Short Nose Lengthening in Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty in Asians.

BACKGROUND: Surgical techniques and graft materials are important factors for short nose lengthening in both primary and revision rhinoplasty in Asian patients. Other subunit of the nose need to be improved as well to achieve aesthetic perfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 98 patients who underwent primary and revision rhinoplasty for moderate to severe short nose deformity from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Nasal elongation was achieved via an open rhinoplasty approach using autologous costal cartilage exclusively for grafting. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated by anthropometric measurement and satisfaction assessment from patients and physicians. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 10.6 months. In both primary and revision cases, nasal length relative to preoperative measurements increased significantly, while nasal tip projection did not differ significantly. Columellar-facial angle and nasofrontal angle decreased significantly in both groups. Both physicians and patients reported improvement in aesthetic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Aesthetic satisfaction was reported from both patients and physicians. Autologous costal cartilage is an ideal graft material that offers strong structural support. Caudal septal extension graft using autologous costal cartilage sandwiched by extended spreader grafts achieve satisfactory lengthening of the central compartment and also increase nasal tip projection and rotation.

The Ideal Nasal Tip Projection and Rotation Angles in Chinese: A Preference Analysis of the General Population.

ABSTRACT: Rhinoplasty to reshape the nasal tip is increasingly popular among Chinese women. Aesthetic standards vary across different ethnic groups and it is key to identify preferences for the ideal nasal tip in China to set surgical goals. Therefore, we administered an online survey to plastic surgeons and the public through social media to rank nasal tip images by aesthetic preference. Images were created from a single photograph to show various dimensions of nasal tip projection to nasal dorsum length ratio (NTP/NDL) and nasal labial angle (NLA). Preferences were compared by age, sex, living area, ethnic background, occupation, and history of plastic procedures on respondents' preferences. Overall, there were 703 respondents, including 441 (63%) women and 50 plastic surgeons. Nasal tip projection to nasal dorsum length ratio of 0.63 was ranked highest by all demographic groups, including women (47%), men (50%), and plastic surgeons (66%). Nasal labial angle of 106° was first choice overall and preferred by 34%, 34%, and 52%, respectively. Preferences followed a bell curve for NTP/NDL and NLA, with lower rates of preference as parameters diverged further from the first choice. The preference for NTP/NDL of 0.63 and NLA of 106° was conserved across surgeons, lay people, and all demographic groups. The authors suggest that these proportions could be used as reference for preoperative design in rhinoplasty.

Analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in obesity.

Obesity is a chronic and complex psychosomatic disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. This study aimed to analyze whole methylation profiles to uncover the epigenetic mechanisms associated with obesity. DNA methylation profiles in blood samples from patients with obesity and normal controls were studied using the Illumina 850 K methylation microarray. The diagnostic value of the differentially methylated genes was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The expression of selected candidate genes was verified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and pyrosequencing. A total of 9,371 significantly differentially methylated sites (7,974 hypermethylated sites and 1,397 hypomethylated sites) were identified in 4,571 genes. A difference in the distribution of differentially methylated sites (hypermethylated and hypomethylated) in both gene structures and CpG islands was observed. A total of 114 key differentially methylated sites were identified in the CpG islands. ROC results indicated that Inhibin Subunit Beta B (INHBB), Homeobox A9 (HOXA9), Troponin T3 (TNNT3), Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7 B (ZBTB7B) could discriminate patients with obesity from normal controls. RT-qPCR results of CRTC1 and ZBTB7B were consistent with our methylation profile results. The pyrosequencing results showed that the methylation levels of CRTC1 CpG sites (CpG1 and CpG2-cg11660071) and INHBB CpG sites (CpG2) were significantly changed in patients with obesity compared with normal controls, which was consistent with our DNA methylation profile results. Our study provides new insights into the pathological mechanism of obesity.

Optimizing Grain Yield and Radiation Use Efficiency through Synergistic Applications of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers in Super Hybrid Rice.

The remarkable yield performance of super hybrid rice has played a crucial role in ensuring global food security. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the contribution of radiation use efficiency (RUE) to hybrid rice yields under different nitrogen and potassium treatments. In this three-year field experiment, we aimed to evaluate the impact of two hybrid rice varieties (Y-liangyou 900: YLY900 and Quanyouhuazhan: QYHZ) under varying nitrogen regimes (N90: 90 kg N ha-1, N120: 120 kg N ha-1, N180: 180 kg N ha-1) and potassium regimes (K120: 120 kg K2O ha-1, K160: 160 kg K2O ha-1, K210: 210 kg K2O ha-1) on grain yield and its physiological determinants, including RUE, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), aboveground biomass production, and harvest index (HI). Our results revealed that both rice varieties exhibited significantly higher yields when coupled with nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Compared to the N90 × K120 treatment, the N120 × K160 and N180 × K210 combinations resulted in substantial increases in grain yield (12.0% and 21.1%, respectively) and RUE (11.9% and 21.4%, respectively). The YLY900 variety showed notable yield improvement due to enhanced aboveground biomass production resulting from increased IPAR and RUE. In contrast, the QYHZ variety's aboveground biomass accumulation was primarily influenced by RUE rather than IPAR, resulting in higher RUE and grain yields of 9.2% and 5.3%, respectively, compared to YLY900. Importantly, fertilization led to significant increases in yield, biomass, and RUE, while HI remained relatively constant. Both varieties demonstrated a positive relationship between grain yield and IPAR and RUE. Multiple regression analysis indicated that increasing RUE was the primary driver of yield improvement in hybrid rice varieties. By promoting sustainable agriculture and enhancing fertilizer management, elevating nitrogen and potassium levels from a low base would synergistically enhance rice yield and RUE, emphasizing the critical importance of RUE in hybrid rice productivity compared to HI.

Delayed Leaf Senescence Improves Radiation Use Efficiency and Explains Yield Advantage of Large Panicle-Type Hybrid Rice.

Super hybrid rice with predominantly large panicle types has achieved remarkable success in enhancing crop yield. However, when compared with multi-panicle-type varieties, the yield stability of large panicle-type varieties remains a challenge, and limited information is available on the comparative advantages of multi-panicle types. Consequently, a two-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the grain yield, biomass production, leaf area index (LAI), and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of large panicle-type hybrid rice (Y-liangyou 900, YLY900) and multi-panicle-type hybrid rice (C-liangyouhuazhan, CLYHZ) under three nitrogen (N) treatments (0, 180, 270 kg N ha-1). The effects of increased N fertilization were more pronounced in the large panicle-type varieties. YLY900 outperformed CLYHZ in terms of average yield (6% higher), and its yield advantage was attributed to higher spikelets per panicle (28%). Due to YLY900's RUE being 9% higher than CLYHZ, it results in a 12% greater accumulation of dry matter than CLYHZ. Furthermore, YLY900 exhibited significant improvements of 16%, 4%, and 14% in specific leaf weight, effective leaf area ratio, and LAI at 20 days after the heading stage (20DAH), respectively, compared with CLYHZ. YLY900 also demonstrated a stronger correlation between rice yield and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) compared with CLYHZ, with R2 values of 0.80 and 0.66, respectively. These findings highlight the superior performance of YLY900, resulting from higher light interception percentage (IP) and IPAR values, which consequently led to enhanced RUE and grain yield. Our research reveals that delayed leaf senescence by increasing LAI at the post-heading stage for large panicle-type hybrid rice, thereby contributing to greater RUE, led to higher biomass production and grain yield.

Detrimental effects of heat stress on grain weight and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are aggravated by decreased relative humidity.

There is concern over the impact of global warming on rice production due increased heat stress, coupled with decreased relative humidity (RH). It is unknown how rice yield and quality are affected by heat stress and decreased RH during the grain filling stage. We conducted experiments in controlled growth chambers on six rice cultivars, varying in heat tolerance using 12 combinative treatments of three factors: two RH levels (75% and 85%), three temperature levels (the daily maximum temperature at 33 °C, 35 °C, and 37 °C), and two durations (8 d and 15 d after anthesis). Results showed that RH75% with temperature treatments significantly reduced grain weight, which was higher than RH85%. The same trend was also observed for both head rice rate and chalkiness. R168 was the most heat-tolerant cultivar, but it still had some differences in grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness between the two RH regimes. The lower RH was most detrimental at 35 °C, and to a lesser extent at 33 °C, but had a negligible effect at 37 °C. Our results provide a better understanding of temperature and RH's interaction effects on rice quality during the grain filling stage, suggesting that RH should be considered in heat tolerance screening and identification to facilitate rice breeding and genetic improvement.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment on keloid tumor immune gene expression.

BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been demonstrated to influence the keloid recurrence rate after surgery and to relieve keloid symptoms and other pathological processes in keloids. To explore the mechanism of the effect of HBOT on keloids, tumor immune gene expression and immune cell infiltration were studied in this work. METHODS: From February 2021 to April 2021, HBOT was carried out on keloid patients four times before surgery. Keloid tissue samples were collected and divided into an HBOT group (keloid with HBOT before surgery [HK] group, n = 6) and a non-HBOT group (K group, n = 6). Tumor gene expression was analyzed with an Oncomine Immune Response Research Assay kit. Data were mined with R package. The differentially expressed genes between the groups were compared. Hub genes between the groups were determined and verified with Quantitative Real-time PCR. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed based on CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis of gene expression and verified with immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the HK group. There were 178 upregulated genes and 217 downregulated genes. Ten hub genes were identified, including Integrin Subunit Alpha M (ITGAM), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-2, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C (PTPRC), CD86, transforming growth factor (TGF), CD80, CTLA4, and IL-10. CD80, ITGAM, IL-4, and PTPRC with significantly downregulated expression were identified. IL-10 and IL-2 were upregulated in the HK group but without a significant difference. Infiltration differences of CD8 lymphocyte T cells, CD4 lymphocyte T-activated memory cells, and dendritic resting cells were identified with gene CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis. Infiltration levels of CD4 lymphocyte T cell in the HK group were significantly higher than those of the K group in IHC verification. CONCLUSION: HBOT affected tumor gene expression and immune cell infiltration in keloids. CD4 lymphocyte T cell, especially activated memory CD4+T, might be the key regulatory immune cell, and its related gene expression needs further study.

[Application of ultrasonography in the detection of nasal interdomal fat pad].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of ultrasonography in the detection of nasal interdomal fat pad (IFP). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients who underwent open rhinoplasty and other surgeries in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients were studied by ultrasonography to evaluate the shape, structure, size, and location of IFP. The results of ultrasonography were compared with intraoperative findings. RESULTS: The boundaries between IFP and the subcutaneous fat were clear under ultrasonography in 32 patients (84.2%), but were not clear in 6 patients (15.8%) who had undergone injection rhinoplasty (n=2) or augmentation rhinoplasty (n=4). As shown by ultrasonography,the average length,width,and height of IFP were (11.81∓1.28) mm, (2.49∓0.57) mm, and (1.90∓0.61) mm, respectively,which were not significantly different between male and female patients (P>0.05). In addition, the length, width, and height of IFP were significantly larger in nasorostral hypertrophy group than in normal group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography can accurately evaluate the size and morphology of IFP pre-operatively, and therefore is helpful to ensure the success of rhinoplasty.

Panfacial Fat Injection Approach in Young Asian Patients for Facial Contouring: A Goal-Oriented Classification Method Based on the Facial Fat Compartments Theory.

BACKGROUND: In Asia, young patients tend to undergo panfacial fat injection for facial contouring rather than for rejuvenation. Although the procedure is widely performed, there is no single approach that has been shown to have consistent results. METHOD: One personalized approach based on the facial fat compartment theory is presented here. Under the theory of facial fat compartments, the injection area is classified into functional zones and transition zones. A retrospective review of 105 cases over 6 years was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 6 to 47 months. Satisfactory results were achieved in 96 percent of cases. Typical cases were also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' view, this approach is safe and easy to learn, and produces aesthetically satisfactory results. The approach is stable, and satisfactory clinical results were achieved under the guidance of the facial fat compartment theory, which in turn verified the accuracy of this theory. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.

[Costal cartilage for rhinoplasty].

OBJECTIVE: Augmentation rhinoplasty is a commonly procedure in clinical work for a plastic surgeon. Autologous costal cartilage is widely used in aesthetic rhinoplasy because of the abundant in quality. However, the cartilage may warp, and it is not easy-handling for inexperienced plastic surgeons. We-used diced cartilage combined with thin strips as columellar struts, which can be easily shaped, and reduce the warping incidence. METHODS: From July 2012 to March 2014, 61 patients were performed diced costal cartilage for nasal augmentation via endonasal approach. Standardized photographs are obtained before and after surgery. Postoperative outcome is graded by patient's self-evaluation of the nasal appearance with a satisfaction scale. RESULTS: Among the 61 cases, 25 were revision cases. The follow-up time was no less than 6 months, with an average time of 10.9 months. 28 patients reported improved or better nasal appearance. One patient required revision surgery because of overcorrection. Supratip step-off was observed in one patient and corrected by external reshaping. No warping, infection, irregularity, absorption, airway obstruction, or donor-site morbidity were observed. All patients were satisfied with the final appearance. CONCLUSIONS: Diced costal cartilage is a reliable option for nasal augmentation and revision rhinoplasty. Good outcomes can be achieved postoperatively, with aesthetically pleasing appearance and simple procedure.

Increased serum chemerin level promotes cellular invasiveness in gastric cancer: a clinical and experimental study.

This study sought to determine the serum levels of chemerin in gastric cancer patients and healthy subjects and to investigate the biological effect of chemerin on gastric cancer cells. Serum chemerin level of 36 gastric cancer patients and 40 healthy subjects was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AGS and MKN28 cells were treated with recombinant human chemerin, MAPKs phosphorylation was then measured. Chemerin were added to culture medium of AGS and MKN28 in the absence or presence of MAPK inhibitors, VEGF, MMP-7, IL-6 and cell invasiveness assay were then performed. Serum level of chemerin was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than healthy subjects (P<0.01). The elevation of serum chemerin level was associated with advanced clinical stages and nonintestinal type of gastric cancer. Chemerin increased invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. Chemerin induced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs and upregulated VEGF, MMP-7 and IL-6. Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation abolished the upregulation of VEGF, MMP-7 and IL-6 and the pro-invasive effect of chemerin. This study demonstrates a novel action of chemerin in gastric carcinogenesis.