Dual External Field Strategy in Regulating the Superhalogen Characteristics of the Non-Noble Metal Constituted Tantalum Oxide Clusters.

The identification of the non-noble metal constituted TaO cluster as a potential analogue to the noble metal Au is significant for the development of tailored materials. It leverages the superatom concept to engineer properties with precision. However, the impact of incrementally integrating TaO units on the electronic configurations and properties within larger TaO-based clusters remains to be elucidated. By employing the density functional theory calculations, the global minima and low-lying isomers of the TanOn (n = 2-5) clusters were determined, and their structural evolution was disclosed. In the cluster series, Ta5O5 was found to possess the highest electron affinity (EA) with a value of 2.14 eV, based on which a dual external field (DEF) strategy was applied to regulate the electronic property of the cluster. Initially, the electron-withdrawing CO ligand was affixed to Ta5O5, followed by the application of an oriented external electric field (OEEF). The CO ligation was found to be able to enhance the Ta5O5 cluster's electron capture capability by adjusting its electron energy levels, with the EA of Ta5O5(CO)4 peaking at 2.58 eV. Subsequently, the introduction of OEEF further elevated the EA of the CO-ligated cluster. Notably, OEEF, when applied along the +x axis, was observed to sharply increase the EA to 3.26 eV, meeting the criteria for superhalogens. The enhancement of EA in response to OEEF intensity can be quantified as a functional relationship. This finding highlights the advantage of OEEF over conventional methods, demonstrating its capacity for precise and continuous modulation of cluster EAs. Consequently, this research has adeptly transformed tantalum oxide clusters into superhalogen structures, underscoring the effectiveness of the DEF strategy in augmenting cluster EAs and its promise as a viable tool for the creation of superhalogens.

[Research progress on Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction and predictive analysis of quality markers].

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and is known for its effects of tonifying Qi, warming the meridians, and promoting blood circulation to alleviate obstruction. It is primarily used to treat conditions characterized by Qi stagnation, Yang deficiency, and obstruction, and it exhibits pharmacological effects such as immune regulation, anti-inflammation, analgesia, protection of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, itch relief, reduction of frostbite symptoms, antioxidative stress, promotion of cell apoptosis, and kidney protection. In modern clinical practice, it is commonly used to treat acute myocardial infarction, sequelae of cerebral infarction, cervical spondylosis, frozen shoulder, lower limb arteriosclerosis, lower limb vascular disorders, peripheral neuropathy in diabetes, and lupus nephritis. Recent research has focused on the chemical components, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction. Based on the "five principles" of quality markers(Q-markers) in TCM, this study predicted and analyzed the Q-markers of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction. It suggested that astragaloside Ⅳ, formononetin, kaempferol, quercetin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, 6-gingerol, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and gallic acid could serve as Q-markers for Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction. The findings of this study can provide references for quality control of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction and the development of new Chinese medicinal formulations.

[Research progress of Shenling Baizhu San and predictive analysis on its quality markers].

Shenling Baizhu San is a classic prescription for replenishing Qi to invigorate the spleen and dispelling dampness to check diarrhea, which mainly treats the syndrome of spleen deficiency and heavy dampness. With the pharmacological effects of regulating immune system, improving lung function and gastrointestinal function, and resisting oxygen, tumor, and inflammation, Shenling Baizhu San is commonly used in modern clinical practice to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, and diabetic, etc. This paper summarized the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical application of Shenling Baizhu San in recent years, and predictively analyzed the quality markers of Shenling Baizhu San according to the "five principles" of Q-marker. The Q-markers of Shenling Baizhu San involved ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, batatasin Ⅰ, batatasin Ⅲ, diosgenin, liensinine, neferine, luteolin, quercetin, glycerol trioleate, ß-sitosterol, platycodin D, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, pipecolinic acid, atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and bornyl acetate, which provided references for the quality control and follow-up research of Shenling Baizhu San.

Hypertrophic preconditioning attenuates post-myocardial infarction injury through deacetylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2.

Ischemic preconditioning induced by brief periods of coronary occlusion and reperfusion protects the heart from a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult. In this study we investigated whether a short-term nonischemic stimulation of hypertrophy renders the heart resistant to subsequent ischemic injury. Male mice were subjected to transient transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 3 days followed aortic debanding on D4 (T3D4), as well as ligation of the left coronary artery to induce myocardial infarction (MI). The TAC preconditioning mice showed markedly improved contractile function and significantly reduced myocardial fibrotic area and apoptosis following MI. We revealed that TAC preconditioning significantly reduced MI-induced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased NADPH/NADP ratio and GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as decreased mitochondrial ROS production. Furthermore, TAC preconditioning significantly increased the expression and activity of SIRT3 protein following MI. Cardiac-specific overexpression of SIRT3 gene through in vivo AAV-SIRT3 transfection partially mimicked the protective effects of TAC preconditioning, whereas genetic ablation of SIRT3 in mice blocked the protective effects of TAC preconditioning. Moreover, expression of an IDH2 mutant mimicking deacetylation (IDH2 K413R) in cardiomyocytes promoted myocardial IDH2 activation, quenched mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alleviated post-MI injury, whereas expression of an acetylation mimic (IDH2 K413Q) in cardiomyocytes inactivated IDH2, exacerbated mitochondrial ROS overload, and aggravated post-MI injury. In conclusion, this study identifies TAC preconditioning as a novel strategy for induction of an endogenous self-defensive and cardioprotective mechanism against cardiac injury. Therapeutic strategies targeting IDH2 are promising treatment approaches for cardiac ischemic injury.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein degradation in chronic liver disease.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is easily observed in chronic liver disease, which often causes accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER, leading to unfolded protein response (UPR). Regulating protein degradation is an integral part of UPR to relieve ER stress. The major protein degradation system includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. All three arms of UPR triggered in response to ER stress can regulate UPS and autophagy. Accumulated misfolded proteins could activate these arms, and then generate various transcription factors to regulate the expression of UPS-related and autophagy-related genes. The protein degradation process regulated by UPR has great significance in many chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). In most instances, the degradation of excessive proteins protects cells with ER stress survival from apoptosis. According to the specific functions of protein degradation in chronic liver disease, choosing to promote or inhibit this process is promising as a potential method for treating chronic liver disease.

MicroRNA-98 attenuates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting DAPK1 expression.

Cardiovascular ischemic disease is a large class of diseases that are harmful to human health. The significant role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in terms of controlling cardiac injury has been reported in latest studies. MiR-98 is very important in regulating the apoptosis, the differentiation, the growth as well as the metastasis of cells. Nevertheless, the effect of miR-98 in the cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury has rarely been investigated. In the current research, we found that the miR-98 expression was down-regulated in the cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and in the myocardium of the I/R rats. In addition, over-expression of miR-98 could significantly reduce the myocardial oxidative stress and ischemic injury as well as cell apoptosis. In agreement, similar findings were demonstrated in H9c2 cells subjected to H/R injury. Bioinformatic analysis using MiRanda and TargetScan and luciferase activity assay confirmed death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) as a direct target of miR-98. These findings suggest that miR-98 may be exploited as a novel molecular marker or therapeutic target for myocardial I/R injury. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):166-176, 2019.

Anatomically preserved "strobili" and leaves from the Permian of China (Dorsalistachyaceae, fam. nov.) broaden knowledge of Noeggerathiales and constrain their possible taxonomic affinities.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Noeggerathiales are an extinct group of heterosporous shrubs and trees that were widespread and diverse during the Pennsylvanian-Permian Epochs (323-252 Ma) but are of controversial taxonomic affinity. Groups proposed as close relatives include leptosporangiate ferns, sphenopsids, progymnosperms, or the extant eusporangiate fern Tmesipteris. Previously identified noeggerathialeans lacked anatomical preservation, limiting taxonomic comparisons to their external morphology and spore structure. We here document from the upper Permian of China the first anatomically preserved noeggerathialeans, which enhance the perceived distinctiveness of the group and better indicate its systematic affinity. METHODS: We describe in detail the newly discovered, anatomically preserved heterosporous strobilus Dorsalistachya quadrisegmentorum, gen. et sp. nov., and redescribe its suspected foliar correlate, the pinnate leaf Plagiozamites oblongifolius. KEY RESULTS: Plagiozamites possesses an omega (Ω)-shaped vascular trace and prominent cortical secretory cavities-a distinctive anatomical organization that is echoed in the newly discovered strobili. Dorsalistachya strobili bear highly dissected sporophylls alternately in two vertical rows, suggesting that they are homologs of leaf pinnae. If so, the "strobilus" is strictly a pseudostrobilus and consists of sporangium-bearing units that are one hierarchical level below true sporophylls. The "sporophylls" bear four microsporangia on the lower (abaxial) surface, occasionally interspersed with short longitudinal rows of megasporangia. A single functional megaspore develops within each winged megasporangium, suggesting adaptation for dispersal as a single unit. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsalistachya presents a unique combination of reproductive features that amply justifies establishment of a new family, Dorsalistachyaceae. Noeggerathiales represent a distinct taxonomic Order of free-sporing plants that most resembles early-divergent eusporangiate ferns and the more derived among the extinct progymnosperms. By the early Permian, noeggerathialeans had attained levels of reproductive sophistication similar to the most derived among the Paleozoic sphenophytes and lycophytes, but their heterosporous life history may have contributed to their extinction during the Triassic climatic aridification.

Effects of decompressive cervical surgery on blood pressure in cervical spondylosis patients with hypertension: a time series cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cervical spondylosis myelopathy (CSM) and complicated with hypertension are often experiencing a blood pressure decrease after taking cervical decompressive surgery in clinical observations, but how this blood pressure reduction is associated with the surgery, which cut cervical sympathetic nervous, has never been rigorously assessed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cervical decompressive surgery on blood pressure among CSM patients with hypertension. METHODS/DESIGN: The study will be a time series cohort study. Fifty eligible patients will be selected consecutively from the Peking University First Hospital. Two 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) will be taken before the surgery, apart by at least 3 days. The patients will be followed up for another two ABPMs at 1 and 3 months after the surgery. We will recruit subjects with cervical spondylosis myelopathy meeting operation indications and scheduled for receiving cervical decompressive surgery, aged 18-84 years, have a history of hypertension or office systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg on initial screening, and willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria includes a history of known secondary hypertension, visual analogue scale (VAS) score ≥4, and unable to comply with study due to severe psychosis. The change in systolic ABPs over the four times will be analyzed to observe the overall pattern of the blood pressure change in relation to the surgery, but the primary analysis will be the comparison of systolic ABP between the 2(nd) and 3(rd), 4(th) measurements (before and after the surgery). We will also calculate the regression-to-the-mean adjusted changes in systolic ABP as sensitivity analysis. Secondary endpoints are the changes in 24 h ABPM diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure control status, the use and dose adjustment of antihypertensive medication, and the incidence of operative complications. Primary outcome analyses will be carried out using analysis of covariance, as well as the first secondary endpoint. DISCUSSION: This study will inform us the important knowledge about cervical sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and blood pressure. Once confirmed, it may help to produce new method for control of hypertension, which is the leading cause of death in the world. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered to Clinical Trials.gov (NCT02016768).

Synthesis and Evaluation of Ester Derivatives of 10-Hydroxycanthin-6-one as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.

As part of our continuing research on canthin-6-one antimicrobial agents, a new series of ester derivatives of 10-hydroxycanthin-6-one were synthesized using a simple and effective synthetic route. The structure of each compound was characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, FT-IR, UV, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against three phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium solani) and four bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Pseudomonas syringae) were evaluated using the mycelium linear growth rate method and micro-broth dilution method, respectively. The structure-activity relationship is discussed. Of the tested compounds, 4 and 7s displayed significant antifungal activity against F. graminearum, with inhibition rates of 100% at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. Compounds 5, 7s, and 7t showed the best inhibitory activity against all the tested bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 3.91 and 31.25 µg/mL. Thus, 7s emerged as a promising lead compound for the development of novel canthine-6-one antimicrobial agents.

A novel role of microglial NADPH oxidase in mediating extra-synaptic function of norepinephrine in regulating brain immune homeostasis.

Although the peripheral anti-inflammatory effect of norepinephrine (NE) is well documented, the mechanism by which this neurotransmitter functions as an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective agent in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. This article aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of NE in inflammation-based dopaminergic neurotoxicity models. In mice, NE-depleting toxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) was injected at 6 months of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. It was found that NE depletion enhanced LPS-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. This piece of in vivo data prompted us to conduct a series of studies in an effort to elucidate the mechanism as to how NE affects dopamine neuron survival by using primary midbrain neuron/glia cultures. Results showed that submicromolar concentrations of NE dose-dependently protected dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia activation and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory factors. However, NE-elicited neuroprotection was not totally abolished in cultures from ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR)-deficient mice, suggesting that novel pathways other than ß2-AR are involved. To this end, It was found that submicromolar NE dose-dependently inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-generated superoxide, which contributes to the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of NE. This novel mechanism was indeed adrenergic receptors independent since both (+) and (-) optic isomers of NE displayed the same potency. We further demonstrated that NE inhibited LPS-induced NOX2 activation by blocking the translocation of its cytosolic subunit to plasma membranes. In summary, we revealed a potential physiological role of NE in maintaining brain immune homeostasis and protecting neurons via a novel mechanism.

The A55T and K153R polymorphisms of MSTN gene are associated with the strength training-induced muscle hypertrophy among Han Chinese men.

Myostatin, encoded by the MSTN gene, is a strong regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The present study aimed to investigate whether the A55T and K153R polymorphisms of MSTN were associated with the strength training-induced muscle hypertrophy among Han Chinese men. A total of 94 healthy, untrained men were recruited for an 8-week strength training programme. The thicknesses of biceps and quadriceps, along with anthropometric measurements of the participants, were assessed before and after the programme. The MSTN polymorphisms were subsequently genotyped employing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique and confirmed by DNA sequencing. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the pre- and post-training measurements between carriers of different polymorphic genotypes. Our results indicated that individuals with AT + TT genotype of the A55T polymorphism showed a significant increase in the thickness of biceps (0.292 ± 0.210 cm, P = 0.03), but not quadriceps (0.254 ± 0.198 cm, P = 0.07), compared to carriers of AA genotype. For the K153R polymorphism, the increases in the thicknesses of both biceps (0.300 ± 0.131 cm) and quadriceps (0.421 ± 0.281 cm) were significantly higher among individuals with KR than those with KK genotypes (P < 0.01 for both muscles). The results obtained therefore suggested a possible association between the two polymorphisms and the strength training-induced muscle hypertrophy among men of Han Chinese ethnicity.

[Effect of yanghe huayan decoction on precancerosis of breast cancer, protein and mRNA expression of ki67: an experimental research].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Yanghe Huayan Decoction (YHD, a representative recipe for warming yang mass dissipating) in inhibiting precancerosis of breast cancer (PBC) and on the protein and mRNA expression of ki67. METHODS: The PBC rat model was established by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), and 9 weeks later rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the YHD group, the Sanjie Huatan Decoction group (SHD), the Pingxiao Tablet group (PT), and the tamoxifen group. Rats in the model group were administered with water by gastrogavage. Rats in the YHD group received YHD (deglued antler powder 12 g, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 9 g, cassia bark 6 g, white mustard seed 3 g, zedoary root 12 g, appendiculate cremastra pseudobulb 15 g, chekiang fritillary bulb 9 g, licorice root 6 g) at the daily dose of 7.2 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the SHD group received SHD (oldenlandia diffusa 15 g, Scutellaria Barbata 15 g, Trichosanthes Kirilowii 15 g, pinellia 9 g) at the daily dose of 5.4 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the PT group received PT at the daily dose of 144 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Those in the tamoxifen group received tamoxifen at the daily dose of 4 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Pathomorphological changes of the breast tissue were observed by HE staining. The positive rate and the gray value of ki67 expression were detected by immunohistochemical assay. And the expression of ki67 mRNA was detected by q-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the general hyperplasia and the occurrence rate of precancerous lesion were higher and the occurrence rate of invasive carcinoma was lower in each treatment group (P < 0.05). Except the SHD group, the intensity of ki67 grey value increased in each treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Except the PT group, the positive rate of ki67 and mRNA expression of ki67 increased in the rest treatment groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the YHD group, there was no statistical difference in the occurrence rate of infiltration or the occurrence rate of precancerous lesion (P > 0.05). The positive rate of ki67 expression and mRNA expression of ki67 increased in the PT group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: YHD could partially inhibit and reverse canceration of breast cancer. It also could inhibit ki67 protein and mRNA expression. Its effect was similar to tamoxifen and superior to PT. So it was suitable for prevention and treatment of precancerous lesion of breast cancer.

Value of Molecular Typing Combined with Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Risk Stratification of Endometrial Cancer.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the value of molecular typing combined with integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) semi-quantitative indices in endometrial cancer risk stratification. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 86 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with endometrial cancer and underwent surgical treatment after curettage at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2017 and March 2023. Prior to surgery, each patient underwent integrated PET/MRI examination. The postoperative samples were subjected to pathological diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, and POLE gene sequencing. The differences in clinicopathological features between the four molecular subtypes and the differences in integrated PET/MRI semi-quantitative indexes (SUV max, ADC min) between the four molecular subtypes were analyzed. The cutoff value of molecular typing combined with integrated PET/MRI semi-quantitative indices for endometrial cancer risk stratification was determined. Results: There were statistically significant differences in pathological types and tumor grades among the four molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer. The values of the four integrated PET/MRI semi-quantitative indices (SUV max and ADC min) of the molecular subtypes were statistically different. The SUV max was greater in the p53abn mutation group than in the POLE mutation group (P < 0.05). The ADC minimum of the POLE mutation group and the MMR-d group was lower than the NSMP group (P < 0.05). Molecular typing combined with the integrated PET/MRI semi-quantitative SUV max index can predict the low/medium risk group of endometrial cancer and the medium-high/high risk group, and the cut-off value of SUV max for predicting the risk of early endometrial cancer was 14.72 (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 68.7%). Conclusion: Molecular typing combined with integrated PET/MRI semi-quantitative indicators is useful to achieve risk stratification in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer and guide individualized treatment.

Excitotoxic Storms of Ischemic Stroke: A Non-neuronal Perspective.

Numerous neurological disorders share a fatal pathologic process known as glutamate excitotoxicity. Among which, ischemic stroke is the major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. For a long time, the main idea of developing anti-excitotoxic neuroprotective agents was to block glutamate receptors. Despite this, there has been little successful clinical translation to date. After decades of "neuron-centered" views, a growing number of studies have recently revealed the importance of non-neuronal cells. Glial cells, cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, blood cells, and so forth are extensively engaged in glutamate synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolism. They also express functional glutamate receptors and can listen and respond for fast synaptic transmission. This broadens the thoughts of developing excitotoxicity antagonists. In this review, the critical contribution of non-neuronal cells in glutamate excitotoxicity during ischemic stroke will be emphasized in detail, and the latest research progress as well as corresponding therapeutic strategies will be updated at length, aiming to reconceptualize glutamate excitotoxicity in a non-neuronal perspective.

Clonal integration of stress signal induces morphological and physiological response of root within clonal network.

Clonal integration of defense or stress signal induced systemic resistance in leaf of interconnected ramets. However, similar effects of stress signal in root are poorly understood within clonal network. Clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas with first-young, second-mature, third-old and fourth-oldest ramets were used to investigate transportation or sharing of stress signal among interconnected ramets suffering from low water availability. Compared with control, oxidative stress in root of the first-young, second-mature and third-old ramets was significantly alleviated by exogenous ABA application to the fourth-oldest ramets as well as enhancement of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT and APX) activities and osmoregulation ability. Surface area and volume in root of the first-young ramets were significantly increased and total length in root of the third-old ramets was significantly decreased. POD activity in root of the fourth-oldest and third-old ramets was significantly enhanced by exogenous ABA application to the first-young ramets. Meanwhile, total length and surface area in root of the fourth-oldest and third-old ramets were significantly decreased. Ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass in the whole clonal fragments was significantly increased by exogenous ABA application to the fourth-oldest or first-young ramets. It is suggested that transportation or sharing of stress signal may induce systemic resistance in root of interconnected ramets. Specially, transportation or sharing of stress signal against phloem flow was observed in the experiment. Possible explanation is that rapid recovery of foliar photosynthesis in first-young ramets subjected to exogenous ABA application can partially reverse phloem flow within clonal network. Thus, our experiment provides insight into ecological implication on clonal integration of stress signal.

[Analysis of sagittal parameters about senior thoracolumbar proximal junctional kyphosis after lumbar long segment fusion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the radiographic risk factors of senior thoracolumbar proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after lumbar long segment fusion. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2011, the PJK group enrolled 9 patients who satisfied the following criteria: being older than 60 years, having lumbar fusion operation no less than 4 levels, upper instrumented vertebrae being L1 or L2, emerging PJK in 2-year follow-up, and the control group enrolled 10 matched patients without PJK. Their sagittal parameters including sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, upper instrumented vertebral angle, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, lumbo-pelvic lordosis on full length spine lateral film were measured, the oswestry disability index (ODI ) scores of the two groups in the last follow up recorded, and the parameters and ODI scores of two groups compared. RESULTS: The phenomena of PJK emerged average 7.9 months post-operation. The patients' lumbar lordosis reduced and compensatory pelvic appeared backward obviously after PJK emerged. Compared with the control group, lumbar lordosis, pelvic radius-T12 (PR-T12), upper instrumented vertebral angle were small in the PJK group, suggesting more severe lumbar pelvic imbalance. The ODI scores of the PJK group and contral group were 40.6 ± 15.9 and 21.5 ± 15.0 respectively, and the difference was significant. CONCLUSION: PJK after lumbar long segment fixation of elderly patients can aggravate the sagittal imbalance and reduce functional scores. The operator should pay great attention to restoring the lumbo-pelvic lordosis.

Synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions of B(C6F5)3·H2O/amides complex: Application in photoredox catalysis.

B(C6F5)3·H2O has been long recognized as a common Brønsted acid. The lack of X-ray crystal structure of B(C6F5)3·H2O with other substrates has greatly limited the development of a new catalytic mode. In this work, a complex of B(C6F5)3·H2O and amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one with hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions is characterized by X-ray diffraction. Such noncovalent interactions in solution also exist, as verified by NMR, UV-Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission measurements. Moreover, the mixture of amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and B(C6F5)3·H2O, instead of other tested Brønsted acids, shows a tailing absorption band in the visible light region (400-450 nm). Based on the photoactive properties of the complex, a photoredox catalysis is developed to construct α-aminoamides under mild conditions.

Stem Anatomy Confirms Tingia unita Is a Progymnosperm.

Tingia Halle, a representative genus of the Cathaysia Flora, has been studied for nearly 100 years, being a small heterosporous tree based on the gross morphology of Tingia unita. However, the systematic affinity of Tingia is uncertain. Now, a number of well-preserved fossils of T. unita from the Taiyuan Formation of Lower Permian in Wuda Coalfield, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia facilitates an examination of wood anatomy. The stem anatomy of T. unita shows parenchymatous pith, endarch primary xylem, pycnoxylic secondary xylem, and cortex, typically a type of gymnosperm wood, which taken together with pteridophytic reproduction, certainly evidences that Tingia Halle is a progymnosperm. In addition, Tingia together with Paratingia provide strong evidence to link the Noeggerathiales with progymnosperms.

Administration of modified Gegen Qinlian decoction for hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) is a common late complication of irradiation of the pelvis and seriously impairs life quality. There is no standard treatment for hemorrhagic CRP. Medical treatment, interventional treatment, and surgery are available, but they are limited in their applications due to nondefinite efficacy or side effects. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), as a complementary or alternative therapy, may provide another option for hemorrhagic CRP treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old woman with cervical cancer received intensity-modulated radiation therapy and brachytherapy with a total dose of 93 Gy fifteen days after hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy. She received six additional cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Nine months after radiotherapy treatment, she mainly complained of 5-6 times diarrhea daily and bloody purulent stools for over 10 d. After colonoscopy examinations, she was diagnosed with hemorrhagic CRP with a giant ulcer. After assessment, she received CHM treatment. The specific regimen was 150 mL of modified Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) used as a retention enema for 1 mo, followed by replacement with oral administration of 150 mL of modified GQD three times per day for 5 mo. After the whole treatment, her diarrhea reduced to 1-2 times a day. Her rectal tenesmus and mild pain in lower abdomen disappeared. Both colonoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed its significant improvement. During treatment, there were no side effects, such as liver and renal function damage. CONCLUSION: Modified GQD may be another effective and safe option for hemorrhagic CRP patients with giant ulcers.

Two new constituents from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.

Two new constituents: a neolignan, salignan A (1) and a phenolic acid, salside A (2), along with two known compounds (3, 4) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. All structures were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was characterised by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and the IC50 values are 11.58 and 10.73 µM, respectively. Compound 4 displayed moderate antioxidant activity to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, and the IC50 values are 7.96 and 1.10 µM, respectively.