Boosting Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy in a Nanosized Zr MOF by the Combination of Ag NP Encapsulation and Porphyrin Doping.

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is regarded as one of the most promising antibacterial therapies due to its nonresistance, noninvasion, and rapid sterilization. However, the development of antibacterial materials with high aPDT efficacy is still a long-standing challenge. Herein, we develop an effective antibacterial photodynamic composite UiO-66-(SH)2@TCPP@AgNPs by Ag encapsulation and 4,4',4″,4‴-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid) (TCPP) dopant. Through a mix-and-match strategy in the self-assembly process, 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalic acid containing -SH groups and TCPP were uniformly decorated into the UiO-66-type framework to form UiO-66-(SH)2@TCPP. After Ag(I) impregnation and in situ UV light reduction, Ag NPs were formed and encapsulated into UiO-66-(SH)2@TCPP to get UiO-66-(SH)2@TCPP@AgNPs. In the resulting composite, both Ag NPs and TCPP can effectively enhance the visible light absorption, largely boosting the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species. Notably, the nanoscale size enables it to effectively contact and be endocytosed into bacteria. Consequently, UiO-66-(SH)2@TCPP@AgNPs show a very high aPDT efficacy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as drug-resistant bacteria (MRSA). Furthermore, the Ag NPs were firmly anchored at the framework by the high density of -SH moieties, avoiding the cytotoxicity caused by the leakage of Ag NPs. By in vitro experiments, UiO-66-(SH)2@TCPP@AgNPs show a very high antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility as well as the potentiality to promote cell proliferation.

Severity of albuminuria as an early indicator for wound healing in type 2 diabetic foot ulcers.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of albuminuria and wound healing in type 2 diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 121 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were recruited from January 2015 to June 2017 and divided into nonproliferation and proliferation groups according to their healing status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors of wound proliferation. Skin biopsies were also taken from normal tissue near the wound in 54 participants. The microvessel density as well as the relationships among the microvessel density, albuminuria and wound proliferation were evaluated. Results showed that in a multiple linear regression model, factors including body-mass index, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria showed independently significant association with wound healing in patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated albuminuria as a predicator for wound healing with a cutoff value of 32 mg/g. Meanwhile, normoalbuminuric patients showed significantly higher level of skin microvessels density than microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria patients, while microalbuminuria patients also had statistically more microvessels that macroalbuminuria patients. The microvessel density were statistically significantly higher in the proliferation group than that in the nonproliferation group. In summary, this study suggested that albuminuria can be used as an independent indicator for the healing of type 2 diabetic foot ulcers.