nursing degree hasbeen the object of study by the professors. It is part of nursing practice to respect the student's decision-making process and provide the right to information, promoting the acquisition of skills thatallow them to make responsible choices for their future. The objective of this investigation was toknow the perspective of nursing students, regarding their involvement in pedagogical training onmusculoskeletal symptoms. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out usingthe focus group method with six nursing students. Qualitative analysis was performed accordingto Bardin and the mental map was performed using FreeMind® software. Students revealed satisfaction with the real interest in their learning with reflection on the acquisition of skills in termsof knowledge about musculoskeletal symptoms and the need for critical thinking in the nursingprofession.(AU)

La formación de los estudiantes en la educación superior y específicamente en la licen-ciatura en enfermería ha sido objeto de estudio por parte de los profesores. Es parte de la prácticade enfermería respetar el proceso de toma de decisiones del estudiante y brindarle el derecho a lainformación, promoviendo la adquisición de competencias que le permitan tomar decisiones responsables para su futuro. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la perspectiva de los estudiantes de enfermería, en cuanto a su participación en la formación pedagógica sobre los síntomasmusculoesqueléticos. Sé realizó un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo mediante el método de grupos focales con seis estudiantes de enfermería. El análisis cualitativo se realizó segúnBardin y el mapa mental se realizó con el software FreeMind®.Los estudiantes revelaron satisfacción con el interés real en su aprendizaje con la reflexión sobre la adquisición de habilidades encuanto al conocimiento sobre los síntomas musculoesqueléticos y la necesidad del pensamiento crítico en la profesión de enfermería(AU)

A formação dos estudantes no ensino superior e especificamente no curso licenciatura emenfermagem tem sido objeto de estudo por parte dos professores. Faz parte da prática de enfermagem, respeitar o processo de decisões do estudante e facultar o direito à informação, promovendo aaquisição de competências que permitem realizar escolhas responsáveis para a sua tomada de decisão futura. O objetivo desta investigação foi o conhecer a perspetiva dos estudantes de enfermagem,relativamente ao seu envolvimento na formação pedagógica sobre sintomatologia músculoesquelética. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, através do método de gruposfocais com 6 estudantes de enfermagem. A analise qualitativa foi realizada segundo Bardin e o mapamental através do software FreeMind®. Os estudantes revelaram uma satisfação com o interessereal na sua aprendizagem com reflexão na aquisição de competências ao nível de conhecimentosobre a sintomatologia musculosquelética e a necessidade de um pensamento crítico na profissãode enfermagem.(AU)

Consumo de álcool no feminino: Fatores influenciadores da trajetória de vida / Female alcohol consumption: Factors influencing life trajectory / Consumo de alcohol feminino: Factores que influyen en la trayectoria de la vida

Resumo Introdução: A vulnerabilidade física feminina ao consumo de álcool, o julgamento social e a existência de um maior número de mulheres com sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, são fatores apontados pela literatura como diferenciadores em relação ao género no consumo e consequências do mesmo. A compreensão da trajetória de consumo de álcool no género feminino é indispensável para a identificação dos fatores influenciadores e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas tendo em consideração a variável género. Objetivo Conhecer os fatores influenciadores do consumo de álcool com risco para a saúde nas trajetórias de vida das mulheres. Método: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, transversal, com recurso a entrevista semi-estruturada a participantes do género feminino com consumos de risco para a saúde de bebidas alcoólicas. O tratamento dos dados foi efetuado com recurso à técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: A idade, a relação parental e a integração do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas nas atividades de socialização e lazer mostraram-se fatores importantes na evolução dos consumos. A capacidade para controlar o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas é um elemento diferenciador das trajetórias de consumos de risco e de dependência. Os constrangimentos legais associados ao consumo de álcool constituem um problema acrescido nas trajetórias das consumidoras de risco. Conclusões: A aprendizagem do consumo de álcool sem que este se traduza em danos para a saúde é fundamental. Destaca-se a importância da informação/ educação para a saúde sobre o consumo desta substância e suas consequências nos diferentes padrões de consumo.

Abstract Introduction: The female physical vulnerability to alcohol consumption, social judgment and the existence of a greater number of women with depressive and anxious symptoms are factors pointed out in the literature as gender differentiators in drinking and its consequences. Understanding the trajectory of alcohol consumption in females is indispensable in identifying influenciators factors and developing preventive strategies taking into account the gender variable. Aim: the aim of this study is to know the factors that influence the consumption of alcohol with health risk in the life trajectories of women Methods: A qualitative, cross-sectional study was carried out, using semi-structured interviews with female participants who drink alcoholic beverages with health risky. Data processing was performed using the thematic content analysis technique. Results Age, parental relationship and the integration of alcohol consumption into socialization and leisure activities proved to be important factors in the evolution of consumption. The ability to control the consumption of alcoholic beverages is a differentiating element in the trajectories of risky and addictive consumption. The legal constraints associated with alcohol consumption are an added problem in the trajectories of risky consumers. Conclusions Learning how to consume alcohol without damaging health is critical. The importance of health information / education on the consumption of this substance and its consequences on different consumption patterns is highlighted.

Resumen Introducción: La vulnerabilidad física femenina al consumo de alcohol, el juicio social y la existencia de un mayor número de mujeres con síntomas depresivos y ansiosos son factores identificados en la literatura como diferenciadores en relación con el género en el consumo y sus consecuencias. Comprender la trayectoria del consumo de alcohol entre las mujeres es esencial para la identificación de factores influyentes y para el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas que tengan en cuenta la variable de género. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comprender los factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol con un riesgo para la salud en las trayectorias de vida de las mujeres. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de corte transversal, utilizando una entrevista semiestructurada con mujeres participantes con consumo de riesgo para la salud de las bebidas alcohólicas. El procesamiento de datos se realizó utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: La edad, la relación con los padres y la integración del consumo de alcohol en las actividades de socialización y ocio demostraron ser factores importantes en la evolución del consumo. La capacidad de controlar el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas es un elemento diferenciador en las trayectorias del consumo riesgoso y adictivo. Las restricciones legales asociadas con el consumo de alcohol son un problema adicional en las trayectorias de los consumidores riesgosos. Conclusiones: Aprender a consumir alcohol sin dañar la salud es fundamental. Se destaca la importancia de la información / educación en salud sobre el consumo de esta sustancia y sus consecuencias en los diferentes patrones de consumo.

Consumo de álcool e vulnerabilidade em saúde das pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo / Alcohol consumption and health vulnerability of homeless people / El consumo de alcohol y la vulnerabilidad a la salud de las personas sin hogar

Resumo Contexto: Em Portugal, 45% das Pessoas em Situação de Sem-Abrigo (PSSA) estão a viver na rua, na área metropolitana de Lisboa. Esta população apresenta vulnerabilidades de ordem económica, social e física. No que se refere ao seu estado de saúde, salienta-se o consumo de substâncias, problemas músculo-esqueléticos, respiratórios, cardiovasculares e psiquiátricos. As consequências da Perturbação de Uso de Álcool (PUA) refletem-se a nível socioeconómico e da saúde, pelo que se torna relevante conhecer essa problemática nas PSSA. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, a perceção de saúde e o consumo de álcool entre a população em situação de sem-abrigo na área metropolitana de Lisboa. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário com a caracterização sociodemográfica e de saúde construído pelos autores e o CAGE. A recolha de dados foi realizada na cidade de Lisboa em março de 2018. A análise de dados foi realizada com o SPSS 25. Resultados: A amostra é constituída por 199 participantes de ambos os sexos. 49,2% apresenta PUA, 56,8% fuma diariamente tabaco e o consumo de drogas foi referido ao longo da vida por 52,8% dos participantes. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre o consumo de tabaco, de bebidas alcoólicas e de drogas ilícitas. Conclusões: A intervenção com PSSA, deve basear-se numa visão holística da pessoa e do meio em que se insere, na Redução de Riscos e Minimização de Danos e/ou interrupção dos consumos de álcool. As necessidades em cuidados de saúde mostram a importância da inclusão do enfermeiro nas equipas multidisciplinares que apoiam esta população.

Abstract Background: In Portugal, 45% of Homeless People (PSSA) are living on the street in the Lisbon metropolitan area. This population has economic, social and physical vulnerabilities. Regarding their health status, substance use, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular and psychiatric problems are highlighted. The consequences of Alcohol Use Disorder (PUA) are reflected at the socioeconomic and health level, so it is relevant to know this problem in PSSA. Aim: To characterize the sociodemographic profile, health perception and alcohol consumption among the homeless population in the Lisbon metropolitan area. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire with health characterization built by the authors and the CAGE. Data collection was performed in the city of Lisbon during March 2018. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 25. Results: The sample consisted of 199 participants of both sexes. 49.2% had PUA, 56.8% smoked tobacco on a daily basis, and drug use was reported throughout life by 52.8% of participants. Statistically significant correlations were found between tobacco use, alcohol and illicit drugs consumption. Conclusions: Intervention with PSSA should be based on a holistic view of the person and the environment, risk reduction and harm minimization, and / or interruption of alcohol consumption. Health care needs highlights the importance of including nurses in multidisciplinary teams to support this population.

Resumen Contexto: en Portugal, el 45% de las personas sin hogar (PSSA) viven en la calle en el área metropolitana de Lisboa. Esta población tiene vulnerabilidades económicas, sociales y físicas. En cuanto a su estado de salud, se destacan el uso de sustancias, problemas musculoesqueléticos, respiratorios, cardiovasculares y psiquiátricos. Las consecuencias del trastorno por consumo de alcohol (PUA) se reflejan a nivel socioeconómico y de salud, por lo que es relevante conocer este problema en PSSA. Objetivo(s): caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico, la percepción de salud y el consumo de alcohol entre la población sin hogar en el área metropolitana de Lisboa. Metodología: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario con caracterización sociodemográfica y de salud construido por los autores y CAGE. La recolección de datos se realizó en la ciudad de Lisboa. El análisis de los datos se realizó con SPSS 25. Resultados: La muestra consistió en 199 participantes de ambos sexos. El 49.2% tenía PUA, el 56.8% fumaba tabaco diariamente y el 52.8% de los participantes informó el uso de drogas durante toda la vida. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el consumo de tabaco, el alcohol y las drogas ilícitas. Conclusiones: La intervención con PSSA debe basarse en una visión holística de la persona y el medio ambiente, la reducción de riesgos y la minimización de daños, y / o la interrupción del consumo de alcohol. Las necesidades de atención médica muestran la importancia de incluir enfermeras en equipos multidisciplinarios que apoyan a esta población.

Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e binge drinking nos jovens em formação / Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y binge drinking en jóvenes estudiantes / Consumption of alcohol and binge drinking among school-age young invididuals

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo, tem o objetivo de conhecer o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e em particular a prática de binge drinking (BD) em jovens que frequentam a escolaridade obrigatória, no distrito de Lisboa, Portugal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e correlacional de natureza quantitativa. Amostra constituída por 174 indivíduos de ambos os sexos que frequentam a escolaridade obrigatória em escolas do distrito de Lisboa, Portugal. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de avaliação: questionário sociodemográfico e Alcohol Use Disordens Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Análise dos dados pelo SPSS 25. Resultados: Amostra com uma média de idades 15 anos, em que 75,9% da amostra já consumiu bebidas alcoólicas e 23% da amostra já praticou BD, destacando-se uma maior percentagem no sexo feminino. Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a prática de BD, o consumo de risco identificado pelo AUDIT-C e o tipo de ensino frequentado. Participantes de ambos os sexos apresentavam percentagens idênticas de consumo de risco de bebidas alcoólicas. Há correlação positiva entre a idade de experimentação, o consumo de risco e a prática de BD. Conclusão: O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas nos jovens em formação, em idades muito precoces, assim como a de BD, mostram a pertinência de iniciar ações de prevenção do consumo de álcool ainda no ensino básico e a necessidade de aumentar a literacia dos jovens sobre o consumo de álcool, em especial no BD.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tiene el objetivo de conocer el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, en particular la práctica de binge drinking (BD) en jóvenes que asisten a la escuela obligatoria en el distrito de Lisboa, Portugal. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de naturaleza cuantitativa. Muestra constituida por 174 individuos de ambos sexos que asisten a la escuela obligatoria en instituciones del distrito de Lisboa, Portugal. Los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados fueron: cuestionario sociodemográfico y Alcohol Use Disordens Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Análisis de datos mediante SPSS 25. Resultados: Muestra con un promedio de edad de 15 años, de los que el 75,9% ya consumió bebidas alcohólicas y el 23% ya practicó BD, con un mayor porcentaje entre el sexo femenino. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la práctica de BD, el consumo de riesgo identificado por el AUDIT-C y el nivel de enseñanza en el que se encuentran. Participantes de ambos sexos presentaron porcentajes idénticos de consumo de riesgo de bebidas alcohólicas. Hay una correlación positiva entre la edad que probaron por primera vez, el consumo de riesgo y la práctica de BD. Conclusión: El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de jóvenes estudiantes, a una edad muy precoz, así como la práctica de BD, demuestran la relevancia de iniciar acciones de prevención sobre el consumo de alcohol en la escuela primaria y la necesidad de aumentar la instrucción de los jóvenes sobre el consumo de alcohol, en especial el BD.

Abstract Objective: This objective of this study is to understand the consumption of alcohol, in particular the practice of binge drinking (BD), among young people attending compulsory education in the district of Lisbon, Portugal. Method: This was a descriptive correlational study of quantitative nature. The sample consisted of 174 male and female participants attending compulsory education in the district of Lisbon, Portugal. The following assessment instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: The sample included participants with a mean age of 15 years old, 75.9% of which had already consumed alcohol, and 23% had already practiced BD; a higher percentage of BD was seen among female participants. Statistically significant differences correlating practice of BD, hazardous drinking as per the AUDIT-C, and type of education attended were seen. Participants of either sex showed the same percentage of hazardous drinking. A positive correlation between age of onset, hazardous drinking, and BD was seen. Conclusion: Early-onset alcohol consumption and BD among school-age young people evidences a pressing need for alcohol consumption prevention actions in Basic Education and increased alcohol consumption literacy among young people, in particular regarding BD.

Sentido de humor, bem-estar subjetivo e competências de coping desportivo em atletas / Humor, subjective well-being and sports coping skills in athletes / Humor, bienestar subjetivo y habilidades de afrontamiento deportivo en atletas

Resumo Introdução: O sentido de humor tem sido estudado como uma estratégia para lidar com adversidade, sendo considerado um importante mecanismo de coping, utilizado em situações de stress. Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre sentido de humor, o bem-estar subjetivo e as competências de coping desportivo num grupo de atletas. Métodos: Estudo transversal e correlacional, realizado numa amostra não probabilística de 47 atletas de triatlo e mountain Bike. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (versão portuguesa), Escala de Felicidade Subjectiva de Lyubomirsky e Lepper e Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e o nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. Resultados: Produção e Uso Social do Humor e Apreciação do Humor estão positivamente correlacionadas com a Felicidade Subjetiva. O Humor Adaptativo e a Produção e Uso Social do Humor estão positivamente correlacionados com a dimensão Afetividade Positiva e com a dimensão Rendimento sob Pressão da Escala de Competências de Coping Desportivo. Conclusões: O papel do sentido de humor e suas dimensões no bem-estar subjetivo dos atletas e nas suas competências psicológicas, deve ser considerado na conceção de programas de promoção de estratégias de coping e de saúde mental em atletas.

Abstract Background: Sense of humor has been studied as a strategy to deal with adversity and is considered an important coping mechanism used in stressful situations. Aim: To verify the relationship between humor, subjective well-being and sports coping skills in a group of athletes. Methods: Cross-sectional and correlational study. Performed on a non-probabilistic sample of 47 triathlon and mountain bike athletes. The instruments used were: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (portuguese version), Lyubomirsky and Lepper's subjective happiness scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used, and the significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results: Production and Social Use of Humor and Humor Appreciation are positively correlated with subjective happiness. Adaptive Humor and Production and Social Use of Humor are positively correlated with the positive affect dimension and the performance under pressure dimension of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory. Conclusions: The role of humor and its dimensions in the subjective well-being of athletes and their psychological skills should be considered in the design of programs to promote coping strategies and mental health in athletes.

Resumen Contexto: El sentido del humor se ha estudiado como una estrategia para enfrentar la adversidad y se considera un mecanismo de afrontamiento importante utilizado en situaciones estresantes. Objetivo(s): Verificar la relación entre el humor, el bienestar subjetivo y las habilidades de afrontamiento deportivo en un grupo de atletas. Metodología: Estudio transversal y correlacional. Realizado en una muestra no probabilística de 47 atletas de triatlón y bicicleta de montaña. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (versión portuguesa), Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva de Lyubomirsky y Lepper y Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue p<0.05. Resultados: La producción y el uso social del humor y la apreciación del humor están positivamente correlacionados con la Felicidad Subjetiva. El Humor Adaptativo y la Producción y el Uso Social del Humor se correlacionan positivamente con la dimensión de Afecto Positivo y la dimensión de Rendimiento sobre Presión de la Escala de Habilidades de Afrontamiento Deportivo. Conclusiones: El papel del humor y sus dimensiones en el bienestar subjetivo de los atletas y sus competencias psicológicas deben considerarse en el diseño de programas para promover estrategias de afrontamiento y salud mental en los atletas.

Dissulfiram na manutenção da abstinência do álcool: Avaliação do conhecimento num grupo de pessoas em internamento / Disulfiram in alcohol abstinence maintenance: Evaluation of knowledge in an inpatient group / Disulfiram en el mantenimiento de la abstinencia de alcohol: Evaluación del conocimiento en un grupo de pacientes hospitalizados

Resumo Contexto: O uso do dissulfiram no tratamento da Perturbação de Uso de Álcool (PUA) é uma estratégia importante na manutenção da abstinência. As sessões de psicoeducação, realizadas pelos enfermeiros, têm a finalidade de preparar o utente/família para a toma segura do dissulfiram, monitorizando os seus efeitos. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de pessoas com PUA internadas sobre os cuidados a ter com a alimentação e produtos de higiene durante a toma de dissulfiram identificando as necessidades de intervenções de enfermagem psicoeducativas. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo. Na colheita de dados utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e um instrumento desenvolvido pelos autores com questões de avaliação do conhecimento acerca dos cuidados a ter durante a toma de dissulfiram indicando os aspetos sobre os quais devem incidir as sessões de psicoeducação. Resultados: Amostra constituída por 31 participantes com uma média de idades de 49 anos (DP=8,87). Destaca-se o conhecimento não demonstrado, sobre o consumo de pickles, maionese e mostarda (48,4%), de doces confecionados com álcool (38,8%), a utilização de xaropes e elixires com álcool (41,9%) e de aftershave, perfumes ou tónicos com álcool (35,5%). 12,9% dos participantes não reconhece os sintomas, toracalgia, tonturas, taquicardia e cefaleias, como reações adversas aquando da junção de álcool com dissulfiram. Conclusões: Uma percentagem significativa da amostra não sabe quais os cuidados a ter com a alimentação e com a seleção dos produtos de higiene pelo que é necessário realizar intervenções psicoeducativas, tendo os enfermeiros especialistas em saúde mental um papel fundamental.

Abstract Background: The use of disulfiram in the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is an important strategy to the maintenance of abstinence. The psychoeducation sessions conducted by nurses are intended to prepare the patient / family for the safe use of disulfiram and to monitor its effects. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge of hospitalized people with AUD about the care to be taken with food and hygiene products during the taking of disulfiram and to identify the need for psychoeducational nursing interventions. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive. Data were collected using a form with sociodemographic data and an instrument developed by the authors with questions about knowledge about the care to be taken during the taking of disulfiram and identify the aspects on which psychoeducation sessions should focus. Results: Sample consisting of 31 participants with an average age of 49 years (SD = 8.87). It stands out the knowledge not demonstrated, about the consumption of pickles, mayonnaise and mustard (48.4%), of sweets made with alcohol (38.8%), the use of syrups and elixirs with alcohol (41.9%) and aftershave, perfum or tonics with alcohol (35.5%). 12.9% of the participants do not recognize the symptoms, chest pain, dizziness, tachycardia and headache, as adverse reactions when the addition of alcohol with disulfiram. Conclusions: A significant percentage of the sample does not know what precautions to take with food and of hygiene products selection, so it is necessary to carry out psychoeducational interventions, having the nurse specialists in mental health a fundamental role.

Resumen Contexto: El uso de disulfiram en el tratamiento del Trastorno por Uso de Alcohol (TUA) es una estrategia importante para el mantenimiento de la abstinencia. Las sesiones psicoeducativas realizadas por enfermeras están destinadas a preparar al paciente / familia para el uso seguro de disulfiram y controlar sus efectos. Objetivo(s): Evaluar el conocimiento de personas hospitalizadas con TUA sobre el cuidado que se debe tener con los cuidados alimentarios, productos higiénicos durante la toma de disulfiram, identificando la necesidad de intervenciones psicoeducativas de enfermería. Métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un formulario sociodemográfico, y un instrumento desarrollado por los autores con preguntas de evaluación del conocimiento sobre el cuidado a tener durante la toma de disulfiram, indicando aspectos en los que deben centrarse las sesiones de psicoeducación. Resultados: Muestra compuesta por 31 participantes con edad promedio de 49 años (DE = 8,87). Destaca conocimiento insuficientes sobre el consumo de encurtidos, mayonesa y mostaza (48.4%), dulces hechos con alcohol (38.8%), el uso de jarabes y elixires con alcohol (41.9%) y después del afeitado, perfume o tónicos con alcohol (35.5%). El 12,9% de los participantes descalifican los síntomas, dolor de pecho, mareos, taquicardia y dolor de cabeza, como reacciones adversas cuando se agrega alcohol con disulfiram. Conclusiones: Un porcentaje significativo de la muestra no sabe qué precauciones tomar con los alimentos y selección de productos higiénicos, siendo necesario efeto intervenciones psicoeducativas, con enfermeros especializadas en salud mental que desempeñan un papel fundamental.