RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To assess the performance of MRI scale for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnant women and to determine the added diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2020, 80 patients were included. All MRI were performed with a 1.5-Tesla scanner with anterior array body coil. This analysis included (1) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), (2) fat-saturated T2WI, and (3) DWI. Two radiologists blinded to the diagnosis recorded their assessment of four findings: appendiceal diameter, appendiceal wall thickness, luminal mucus, and periappendiceal inflammation. The MRI scale of acute appendicitis which ranged from 0 to 4 was determined from these factors. An additional one point was added to the MRI appendicitis scale in those patients with evidence of appendiceal restricted diffusion on DWI. The diagnostic values and predictive factors were computed. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the calculated MRI appendicitis scale was a significant independent predictor of acute appendicitis with a sensitivity of 96.6%, specificity of 90.2%, and PPV of 84.8%. The odds ratio of appendicitis is increased by 22.3 times for every increase in one point on the MRI appendicitis scale. Therefore, the addition of one point for restricted diffusion in the appendix on DWI imaging can add substantial value, both positive and negative predictive value, towards making an accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS: MRI appendicitis scale is an objective and significant independent predictive factor for acute appendicitis in pregnant women. Incorporation of diffusion weighted imaging to MRI can improve diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: MRI appendicitis scale is an objective and significant independent predictor of acute appendicitis in pregnant women. Incorporation of DWI/ADC map to MRI examinations can improve diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnant women. KEY POINTS: ⢠MRI appendicitis scale is an objective and significant independent predictive factor for acute appendicitis in pregnant women. ⢠The odds ratio of appendicitis can be increased by 22.3 times for every increase of one unit in MRI scale. ⢠Incorporation of diffusion-weighted imaging to MRI examinations can add value to the scale (4.2 ± 0.7 vs. 0.7 ± 1.1; p < 0.001) among pregnant women with appendicitis versus pregnant women without appendicitis.
Asunto(s)
Apendicitis , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Apendicitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Mujeres Embarazadas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Enfermedad Aguda , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Video-based flipped learning (VFL) has become a popular form of flipped learning. However, teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) for video-based flipped learning is still under-explored. A TPACK-VFL questionnaire for assessing teachers' TPACK for VFL was developed and validated with both EFA and CFA in this study to fill the research gap. After instrument development and validation, a total of 211 secondary school teachers' TPACK for VFL, their pedagogical beliefs, and the role of teacher pedagogical beliefs on their TPACK for VFL were explored in this study. The results showed that the secondary school teachers in this study generally expressed sufficient confidence in their TPACK for VFL. They tended to have strong learner-centered pedagogical beliefs and moderate teacher-centered pedagogical beliefs. Besides, compared with the senior high school teachers, the junior high school teachers showed significantly higher confidence in their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) for VFL (p < 0.05). This study also found that the teachers' learner-centered pedagogical belief was significantly correlated with their content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological content knowledge (TCK), and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) (p < 0.05). In contrast, their teacher-centered pedagogical belief was significantly correlated with their TCK, TPK, and TPACK (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis was conducted based on the teachers' pedagogical beliefs, which yielded three groups: the Learner-centered Group, the Double-emphasis Group, and the Neutral Group. A series of ANOVA confirmed that the three groups of teachers significantly differed in their CK, PK, PCK, and TPACK (p < 0.05), indicating that teachers' pedagogical beliefs played a role in their TPACK for VFL. A series of post hoc analyses further revealed that, in general, the teachers in the Double-emphasis Group (i.e., those teachers who held both strong learner-centered and teacher-centered pedagogical beliefs) showed better TPACK for VFL.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We sought to compare the diagnostic performances of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and prostate/whole-abdomen multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (PWAmpMRI) in Taiwanese patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Between June 2017 and December 2018, we prospectively enrolled 34 patients. Upon review of all available clinical and imaging data, a best valuable comparator (BVC) was defined on an individual basis in the light of a consensus reached by a multidisciplinary tumor board. Diagnostic positivity was investigated in relation to the different lesion types. RESULTS: On a patient-based analysis, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and PWAmpMRI showed a moderate agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.62). 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT identified local recurrences, regional, and non-regional lymph node metastases, and bone metastases in 15, 10, 1, and 5 patients, respectively. Conversely, PWAmpMRI detected these lesions in 26, 8, 1, and 4 patients, respectively. When the BVC was used as reference standard, the positive diagnostic rates for local recurrences, regional lymph node metastases, non-regional lymph node metastases, and bone metastases were 57.7%, 90.9%, 100%, and 100%, respectively for 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and 100%, 72.7%, 100%, and 80% for PWAmpMRI, respectively. The use of both PWAmpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT showed a complete diagnostic yield for detecting both local recurrence and systemic failure when PSA levels reached 0.5 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: Due to urine radioactivity, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT performs less than PWAmpMRI on local recurrences. However, it can have a complementary diagnostic role in the detection of lymph node metastases and in identifying non-axial bone metastases beyond the PWAmpMRI scanning field.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Próstata , Ácido Edético/análogos & derivados , Isótopos de Galio , Radioisótopos de Galio , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Imágenes de Resonancia Magnética Multiparamétrica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Oligopéptidos , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Prostatectomía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , RobóticaRESUMEN
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and upper tracts (UTUC) used to share management with similar principles. However, their genetic and epigenetic differences along with different responses to immunotherapy were recently identified, which are reminiscent of their distinct etiologies. Different from the variety of environmental factors relating to UCB, UTUC is best known for its close relationship with exposure to aristolochic acid (AA). AA is believed to cause its carcinogenicity through forming DNA adducts of deoxyadenosine-aristolactam, as well as A:T â T:A transversions in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Since recent findings suggested that cancers with higher somatic mutations are associated with better treatment responses upon immune checkpoint blockade, UTUC and AA-related biomarkers reasonably serve as good candidates, as well as a potential prognostic predictor for the flourishing immunotherapy. This review covers the current state of the literature on the clinical response of UTUC and UCB receiving immunotherapy and points out directions for refinement regarding patient selection.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Aristolóquicos/toxicidad , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Carcinoma/terapia , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Animales , Carcinoma/etiología , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/etiología , Urotelio/efectos de los fármacos , Urotelio/metabolismo , Urotelio/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although transarterial embolization (TAE) can powerfully control postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), clinical failure of TAE is not uncommon. PURPOSE: To discover whether any parameters could predict timely clinical failure of TAE, then whether a supplementary intervention could be promptly initiated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 118 TAE procedures in 113 patients with PPH performed at our institution between January 2012 and May 2015. The patients were divided into the following groups: clinically successful TAE and failed TAE. Successful TAE was defined as obviation of supplementary embolization or surgical intervention for hemostasis. Gestational conditions, angiographic factors, maternal vital signs, and laboratory data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In total, 100 (84.8%) TAEs were clinically successful. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed independent risk factors of TAE clinical failure, including the requirement for augmented embolic agents, placental retention, and international normalized ratio > 1.3 ( P = 0.009, 0.001, and 0.005, respectively). The post-TAE shock index was significantly associated with TAE failure, using a cut-off value of 0.8. CONCLUSION: The discovered independent risk factors of TAE clinical failure existed before or during the TAE procedure and could not reflect the post-TAE conditions. Although the post-TAE shock index was not an independent factor, it reflected the conditions after TAE and could indicate TAE clinical failure timely.
Asunto(s)
Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Hemorragia Posparto/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the timing of CT and MRI performed before digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the prediction of hemorrhage sites in patients with head and neck cancers who present with acute oral or neck bleeding after receiving treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 123 DSA examinations that evaluated 123 oral or neck bleeding events in 85 patients were analyzed. The last CT or MRI examinations performed within a time frame of 0-337 days before transarterial embolization were reviewed retrospectively, with three findings (pseudoaneurysm, air-containing necrotic tissue, and residual tumor) used to predict hemorrhage sites. DSA findings of pseudoaneurysm or active contrast extravasation were used as a reference standard. The sensitivity of CT and MRI for correctly predicting hemorrhage sites was used to determine the optimal timing of CT or MRI examinations performed before DSA. RESULTS: A total of 8.9% of the DSA examinations (11/123) had equivocal findings but were followed by another bleeding event for which DSA findings were positive. CT or MRI was statistically significantly better at predicting hemorrhage sites in patients with bleeding events associated with nonhypopharyngeal cancers (p = 0.019) than in those with bleeding events associated with hypopharyngeal cancers. The sensitivity of CT or MRI in the prediction of hemorrhage sites was statistically significantly higher for the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery when CT or MRI was performed less than 30 days before bleeding events occurred. Prediction of hemorrhagic sites was better with the use of CT angiography than with the use of enhanced CT or MRI, although it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: DSA findings can temporarily be equivocal. CT or MRI examinations performed within 30 days of bleeding events can predict the site of hemorrhage. If no CT or MRI findings from the past 30 days are available, we suggest performing emergent CT angiography for the sake of obtaining better arterial detail.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Angiografía Cerebral/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Hemorragia/diagnóstico , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/terapia , Medios de Contraste , Embolización Terapéutica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The retroperitoneum is an important space in the human body that is often implicated in a range Epub ahead of print of acute medical conditions, some of which can be life-threatening. Ultrasonography may serve as a pivotal first-line imaging technique when assessing patients with suspected retroperitoneal abnormalities. Effective ultrasonography of the retroperitoneum requires a comprehensive grasp of its anatomy, adjacent structures, and potential pathologies. Being well-acquainted with the imaging characteristics of acute conditions can meaningfully assist in an accurate diagnosis and guide subsequent management. This review article summarizes and illustrates the acute conditions involving the retroperitoneum through the lens of ultrasound imaging.
RESUMEN
MRI-guided targeted biopsy (MRGB) was recommended as part of biopsy paradigm of prostate cancers by current guidelines. This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of MRGB and systemic biopsy (SB), and to compare diagnostic capabilities within subgroups of MRGB: MRI-cognitive biopsy (MRCB) and MRI-fusion biopsy (MRFB). We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent MRGB for suspicious malignant lesion(s) identified on MRI in a single tertiary center, sample size was 74 patients. An mpMRI was performed prior to biopsy and reviewed by an experienced radiologist specialized in prostate cancer. Per-person results of MRGB and each concomitant SB were analyzed as independent biopsies for its positive biopsy rate and positive core percentage. Per-lesion results of MRFB and MRCB were compared for the detection rate. Variables of interest were analyzed with t-test, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), Version 23 (IBM, Armonk, New York). Total of 74 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. MRFB had higher PCa detection rate comparing to both MRCB and SB (56.1%, 30.3%, and 33.9% respectively, p value = 0.036); clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rate was also significantly higher in MRFB group (43.9%, 24.2%, and 16.9% in each group respectively, p value = 0.011). In per-lesion analysis, MRCB and MRFB had no significant difference in PCa and csPCa detection rate (41.0% vs. 26.2% and 29.5% vs. 16.7% respectively, p value = 0.090 and 0.103). In the lesion ⦠1.3 cm group, MRFB could achieve higher PCa detection rate, comparing to MRCB (36.4% vs. 14.3%, p value = 0.047); there were also higher positive rates for PCa and csPCa per biopsied cores (22.1% vs. 6.8% and 15.6% vs. 2.7%, p value = 0.029 and 0.028, respectively). Further logistic regression of multi-variate analysis in subgroup of lesion ⦠1.3 cm revealed that PIRADS score and biopsy method were significant predictors of positive biopsy result for PCa (p value = 0.045 and 0.026, respectively) and for csPCa (p value = 0.043 and 0.025, respectively). In patients receiving trans-perineal prostate biopsy, MRFB had higher cancer detection rate than MRCB and SB. In per lesion comparison, MRFB and MRCB had similar diagnostic accuracy. However, in lesions with diameter less than 1.3 cm, MRFB can provided better diagnose value for PCa and csPCa than MRCB.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia Guiada por Imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Próstata/patología , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodosRESUMEN
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignancy in men worldwide. The risk factors for PCa include obesity, age and family history. Increased visceral fat has been associated with high PCa risk, which has prompted previous researchers to investigate the influence of body composition and fat distribution on PCa prognosis. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on the mechanisms and interactions between periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) and PCa cells. The present study investigated the association between the composition of pelvic adipose tissue and PCa aggressiveness to understand the role played by this tissue in PCa progression. Moreover, PPAT-conditioned medium (CM) was prepared to assess the influence of the PPAT secretome on the pathophysiology of PCa. The present study included 50 patients with localized PCa who received robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Medical records were collected, magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed and body compositions were calculated to identify the associations between adipose tissue volume and clinical PCa aggressiveness. In addition, CM was prepared from PPAT and perivesical adipose tissue (PVAT) collected from 25 patients during surgery, and its effects on the PCa cell lines C4-2 and LNCaP, and the prostate epithelial cell line PZ-HPV-7, were investigated using a cell proliferation assay and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results revealed that the initial prostate-specific antigen level was significantly correlated with pelvic and periprostatic adipose tissue volumes. In addition, PPAT volume was significantly higher in patients with extracapsular tumor extension. PCa cell proliferation was significantly reduced when the cells were cultured in PPAT-CM compared with when they were cultured in control- and PVAT-CM. RNA-seq revealed that immune responses, and the cell death and apoptosis pathways were enriched in PPAT-CM-cultured cells indicating that the cytokines or other factors secreted from PPAT-CM induced PCa cell apoptosis. These findings revealed that the PPAT secretome may inhibit PCa cell proliferation by activating immune responses and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. This mechanism may act as a first-line defense during the early stages of PCa.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the necessity of fluoroscopic esophagography in patients with pneumomediastinum on CT but without CT findings of esophageal perforation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2010, there were 4305 fluoroscopic esophagography examinations including 533 with CT identified from a search of our PACS. Patients with pneumomediastinum on CT who were subsequently referred for emergent fluoroscopic esophagography to exclude esophageal perforation were enrolled. Fluoroscopic esophagography examinations performed within 3 days of CT were included. Patients with a history of esophageal disease were excluded. As a result, 103 patients were enrolled in the study; patients were divided into groups on the basis of whether there was additional clinical history of esophageal damage (trauma group) or not (nontrauma group). Images were reviewed by two board-certified radiologists blinded to the clinical data and radiologic reports for the presence or absence of esophageal perforation. A positive result on CT was defined as esophageal injury or periesophageal infiltration that coexisted with periesophageal air. A positive fluoroscopic esophagography result was defined as oral contrast medium leakage from the esophagus. RESULTS: Esophageal perforation was diagnosed in 15 of the 103 patients. The CT findings were significantly correlated with esophageal perforation (p < 0.001 in the trauma group, and p = 0.001 in the nontrauma group). The respective sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of CT versus fluoroscopic esophagography in the trauma group were 100% versus 66.7% and 100% versus 87.9%; in the nontrauma group, the sensitivity and NPV were 100% for CT and fluoroscopic esophagography. Thus, the sensitivity and NPV of CT were either superior or equal to those of fluoroscopic esophagography. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that performing fluoroscopic esophagography in patients with pneumomediastinum is unnecessary when CT is negative for esophageal perforation.
Asunto(s)
Perforación del Esófago/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagen , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Medios de Contraste , Enfermedades del Esófago/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Esófago/etiología , Perforación del Esófago/etiología , Extravasación de Materiales Terapéuticos y Diagnósticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Fluoroscopía , Humanos , Yohexol , Masculino , Enfisema Mediastínico/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Acute compartment syndrome of the upper limb due to dialysis access-related bleeding is a rare and severe complication of hemodialysis. In most reported cases, this complication is caused by an enlarging hematoma after puncture or perforation of a fistula in combination with the use of heparin. In this case report, we describe a 52-year-old woman presenting with venous hypertension and left-arm swelling that progressed suddenly on the fifth day of presentation to neurological deficits, cyanotic skin changes, and typical clinical symptoms of acute arm compartment syndrome. An angiographic scan confirmed a critical stenosis at the proximal cephalic-axillary venous junction, and balloon angioplasty successfully dilated the lesion. The arm swelling and other symptoms subsided dramatically within 3 days. This case represents a potentially different mechanism for the development of acute arm compartment syndrome in dialysis patients as well as a treatment strategy different from standard fasciotomy to reduce intracompartmental pressure.
Asunto(s)
Arteriopatías Oclusivas/etiología , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Síndromes Compartimentales/etiología , Diálisis Renal , Extremidad Superior/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad Aguda , Angioplastia de Balón , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/diagnóstico , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/terapia , Síndromes Compartimentales/diagnóstico , Síndromes Compartimentales/terapia , Constricción Patológica , Descompresión Quirúrgica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Presión VenosaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is rare, and the factors associated with the survival of these patients are yet to be elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected data on patients who were admitted to our hospital for SCC of the kidney in the last 22 years and of those in studies in the literature. Clinical characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. The associations of these factors with survival were evaluated using Cox regression models, and the hazard ratio of death was calculated. RESULTS: This study included 45 patients (8 admitted to our hospital and 37 from studies in the literature) with SCC of the kidney. The overall median survival time was 9.9 months (range 6.9-31.6). Data on demographics, clinical symptoms, tumor staging, and tumor characteristics recorded at the time of diagnosis were not associated with survival. Among the different treatment modalities applied, cisplatin-based chemotherapy afforded a strong survival advantage (hazard ratio = 0.35, p = 0.022). However, patients with early local recurrence (hazard ratio = 19.13, p = 0.012) and early distant metastasis (hazard ratio = 10.93, p = 0.003) after primary treatment showed significantly poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary SCC of the kidney generally presented with large, advanced-stage tumors and showed poor survival. Early detection of the tumor, use of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and careful follow-up for local recurrence or frequent metastasis within 6 months after the primary treatment could be important for improving overall patient survival.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , SobrevidaRESUMEN
Radiologists and trauma surgeons should monitor for early killers among patients with thoracic trauma, such as tension pneumothorax, tracheobronchial injuries, flail chest, aortic injury, mediastinal hematomas, and severe pulmonary parenchymal injury. With the advent of cutting-edge technology, rapid volumetric computed tomography of the chest has become the most definitive diagnostic tool for establishing or excluding thoracic trauma. With the notion of "time is life" at emergency settings, radiologists must find ways to shorten the turnaround time of reports. One way to interpret chest findings is to use a systemic approach, as advocated in this study. Our interpretation of chest findings for thoracic trauma follows the acronym "ABC-Please" in which "A" stands for abnormal air, "B" stands for abnormal bones, "C" stands for abnormal cardiovascular system, and "P" in "Please" stands for abnormal pulmonary parenchyma and vessels. In the future, utilizing an artificial intelligence software can be an alternative, which can highlight significant findings as "warm zones" on the heatmap and can re-prioritize important examinations at the top of the reading list for radiologists to expedite the final reports.
Asunto(s)
Tórax Paradójico , Lesión Pulmonar , Traumatismos Torácicos , Heridas no Penetrantes , Humanos , Inteligencia Artificial , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax Paradójico/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Heridas no Penetrantes/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This population-based study aimed to collect, analyze, and summarize the long-term trends in medical imaging use in Taiwan. METHODS: A retrospective cohort population-based study of medical imaging usage for the individuals who received care under the National Health Insurance system from 2000 to 2017. CT and MRI utilization rates were determined overall as well as across certain variables including patient age, hospital type, health care type, hospital characteristics, and geographic area. RESULTS: Individuals registered in our health insurance system have received 21,766,745 CT scans and 7,520,088 MRI scans from 2000 to 2017. Annual growth rates for both imaging types were positive over that period, though growth rates have slowed in recent years. The growth rate for CT use was greatest (9-12%) between 2001 and 2004, dropped to 2% in 2005, then generally rose thereafter, reaching 3% in 2017. Similarly, MRI use growth peaked at 24% between 2001 and 2003, dropped to 4% in 2005, then increased in a fluctuating manner, reaching 2% in 2017. CONCLUSION: Over the past 2 decades, CT and MRI use in Taiwan has increased sharply, especially in the oldest age group (≥ 60 years old), but growth rates have slowed in recent years. Increases in imaging use have corresponded with improved clinical outcomes, including greater life expectancy and reduced mortality rates, though further assessment is required to demonstrate a direct link with imaging. Nevertheless, the better clinical outcomes are also predisposed by the comprehensive care covered by the NHI system.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade and positive surgical margins (PSMs) after radical prostatectomy (RP) may reflect the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This study aimed to investigate whether DCE-MRI parameters (i.e., Ktrans, kep, and IAUC) could predict ISUP grade and PSMs after RP. METHOD: Forty-five PCa patients underwent preoperative DCE-MRI. The clinical characteristics and DCE-MRI parameters of the 45 patients were compared between the low- and high-risk (i.e., ISUP grades III-V) groups and between patients with or without PSMs after RP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant predictors of placement in the high-risk group and PSMs. RESULTS: The DCE parameter Ktrans-max was significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (p = 0.028) and was also a significant predictor of placement in the high-risk group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.032, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005-1.060, p = 0.021). Patients with PSMs had significantly higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) titers, positive biopsy core percentages, Ktrans-max, kep-median, and kep-max than others (all p < 0.05). Of these, positive biopsy core percentage (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = 1.003-1.068, p = 0.032) and kep-max (OR = 1.078, 95% CI = 1.012-1.148, p = 0.020) were significant predictors of PSMs. CONCLUSION: Preoperative DCE-MRI parameters, specifically Ktrans-max and kep-max, could potentially serve as preoperative imaging biomarkers for postoperative PCa prognosis based on their predictability of PCa risk group and PSM on RP, respectively.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the use of radiological studies, including nuclear medicine, and biopsy for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer (PCA) in clinical practice and understand the current status of PCA in Asian countries via an international survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Asian Prostate Imaging Working Group designed a survey questionnaire with four domains focused on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), other prostate imaging, prostate biopsy, and PCA backgrounds. The questionnaire was sent to 111 members of professional affiliations in Korea, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan who were representatives of their working hospitals, and their responses were analyzed. RESULTS: This survey had a response rate of 97.3% (108/111). The rates of using 3T scanners, antispasmodic agents, laxative drugs, and prostate imaging-reporting and data system reporting for prostate MRI were 21.6%-78.9%, 22.2%-84.2%, 2.3%-26.3%, and 59.5%-100%, respectively. Respondents reported using the highest b-values of 800-2000 sec/mm² and fields of view of 9-30 cm. The prostate MRI examinations per month ranged from 1 to 600, and they were most commonly indicated for biopsy-naïve patients suspected of PCA in Japan and Singapore and staging of proven PCA in Korea and Taiwan. The most commonly used radiotracers for prostate positron emission tomography are prostate-specific membrane antigen in Singapore and fluorodeoxyglucose in three other countries. The most common timing for prostate MRI was before biopsy (29.9%). Prostate-targeted biopsies were performed in 63.8% of hospitals, usually by MRI-ultrasound fusion approach. The most common presentation was localized PCA in all four countries, and it was usually treated with radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: This survey showed the diverse technical details and the availability of imaging and biopsy in the evaluation of PCA. This suggests the need for an educational program for Asian radiologists to promote standardized evidence-based imaging approaches for the diagnosis and staging of PCA.
Asunto(s)
Próstata , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Próstata/patología , Antígeno Prostático Específico/análisis , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Biopsia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de PositronesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether PET-CT or PET-MRI is more appropriate for imaging prostate cancer, in terms of primary tumor detection, local staging and recurrence, as well as lymph nodes and distant metastases. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library database. Studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of PET-CT vs PET-MRI in prostate cancer patients were emphasized. RESULTS: We reviewed 57 original research articles during the period 2016-2021: 14 articles regarding the radiotracer PSMA; 18 articles regarding the primary tumor detection, local tumor staging, managing local recurrence; 17 articles for managing lymph node metastases; and eight articles for managing bone and other distant metastases. PSMA PET could be complementary to mpMRI for primary prostate cancer localization and is particularly valuable for PI-RADS three lesions. PET-MRI is better than PET-CT in local tumor staging due to its specific benefit in predicting extracapsular extension in MRI-occult prostate cancer patients. PET-MRI is likely superior as compared with PET-CT in detecting local recurrence, and has slightly higher detection rates than PET-CT in lymph node recurrence. PET-CT and PET-MRI seem to have equivalent performance in detecting distant bony or visceral metastases. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, PET-MRI is suitable for local and regional disease, either primary staging or restaging, whereas PET-CT is valuable for managing distant bony or visceral metastasis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: We reviewed the emerging applications of PET-MRI and PET-CT in clinical aspects. Readers will gain an objective overview on the strength and shortfalls of PET-MRI or PET-CT in the management of prostate cancer.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , RadiofármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to elucidate the change of body composition in different clinical stages of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS: We enrolled patients diagnosed with RCC in a tertiary medical center who did not mention body weight loss or symptoms of cachexia. We grouped patients into those with localized RCC and those with metastatic RCC. Analyses of the volume of skeletal muscles tissue (SMT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) calculated based on CT images were performed and included subgroup analyses by sex and age. The correlation between tumor size and body composition in localized RCC was also examined. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients were enrolled in this study. There was significantly lower VAT (p = 0.015) in the metastatic group than in the localized group. SAT, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly different between these two groups. In the subgroup analysis, a significant difference in SMT and VAT was noted in the male and younger subgroups but not in the female and older subgroups. Regarding primary tumor size in localized RCC, VAT was significantly higher in patients with larger tumors (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In localized RCC, VAT volume was significantly larger in those with large primary tumor size. However, the VAT was significantly lower in those with metastatic status comparing to those with localized disease. The clinical course of cancers closely correlates with body composition.
RESUMEN
This study evaluated the effect of body composition and pelvic fat distribution on the aggressiveness and prognosis of localized prostate cancer. This study included patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with positive surgical margins. Clinicodemographic data were collected from patients' medical reports. Pretreatment magnetic resonance images (MRI) obtained for cancer staging were reviewed by a single radiologist to calculate pelvic fat distribution and body composition. We correlated these body composition parameters with initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA), Gleason score, extracapsular tumor extension, and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival. The iPSA was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI; Pâ =â .027), pelvic fat volume (Pâ =â .004), and perirectal fat volume (Pâ =â .001), whereas the Gleason score was significantly associated with BMI only (Pâ =â .011). Tumor extracapsular extension was significantly associated with increased periprostatic fat volume (Pâ =â .047). Patients with less subcutaneous fat thickness (<2.4 cm) had significantly poor BCR-free survival (Pâ =â .039). Pelvic fat distribution, including pelvic fat volume, perirectal fat volume, and periprostatic fat volume, were significantly correlated with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Patients with less subcutaneous fat had an increased risk of BCR after radical prostatectomy.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Composición Corporal , Humanos , Masculino , Clasificación del Tumor , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patologíaRESUMEN
In acute cholecystitis, the presence of gangrene is associated with higher morbidity and mortality and necessitates open surgical intervention rather than laparoscopic cholecystectomy. As Murphy's sign may be absent, gangrene may not be detected ultrasonographically. This retrospective study evaluated indications of acute gangrenous cholecystitis on computed tomography (CT) in 25 patients, who were proven as having acute cholecysitis surgically and pathologically within 3 days of pre-operative CT. The CT images were reviewed by two board-certified radiologists blind to the initial CT report. Acute gangrenous cholecystitis was significantly correlated with the CT signs of perfusion defect (PD) of the gallbladder wall (P = 0.02), pericholecystic stranding (PS) (P = 0.028), and no-gallstone condition (No-ST) (P = 0.026). The presence of PD was associated with acute gangrenous cholecystitis with a relatively high accuracy (80%), a sensitivity of 70.6%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 61.5%. The combination CT signs of PD or No-ST improved the accuracy for acute gangrenous cholecystitis to 92%, with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 88.2%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively. Other CT signs were highly specific for acute gangrenous cholecystitis but of low sensitivity, including mucosal hemorrhage, mucosal sloughing, wall irregularity, pericholecystic abscess, gas formation, and portal venous thrombosis. CT was found to accurately diagnose acute cholecystitis, with the presence of PD, PS, or No-ST significantly correlated with that of gangrenous change. Thus, CT is useful in the preoperative detection of acute gangrenous cholecystitis.