In Situ Polymerization of Hydrogel Electrolyte on Electrodes Enabling the Flexible All-Hydrogel Supercapacitors with Low-Temperature Adaptability.

All-hydrogel supercapacitors are emerging as promising power sources for next-generation wearable electronics due to their intrinsic mechanical flexibility, eco-friendliness, and enhanced safety. However, the insufficient interfacial adhesion between the electrode and electrolyte and the frozen hydrogel matrices at subzero temperatures largely limit the practical applications of all-hydrogel supercapacitors. Here, an all-hydrogel supercapacitor is reported with robust interfacial contact and anti-freezing property, fabricated by in situ polymerizing hydrogel electrolyte onto hydrogel electrodes. The robust interfacial adhesion is developed by the synergistic effect of a tough hydrogel matrix and topological entanglements. Meanwhile, the incorporation of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in the hydrogel electrolyte prevents the freezing of water solvents and endows the all-hydrogel supercapacitor with mechanical flexibility and fatigue resistance across a wide temperature range of 20 °C to -60 °C. Such all-hydrogel supercapacitor demonstrates satisfactory low-temperature electrochemical performance, delivering a high energy density of 11 mWh cm-2 and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 90% over 10000 cycles at -40 °C. Notably, the fabricated all-hydrogel supercapacitor can endure dynamic deformations and operate well under 2000 tension cycles even at -40 °C, without experiencing delamination and electrochemical failure. This work offers a promising strategy for flexible energy storage devices with low-temperature adaptability.

Association between anemia and depression: results from NHANES 2005-2018 and mendelian randomization analyses.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between anemia and depression remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between anemia/hemoglobin and depression. METHODS: The data for our cross-sectional study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between anemia/hemoglobin and depression. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted-median, and MR-Egger were used in MR analyses to assess the causal relationship between anemia/hemoglobin and depression. Heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy were assessed using the Cochrane Q test and Egger-intercept test, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by the leave-one-out approach. All analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS 24.0 and R version 4.2.2. RESULTS: A total of 29,391 NHANES participants were included in this study. After adjusting for all covariates, the association between anemia/hemoglobin and depression was not significant (P < 0.05). IVW estimates revealed that broad anemia had no significant effect on the risk of depression (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99-1.01, P = 0.432). Findings of weighted median and MR-Egger were consistent with those from IVW (weighted median: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99-1.02; P = 0.547; MR-Egger: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98-1.03, P = 0.605). The results of three MR Analyses methods also showed no causal association between hemoglobin and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support a causal association between anemia and depression. The association between hemoglobin concentration and depression was not statistically significant either.

Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging-based machine learning in Alzheimer's disease detection: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms can assist rapid medical image recognition and realize automatic, efficient, noninvasive, and convenient diagnosis. We aim to further evaluate the diagnostic performance of ML to distinguish patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) from normal older adults based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant literature published up until July 2021. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool and Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) to evaluate all included studies' quality and potential bias. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity, and the Deeks' test was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: We included 24 models based on different brain features extracted by ML algorithms in 19 papers. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve for ML in detecting AD were 0.85 (95%CI 0.81-0.89), 0.88 (95%CI 0.84-0.91), 7.15 (95%CI 5.40-9.47), 0.17 (95%CI 0.12-0.22), 43.34 (95%CI 26.89-69.84), and 0.93 (95%CI 0.91-0.95). CONCLUSION: ML using structural MRI data performed well in diagnosing probable AD patients and normal elderly. However, more high-quality, large-scale prospective studies are needed to further enhance the reliability and generalizability of ML for clinical applications before it can be introduced into clinical practice.

Association of chronic diseases with depression in the United States, NHANES 2007-2018.

Depression often coexists with many chronic diseases. However, previous studies mainly focused on the association between a single chronic disease or chronic diseases of the elderly and depression. This study included 26,177 adults aged more than 20 years old from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression was determined by nine questions which were from the Patient Health Questionnaire. We used propensity score matching to reduce the influence of confounders between the depression and non-depression groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between various chronic diseases and the number of diseases and depression. The prevalence of depression in participants with chronic diseases was higher than that in participants without chronic diseases, 20.8% of participants with chronic bronchitis had depression. After matching and controlling sleep, insurance and smoking, the highest risk of depression (OR = 1.524; 95% CI: 1.162-2.001) was found in people with stroke, followed by arthritis (OR = 1.464; 95% CI: 1.275-1.681). The percentage of participants with two or more chronic diseases with depression and without depression was 68.9% and 51.9%, respectively. Participants with five or more chronic diseases had the highest risk of depression (OR = 3.653; 95% CI: 3.001-4.446). In conclusion, patients with chronic diseases are at higher risk for depression, especially those with multiple chronic diseases. This study suggested that we should pay more attention to the mental health of people with chronic diseases.

The effect of hemodialysis on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) increases in patients with heart failure and renal failure. Hemodialysis is a useful treatment to these patients. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic and meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of hemodialysis on NT-pro BNP concentration. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searching in PubMed, Medline, Embase, OVID, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine (CBM) and Google Scholar. Standard errors of mean difference along with its 95% CI were calculated to assess the association of hemodialysis and NT-pro BNP concentration. Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were explored. RESULTS: Individual patient data was obtained from 270 participants in seven articles suffered from chronic renal failure with regular hemodialysis, which was standard normal distribution. A fixed effects model suggested a pooled mean difference of 79.265 (95% CI: -331.172-489.702) without heterogeneity (Q = 0.70 df = 6 p = 0.994 I2 = 0.0%). The adults group estimated a MD of 209.958 (95% CI: -3080.76-3500.67; p = 0.900) with no heterogeneity (Q = 0.70 df = 4 p = 0.983 I2 = 0.0%). In the four articles whose data were not standard normal distribution, hemodiafiltration protocols were similar; three articles reported increasing and one decreasing in NT-proBNP concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Finding of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that NT-pro BNP may not been influenced by hemodialysis, and it could not been used to determine if heart failure is improving in patients with renal failure who are treated with hemodialysis.

Invariant Image Representation Using Novel Fractional-Order Polar Harmonic Fourier Moments.

Continuous orthogonal moments, for which continuous functions are used as kernel functions, are invariant to rotation and scaling, and they have been greatly developed over the recent years. Among continuous orthogonal moments, polar harmonic Fourier moments (PHFMs) have superior performance and strong image description ability. In order to improve the performance of PHFMs in noise resistance and image reconstruction, PHFMs, which can only take integer numbers, are extended to fractional-order polar harmonic Fourier moments (FrPHFMs) in this paper. Firstly, the radial polynomials of integer-order PHFMs are modified to obtain fractional-order radial polynomials, and FrPHFMs are constructed based on the fractional-order radial polynomials; subsequently, the strong reconstruction ability, orthogonality, and geometric invariance of the proposed FrPHFMs are proven; and, finally, the performance of the proposed FrPHFMs is compared with that of integer-order PHFMs, fractional-order radial harmonic Fourier moments (FrRHFMs), fractional-order polar harmonic transforms (FrPHTs), and fractional-order Zernike moments (FrZMs). The experimental results show that the FrPHFMs constructed in this paper are superior to integer-order PHFMs and other fractional-order continuous orthogonal moments in terms of performance in image reconstruction and object recognition, as well as that the proposed FrPHFMs have strong image description ability and good stability.

Long noncoding RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of digestive tract cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted attention recently. However, many inconsistencies frequently appeared for the early diagnosis of digestive tract cancers (DTCs). We performed this meta-analysis to describe the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs in the discrimination of DTCs. METHODS: data were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Their quality was evaluated using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Such parameters as sensitivity and specificity were included for pooled analyses. The STATA 12.0 and Meta-Disc 1.4 software packages were used to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS: sixty-nine papers were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of DTCs showed that lncRNAs had a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity of 0.80. The area under the summary ROC curve (AUC) was 0.86. For gastric cancer (GC), the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.77 (95 % CI: 0.72-0.81) and 0.75 (95 % CI: 0.71-0.79), respectively, and the AUC was 0.83. For colorectal cancer (CRC), these three parameters were 0.82 (95 % CI: 0.76-0.86), 0.84 (95 % CI: 0.79-0.88), and 0.90, respectively. For esophageal cancer (EC) sensitivity was 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.80) and specificity reached 0.86 (95 % CI: 0.72-0.93), with an AUC of 0.82. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNAs show potential diagnostic value for discrimination between DTCs.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE AS A BIOMARKER FOR POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A META-ANALYSIS UPDATE.

Objective: A previous meta-analysis carried out on the predictive ability of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) showed that independent AMH may be a useful initial diagnostic test for PCOS. The aims of this study were to update the meta-analysis and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of AMH when it replaces polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in the Rotterdam criteria. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases systematically to identify relevant articles by using the key words "anti-Müllerian hormone" and "polycystic ovary syndrome." The deadline for manuscript inclusion was July 31, 2018. A random effects model was used and subgroup analysis and meta regression were performed to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. The methodologic quality of each study was assessed by QUADAS-2 and funnel plot asymmetry test. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, 29 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for AMH alone detecting PCOS were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71 to 0.81), 0.86 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.90) and 20 (95% CI 12 to 33), respectively. When AMH replaces polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) for the diagnosis of PCOS, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR rose to 0.93 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96), 0.99 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.00), and 1,634 (95% CI 217 to 12,324), respectively. The area under the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve for AMH alone and for AMH replacing PCOM detecting PCOS were 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.91) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98), respectively, which was found to be significantly different (Z = 4.89, P<.01). Conclusion: When AMH replaces PCOM in the Rotterdam criteria, the diagnostic efficacy for polycystic ovary syndrome is better. Abbreviations: AMH = anti-Müllerian hormone; AUC = area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; DOR = diagnostic odds ratio; HA = hyperandrogenism; IBC = Immunotech-Beckman Coulter; NLR = negative likelihood ratio; OA = oligo-anovulation; PCOM = polycystic ovary morphology; PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome; PLR = positive likelihood ratio; QUADAS = the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies; SENS = sensitivity; SPEC = specificity.

Synchrotron Big Data Science.

The rapid development of synchrotrons has massively increased the speed at which experiments can be performed, while new techniques have increased the amount of raw data collected during each experiment. While this has created enormous new opportunities, it has also created tremendous challenges for national facilities and users. With the huge increase in data volume, the manual analysis of data is no longer possible. As a result, only a fraction of the data collected during the time- and money-expensive synchrotron beam-time is analyzed and used to deliver new science. Additionally, the lack of an appropriate data analysis environment limits the realization of experiments that generate a large amount of data in a very short period of time. The current lack of automated data analysis pipelines prevents the fine-tuning of beam-time experiments, further reducing their potential usage. These effects, collectively known as the "data deluge," affect synchrotrons in several different ways including fast data collection, available local storage, data management systems, and curation of the data. This review highlights the Big Data strategies adopted nowadays at synchrotrons, documenting this novel and promising hybridization between science and technology, which promise a dramatic increase in the number of scientific discoveries.

Diagnostic value of urinary survivin as a biomarker for bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.

OBJECTIVE: This study is a meta-analysis and aims to determine the value of urinary survivin for detecting bladder cancer (BC) on the basis of preceding statistical performance and to compare their diagnostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Considering that the urinary survivin data were from both RNA and protein levels, the key words "bladder cancer" AND "survivin" and "bladder cancer" AND "survivin RNA" were used; and PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify relevant articles. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by QUADAS-2. Data were analyzed by STATA 12.0 and Meta-disc v.1.4 software package. A random-effects model was used and subgroup analysis was carried out to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Nine articles for survivin protein test with 789 patients and 684 controls, and 12 articles for survivin RNA test with 880 patients and 922 controls were identified. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73, 0.84), specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.79, 0.92) of the survivin protein test for bladder cancer, and the sensitivity and specificity was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79, 0.88) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89, 0.97) of the survivin RNA test. The AUC of the two approaches was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86, 0.91) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.92, 0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The survivin protein and survivin RNA both had great potential as biomarkers for BC detection, and survivin RNA showed higher accuracy than survivin protein on BC diagnosis.

Spatially correlated coherent diffractive imaging method.

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a lensless, high-resolution imaging method that is currently under rapid development by using X-rays, visible light, or electrons. However, its inherent ambiguities and the need of a priori knowledge about objects are limiting applications based on this method. By combining a conventional CDI method with the basic idea of ptychography, the method of spatially correlated CDI, a method fit for multiple sample imaging in single-shot mode, is proposed to enhance the robustness of CDI. In this method, a strong spatial relevancy is built by introducing the same region into each sample, which establishes a strong real-space constraint for image reconstruction. Both simulations and visible-light experiments demonstrated the good imaging quality and robustness of this method, which does not need tight supports.

Background noise removal in x-ray ptychography.

Ptychography is a diffraction-based x-ray microscopy method that removes the resolution limit imposed by image-forming optical elements. However, background noise in the recorded diffraction patterns will degrade the reconstructed images and may cause reconstruction failure. Removal of the background noise from a ptychography dataset is an important but rather ambiguous prereconstruction data processing step because high-spatial-frequency diffraction signals are inevitably partly wiped out along with the noise. In this paper, several newly designed techniques for removing background noise from experimental ptychographic datasets are provided. Meanwhile, effects of residual background noise and high-frequency signal loss on reconstructed image quality are discussed in detail. The image quality is assessed quantitatively by the power spectral density analysis method and spatial resolution calculation. Both the simulated and experimental results indicate that the positive effect of noise removal by these methods clearly exceeds the negative effect of the accompanied high-spatial-frequency signal loss because part of the lost signals can be recovered by the improved consistencies between neighboring diffraction patterns by the noise removal.

Corrigendum: The Associations Between Maternal Factors During Pregnancy and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis.

Because of the erroneous application of multiple publications, the conclusions of our recent paper (Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1162-70) were not reliable. The corrected results show that coffee drinking during pregnancy was risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.92).

The associations between maternal factors during pregnancy and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although genetic and environmental factors are considered to be the main causes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the associations between maternal factors during pregnancy and the childhood ALL is still unclear. PROCEDURE: In this study, meta-analysis was used. Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched. The result was assessed based on pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The pooled ORs showed that there were associations between childhood ALL and the birth order (The first vs others, OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.00-1.16), the education of pregnant woman (>high school vs ≤ high school, OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.77-0.86), smoking (Ever vs never, OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.02-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed that there were important associations between childhood ALL and the birth order, the education of pregnant woman, smoking.

UV-absorbent lignin-based multi-arm star thermoplastic elastomers.

Lignin-grafted copolymers, namely lignin-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) (lignin-g-P(MMA-co-BA)), are synthesized via "grafting from" atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with the aid of lignin-based macroinitiators. By manipulating the monomer feed ratios of MMA/BA, grafted copolymers with tunable glass transition temperatures (-10-40 °C) are obtained. These copolymers are evaluated as sustainable thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). The results suggest that the mechanical properties of these TPEs lignin-g-P(MMA-co-BA) copolymers are improved significantly by comparing with those of linear P(MMA-co-BA) copolymer counterparts, and the elastic strain recovery is nearly 70%. Lignin-g-P(MMA-co-BA) copolymers exhibit high absorption in the range of the UV spectrum, which might allow for applications in UV-blocking coatings.

Body mass index and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obesity, indicated as increased body mass index, are associated with the risk of some cancers. We carried out a meta-analysis on published cohort and case-control studies to assess the strength of association between body mass index and gastric cancer. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Web of Science and Medline electronic databases. Adjusted relative risks (odds ratios) with 95% confidence interval were used to assess the strength of association between body mass index and gastric cancer. RESULTS: Sixteen eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.24) compared with normal weight (body mass index = 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2)), while overweight (body mass index = 18.5 to <30 kg/m(2)) showed no association (odds ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 0.96-1.12). Specifically, a stratified analysis showed there were associations between obesity and the increased risk of gastric cancer for males (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.48), non-Asians (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.28) and both cohort studies (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.22) and case-control studies (odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.60). Both overweight (odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.42) and obesity (odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.15-2.24) were associated with the increased risk of gastric cardia cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that obesity was associated with the risk of gastric cancer, especially for males and among non-Asians. Both overweight and obesity were associated with the risk of gastric cardia cancer.

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with discriminant analysis to evaluate Angelicae pubescentis radix from different regions.

A rapid and effective method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major chemical constituents in Angelicae pubescentis radix by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). Nine phenolic acids, 30 coumarins, bisabolangelone, and adenosine were identified by quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r > 0.9996) within the linear ranges. The relative standard deviation calculated for intraday and interday precision, stability, and accuracy were <5%. The mean recovery ranged from 95.8 to 106%. The overall limits of detection and quantification were 0.025-0.160 and 0.100-0.560 µg/mL, respectively. Discriminant analysis was investigated as a method for evaluating the quality of the samples with 100% correction in their classification. The results demonstrated that the developed method could successfully be used to differentiate samples from different regions and could be a helpful tool for detection and confirmation of the quality of traditional Chinese medicines.

Hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal BaTiO3 nanotube arrays with high dielectric performance.

Tetragonal Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanotube arrays have been prepared using the template-assisted hydrothermal method combined with an annealing process. The in-situ chemical conversion of TiO2 nanotube array templates ensured that BaTiO3 maintained the morphology of the nanotube architectures. Moreover, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum characterization were used to confirm that the BaTiO3 nanotube arrays had a tetragonal phase after the use of a simple annealing technique. Typical hysteresis loops showed their ferroelectricity, with the remanent polarization and coercive fields being 2.57 microC/cm2 and 2.52 kV/cm, respectively. The relative dielectric constant of the tetragonal BaTiO3 nanotube arrays reached up to 1000 and the dielectric loss was as low as 0.02 at 1 kHz at room temperature.

The association between BRAF (V600E) mutation and pathological features in PTC.

The BRAF (V600E) mutation is a common genetic alteration in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with some pathological features. The association has been widely reported, but results were inconclusive. In this study a meta-analysis was done to explore the association between BRAF(V600E) mutation and pathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Medline, PubMed and Web of Science were searched. A total of 69 studies that included 14,170 PTC patients were identified. The outcomes were from 2004 to October 2013. STATA12.0 software package was used to analyze the data. The result was assessed based on pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed that the BRAF (V600E) mutation was associated with extra-thyroidal extension (OR = 2.09, 95 % CI = 1.69-2.58), advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.90, 95 % CI = 1.62-2.22), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.41-2.01), multifocality (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.06-1.40), and recurrence (OR = 2.50, 95 % CI = 1.73-3.59). The meta-analysis suggested the potential roles of BRAF (V600E) mutation in pathological features. BRAF (V600E) might provide prognostic and diagnostic information for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

[Synthesis and characterization of dihydroeugenol acrylate].

Dihydroeugenol acrylate was synthesized by the reaction of acryloyl chloride (AC) with lignin mode compound dihydroeugenol (DH) in the presence of TEA and characterized by using FTIR, GC/MS, 1H-NMR and GPC. FTIR spectra showed that, after the esterification with acryloyl chloride, the intensity of stretching vibration peak of O-H (centered at 3 495 cm(-1)) of DH was disappeared. At the same time, a new peak appeared at 1 762 cm(-1) which was assigned to ester group. Additionally, the appearance of 1 631 and 981 cm(-1) were attributed to the carbon - carbon double bond confirmed the success in the synthesis of DH-AC. 1H-NMR spectra showed that, after the esterification with acryloyl chloride, the proton signal of O-H at 5.5 ppm was disappeared. Meanwhile, the appearance of three new proton signals at 6.0 ppm, 6.4 and 6.7 ppm, attributed to the vinylic protons, indicated that acryloyl chloride was successfully grafted onto DH. The results further confirmed the structures of the DH-AC. GC-MS results showed the DH-AC had a high purity of 98.63%. GPC results showed that dihydroeugenol acrylate could polymerize in the 1,4-dioxane using a thermal initiator of AIBN (2.0 Wt% of total monomers). The weight average molecular mass (Mw) of the homopolymer is 37 400 g x mol(-1), and the number average molecular mass is 23 400 g x mol(-1)' with a polydispersity index Mw/Mn of 1.60, indicating that the dihydroeugenol acrylate has high polymerization activity. This strategy provides a novel approach for extending the comprehensive utilization of lignin.