RESUMEN
Traumatic lesions of the axillary artery are rare in fractures of the proximal humerus. Clinical manifestations are sparse, generally presenting in the acute form, although in some cases the clinical signs only emerge later after the traumatic event. The early diagnosis might prevent serious complications. The authors present a case of a traumatic lesion of the axillary artery, with a delayed presentation, resulting from a traumatic fracture of the proximal third of the humerus that required emergent surgical management.
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Supracondylar apophysis (SA) is a bony prominence that originates from the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus with a lower projection and which, although usually asymptomatic, due to the relationship with adjacent structures can cause symptoms. We describe the case of a 42-year-old woman with pain complaints radiating from her elbow to her hand, with 6 months of evolution. On objective examination, the patient had a sensory deficit in the median nerve territory and decreased grip strength. Radiographs of the distal humerus were performed, in which a bone spike was visible, and magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening of the median nerve epineurium. Electromyography showed severe axonal demyelination of the median nerve proximal to the elbow. A median nerve compression caused by a SA was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgery and, 1 year after the operation, she had a complete clinical recovery. Supracondylar apophysis is a rare, but possible and treatable cause of high median nerve compression.
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Introduction: About 20% of all fractures in the human skeleton involves the hand, affecting primarily the young and active population. A Bennett's fracture (BF) is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal and surgical management is generally needed, with the K-wire fixation being the most preferred option. Among the most common complications with K-wires, we find infection and soft-tissues damages like tendon ruptures. Case Report: Here, we report a case of iatrogenic rupture of the Little Finger's Flexor Profundus Tendon after K-wire fixation of a BF that was diagnosed 4 weeks after the lesion. Different surgical strategies were proposed for managing chronic flexor tendon's ruptures; however, no consensus exist around what option would be the best. Here, we describe a flexor transfer from the 5th to the 4th finger that resulted in a great improvement in patient's DASH score and general quality of life. Conclusion: It is important to remember that percutaneous fixations with K wires in the hand can have disastrous complications, patients should be evaluated for possible tendon ruptures after the surgery, no matter how impossible they may seem, as even unexpected complications can have easier solutions in the acute setting.
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Background: Upper limb traumatic injuries have a significant impact on social and professional life; however, there is still a paucity of studies focusing on the injuries of the ulnar border of the forearm, wrist and hand. Methods: We designed a retrospective single-blinded study, including all patients with deep traumatic wounds affecting the ulnar side of the forearm, wrist or hand, that received surgical treatment from 2006 until 2016. A characterisation of the sample, assessment of concomitant injuries and clinical outcomes, as well as neurological and functional evaluation were performed. Results: We obtained a sample of 61 patients, 69% with injuries affecting the wrist and 90% of patients with a neurological lesion, most frequently of the ulnar nerve lesion (UNL). Concomitant injuries included tendinous lesions, more frequently of the flexor carpi ulnaris (64%) and fractures (13%). And 39% of patients presented an ulnar artery lesion, without significant differences in outcomes regarding the completion of arteriorrhaphy or not. At the end of the 8.6 years follow-up, 34% of patients had no deficits; however, patients with UNL showed worse functional scores and greater risk of sequelae. Besides motor function compromise, sensory deficits were also associated with worst functional outcomes. Conclusions: The UNL subgroup showed important impairment of the first ray, probably related to the level of UNL. Furthermore, besides the implications of the motor sequelae, sensory deficits were also associated with worst functional scores. Due to the high percentage of neurovascular and tendinous lesions in ulnar-sided upper extremity wounds, the authors recommend surgical exploration of these lesions. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic).
RESUMEN
Abstract Supracondylar apophysis (SA) is a bony prominence that originates from the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus with a lower projection and which, although usually asymptomatic, due to the relationship with adjacent structures can cause symptoms. We describe the case of a 42-year-old woman with pain complaints radiating from her elbow to her hand, with 6 months of evolution. On objective examination, the patient had a sensory deficit in the median nerve territory and decreased grip strength. Radiographs of the distal humerus were performed, in which a bone spike was visible, and magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening of the median nerve epineurium. Electromyography showed severe axonal demyelination of the median nerve proximal to the elbow. A median nerve compression caused by a SA was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgery and, 1 year after the operation, she had a complete clinical recovery. Supracondylar apophysis is a rare, but possible and treatable cause of high median nerve compression.
Resumo A apófise supracondilar (ASC) é uma proeminência óssea que tem origem na face anteromedial do úmero distal com projeção inferior e que, apesar de habitualmente assintomática, pela relação com as estruturas adjacentes pode causar sintomatologia. Descrevemos o caso de uma mulher de 42 anos, com queixas álgicas irradiadas do cotovelo à mão, com 6 meses de evolução. Ao exame objetivo, a paciente apresentava um déficit sensorial no território do nervo mediano e diminuição da força de preensão. Foram realizadas radiografias do úmero distal nas quais era visível uma espícula óssea, e na ressonância magnética era evidente o espessamento do epineuro do nervo mediano. A eletromiografia apresentou uma desmielinização axonal grave do nervo mediano proximal ao cotovelo. Foi diagnosticada uma compressão do nervo mediano por uma ASC. A paciente foi submetida à cirurgia e 1 ano pós-operatório apresentou recuperação clínica total. A ASC é uma causa rara, mas possível e tratável da compressão alta do nervo mediano.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Huesos/cirugía , Neuropatía Mediana , Húmero/cirugíaRESUMEN
Schwannomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves in the upper limbs. Although many are asymptomatic, they can produce a mass effect, thus impinging against soft tissues or interfering with joint function. The authors present a case report and a review of a giant Schwannoma in the ulnar nerve.
Os schwannomas são os tumores benignos mais comuns dos nervos periféricos nos membros superiores.Embora muitos sejam assintomáticos, podem produzir um efeito de massa e assim comprimir os tecidos moles adjacentes ou interferir com a função articular.Os autores apresentam um relato de caso e uma revisão de um caso de schwannoma gigante no nervo cubital.
RESUMEN
The aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign osteolytic bone neoplasm. Although most ABC is asymptomatic, in some cases they produce a mass effect, impinging against soft tissues or interfering with joint function. The authors present a rare case report of a lunate ABC successfully treated by curettage and bone grafting, and review the literature of this pathology.
RESUMEN
Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation is a rare traumatic injury that presents a potential risk of injury to mediastinal structures. The diagnosis is fundamentally clinical and treatment is done on an emergency basis. The authors report the clinical case of a young judo athlete with post-traumatic medial epiphyseal fracture-detachment, with posterior displacement (lesion equivalent to posterior sternoclavicular dislocation at pediatric ages). He underwent open reduction and ligament repair by means of a mini-anchor. The radiological and clinical outcome was excellent, and the athlete returned to his sports activity without limitations. We discuss the particular features of this pathological condition, along with the different therapeutic approaches and their complications.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Schwannomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves in the upper limbs. Although many are asymptomatic, they can produce a mass effect, thus impinging against soft tissues or interfering with joint function. The authors present a case report and a review of a giant Schwannoma in the ulnar nerve.
RESUMO Os schwannomas são os tumores benignos mais comuns dos nervos periféricos nos membros superiores. Embora muitos sejam assintomáticos, podem produzir um efeito de massa e assim comprimir os tecidos moles adjacentes ou interferir na função articular. Os autores apresentam um relato de caso e uma revisão de um caso de schwannoma gigante no nervo cubital.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mano , Neoplasias , Neurilemoma , Nervio Cubital , MuñecaRESUMEN
Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation is a rare traumatic injury that presents a potential risk of injury to mediastinal structures. The diagnosis is fundamentally clinical and treatment is done on an emergency basis. The authors report the clinical case of a young judo athlete with post-traumatic medial epiphyseal fracture-detachment, with posterior displacement (lesion equivalent to posterior sternoclavicular dislocation at pediatric ages). He underwent open reduction and ligament repair by means of a mini-anchor.The radiological and clinical outcome was excellent, and the athlete returned to his sports activity without limitations. We discuss the particular features of this pathological condition, along with the different therapeutic approaches and their complications.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Atletas , Traumatismos en Atletas , Articulación Esternoclavicular/cirugía , Articulación Esternoclavicular/lesionesRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência e as características das lesões tipo SCIWORA nos indivíduos até os 16 anos, da área de um hospital central entre 1989 e 2009, após traumatismo cervical. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de consulta processual. RESULTADOS: Nove (10,5 por cento) de 86 crianças apresentavam achados clínicos e radiológicos compatíveis com o diagnóstico de SCIWORA. A média de idades foi de 10,7 anos. A causa mais frequente foi o acidente de trânsito. Seis indivíduos eram classificáveis como Frankel D. Os restantes três casos eram Frankel C. Em três doentes a RMN mostrou imagem de lesão. Sete efetuaram metilprednisolona endovenosa e todos mantiveram imobilização com colar cervical até a primeira consulta de seguimento, às 2 semanas. Na alta, os seis doentes que apresentavam Frankel D à entrada melhoraram para um grau E. Dos doentes com Frankel C à entrada, um melhorou até Frankel D e os restantes dois mantiveram-se inalterados em Frankel C. CONCLUSÃO: Em um hospital de referência traumatológica, SCIWORA representa cerca de 10 por cento das lesões cervicais pediátricas. Os défices neurológicos à entrada e a RMN têm valor prognóstico de recuperação. A corticoterapia em dose elevada não está formalmente indicada e não é consensual o tempo de utilização de imobilização ou a sua indicação em todos os SCIWORA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and characteristics of SCIWORA in individuals under 16 years, from the area of a Level 1 Trauma Center between 1989 and 2009 after cervical trauma. METHODS: Retrospective study of clinical charts consultation. RESULTS: nine (10.5 percent) of 86 children had clinical features compatible with the radiological diagnosis of SCIWORA. The mean age was 10.7 years. The most frequent cause was traffic accident. Six individuals were classified as Frankel D. The remaining three cases were Frankel C. In three patients the MRI showed an image of lesion. Seven had intravenous methylprednisolone done and all remained with cervical collar immobilization until the first follow-up visit at 2 weeks. At discharge six patients who had Frankel D at entrance improved to a grade E. Of the patients with Frankel C at entry, one improved to Frankel D and the other two remained unchanged in Frankel C. CONCLUSION: In a level 1 Trauma Center SCIWORA represents nearly 10 percent of all spine injuries. neurological deficits at entry and MRI have prognostic value for recovery. High dosage corticosteroids is not formally indicated and there is no consensus as to how long cervical immobilization should be prescribed or its indication at all in SCIWORA patients.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y las características de las lesiones tipo SCIWORA en los individuos de hasta 16 años de edad, del área de un hospital central, entre 1989 y 2009, después de traumatismo cervical. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de consulta procesal. RESULTADOS: nueve (10,5 por ciento) de 86 niños presentaban hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos compatibles con el diagnóstico de SCIWORA. El promedio de edades fue 10,7 años. La causa más frecuente fue el accidente de tránsito. Seis individuos eran clasificables como Frankel D. Los restantes tres casos eran Frankel C. En tres pacientes, la RMn mostró imagen de lesión. Siete recibieron metilprednisolona endovenosa y todos mantuvieron inmovilización con collar cervical hasta la primera consulta de seguimiento, después de 2 semanas. En la alta, los seis pacientes, que presentaban Frankel D a la entrada, mejoraron para un grado E. De los pacientes con Frankel C a la entrada, uno mejoró hasta Frankel D y los otros dos se mantuvieron, sin alteraciones, en Frankel C. Conclusión: En un hospital de referencia traumatológica, SCIWORA representa cerca de 10 por ciento de las lesiones cervicales pediátricas. Los déficits neurológicos a la entrada y a RMn tienen valor de pronóstico de recuperación. La corticoterapia en dosis alta no está indicada formalmente y no es consensual el tiempo de utilización de inmovilización o su indicación en todos los SCIWORA.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Vértebras Cervicales , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Pediatría , Traumatismos de la Médula EspinalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVO: Avaliação dos resultados clínicos e radiográficos do tratamento cirúrgico de fracturas tipo burst da coluna toracolombar por fixação posterior curta, com instrumentação do nível fracturado e moldagem in situ. MÉTODOS: Entre Novembro de 2007 e Janeiro de 2009, foram seleccionados pacientes que sofreram fractura da coluna toracolombar tipo burst a um nível, com presença de instabilidade neurológica ou mecânica, submetidos a fixação posterior curta com instrumentação do nível fracturado e moldagem in situ. Foi realizada avaliação radiográfica e clínica no pré-operatório, no pós-operatório imediato e, pelo menos, um ano após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 12 pacientes com uma média de idades de 39,1 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 14,5 meses. Um paciente abandonou a consulta aos dois meses, e dois não compareceram à consulta de avaliação clínica. Dois pacientes apresentavam défices neurológicos à entrada (Frankel B). Obtivemos uma melhoria da angulação vertebral de 14,2º, da deformidade cifótica de 11,2º e 27,2 por cento de recuperação da altura vertebral anterior. Ao tempo de seguimento final, verificaram-se perdas de 2,7º, 3,8º e 6,1 por cento, respectivamente. Registou-se um Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) médio de 6,2 e uma Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) de 1,6. Os dois pacientes com lesões neurológicas melhoraram para um nível D de Frankel. Não se observou qualquer caso de desmontagem ou falência do material. CONCLUSÕES: A instrumentação do nível da fractura aumenta a rigidez da montagem, protegendo a vértebra fracturada de cargas anteriores, garantindo um ponto de fixação adicional que permite uma melhor correcção por moldagem in situ. Os resultados obtidos, radiográficos e clínicos, são bons e mantêm-se ao longo do tempo.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of clinical and radiographic results of the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with short posterior fixation, including the fractured vertebra and in situ bending. METHODS: From November 2007 to January 2009, the authors reviewed patients with traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures of a single vertebral level, with neurological or mechanical instability, and surgically treated with short posterior fixation including the fractured level and in situ bending. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed before, immediately after surgery, and at least at one year after surgery. RESULTS: Twelve patients were included with an average age of 39.1 years. The average follow-up was 14.5 months. One patient was lost to followup at two months, and two were lost to clinical evaluation. Two patients presented with neurological deficits (Frankel B).We achieved an improvement of 14.2º of vertebral angulation, 11.2º of kyphotic deformity and a restoration of 27.2 percent of anterior vertebral height. At final follow up 2.7º, 3.8º and 6.1 percent were lost, respectively. We obtained an average Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) of 6.2 and a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) of 1.6. The two patients with neurological deficits improved to a level D of Frankel. There was no instrumentation failure. CONCLUSION: Segmental fixation with instrumentation of the level of the fracture increases construct stiffness and gives additional vertebral body protection from anterior loads, achieving an additional point of fixation that allows a better kyphosis correction by in situ bending. Our clinical and radiographic results are good and long-lasting.
OBJETIVO: evaluación de los resultados clínicos y radiológicos del tratamiento quirúrgico de fracturas tipo burst de la columna toracolumbar por fijación posterior corta, con instrumentación del nivel fracturado y molde in situ. MÉTODOS: entre Noviembre de 2007 y Enero de 2009, fueron seleccionados pacientes que sufrieron fractura de la columna toracolumbar tipo burst a un nivel, con presencia de inestabilidad neurológica o mecánica, sometidos a la fijación posterior corta con instrumentación del nivel fracturado y molde in situ. Se realizó evaluación radiográfica y clínica en el pre operatorio, en el postoperatorio inmediato y por lo menos un año después de la cirugía. RESULTADOS: fueron incluidos 12 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 39.1 años. El seguimiento promedio fue de 14.5 meses. Un paciente abandonó la consulta a los dos meses, y dos no comparecieron a la consulta de evaluación clínica. Dos pacientes presentaron déficits neurológicos a la entrada (Frankel B). Obtuvimos una mejoría del ángulo vertebral de 14.2º, de la deformidad cifótica de 11.2º y el 27.2 por ciento de recuperación de la altura vertebral anterior. Al tiempo de seguimiento final, se verificaron pérdidas de 2.7º, 3.8º y el 6.1 por ciento, respectivamente. Se registró un Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) promedio de 6.2 y una Escala Analógica Visual (VAS) de 1.6. Los dos pacientes con lesiones neurológicas mejoraron para un nivel D de Frankel. No se observó cualquier caso de desmontaje o falencia del material. CONCLUSIONES: la instrumentación del nivel de la fractura aumenta la rigidez del molde, protegiendo la vértebra fracturada de cargas anteriores, garantizando un punto de fijación adicional que permite una mejor corrección por molde in situ. Los resultados obtenidos, tanto los radiográficos cuanto los clínicos, son buenos y se mantienen a lo largo del tiempo.