Investigating the theragnostic potential of 131I-caerin peptide in thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Caerin is a new peptide with tumour toxicity and its uptake by tumour cells is independent of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Thyroid cancer is the most common cancers of endocrine malignancy. Radioiodine (131I)-refractory thyroid cancer is the most lethal subtype of the thyroid cancers and remains a clinical challenge. In the current study, we investigated the 131I radiolabeling efficiency of Caerin and the effects of Caerin, 131I-Caerin and free 131I on differentiated and undifferentiated human thyroid cancer cell lines (B-CPAP and CAL-62) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to assess the cytotoxic effect of Caerin, 131I-Caerin and free 131I on B-CPAP and CAL-62 cells. Laser scanning confocal microscope was exploited to evaluate the uptake and internalization of Caerin by thyroid cancer cells. The Chloramine-T method was used to label the peptide with 131I. And the stability and water partition coefficient (Log P) of 131I-Caerin were studied. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that Caerin and 131I-Caerin could be accumulated by B-CPAP and CAL-62 cells, resulting in killing of the thyroid cancer cells in vitro. The efficacy of 131I-Caerin is much higher than 131I, especially to undifferentiated CAL-62 cells. The results prove the feasibility of radioiodination of the 131I-Caerin via the Chloramine-T method. Moreover, the result indicate the hydrophobic 131I-Caerin was stable in 72 hours. CONCLUSION: Iodine-131-Caerin can inhibit the cell viability of thyroid cancer and hold certain promise as a theragnostic tool for human thyroid cancers.

[Effect of Negative Emotions on Serum Levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormones and Neuropeptide Y in Hepatitis B Liver Cirrhosis Patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of negative emotions on serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and neuropeptide Y (NYP) in hepatitis B liver cirrhosis (HBLC) patients. METHODS: Totally 617 HBLC patients were assigned to the negative emotion group (415 cases) and the non-negative emotion group (202 cases) judged by negative emotions. Case numbers of various grading Child-Pugh were recorded in the two groups. Their liver functions were compared between the two groups. Serum levels of ACTH and NPY were detected using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in Child-Pugh grading between the two groups (χ2 = 0.65, P = 0.72). Compared with the non-negative emotional group, serum ACTH levels decreased significantly in the negative emotion group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum ACTH levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The negative emotion of HBLC patients was not related to the serum ACTH level, but to relatively lower-concentration serum NPY levels.

Xiaopiyishen Herbal Extract Granule Improves the Quality of Life among People with Fatigue-Predominant Subhealth and Liver-Qi Stagnation and Spleen-Qi Deficiency Syndrome.

To observe the effects of Xiaopiyishen Herbal Extract Granule (XPYS-HEG) on the quality of life in people with fatigue-predominant subhealth (FPSH) and liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency syndrome, the participants were allocated randomly to the treatment group (XPYS, n = 100) and the control group (placebo, n = 100) in this study. The study period was 18 weeks (6 weeks for the intervention and 12 weeks for followup). The results show that there were no differences between the two groups for the scores of eight factors on the SF-36 (Chinese version of the SF-36 universal quality-of-life scale) at baseline. Compared with the baseline score, intervention with XPYS-HEG led to a significant increase in scores for the factor of bodily pain at the end of the 6th week. Compared with the score at the end of the 6th week, the score for the factor of mental health in the XPYS group significantly increased at the end of the 18th week. Therefore, XPYS-HEG could partially improve the quality of life for people with FPSH and liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency syndrome, which can ease bodily pain, stimulate a positive mood, and ease a negative mood.

[Weighting coefficients of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of corresponding TCM syndrome elements of ulcerative colitis based on expert questionnaire investigation].

OBJECTIVE: To define the weighting coefficients of the symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of corresponding traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements of ulcerative colitis based on expert questionnaire investigation. METHODS: The questionnaire included eight syndrome elements of location and 11 syndrome elements relating to disease characteristics. Experts who answered the questionnaire were titled as associate chief physician or above, and had been practicing as professionals in general practice of medicine of digestive system for a long time. They came from 15 third-grade class-A hospitals (6 provinces and Beijing) in China. The weighting coefficients of the symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of corresponding TCM syndrome elements of ulcerative colitis were identified preliminarily based on consent degree of the experts (mean value and variation coefficient). RESULTS: There were 9, 6, 14, 5, 9, 8, 12 and 2 symptoms and signs corresponding to 8 TCM syndrome elements related to disease location and the ranges of weighting coefficients were listed as follows: liver, from 7.49 to 4.18; heart, from 6.90 to 5.51; spleen, from 7.96 to 5.55; lung, from 6.30 to 5.27; kidney, from 7.82 to 5.71; stomach, from 7.53 to 6.15; large intestine, from 8.40 to 6.70; bowel collaterals, from 8.49 to 6.41. Numbers of symptoms and signs corresponding to 11 TCM syndrome elements related to disease nature were 13, 8, 17, 18, 17, 18, 6, 11, 2, 10 and 11 and the ranges of weighting coefficients were listed as follows: qi deficiency, from 7.44 to 5.60; blood deficiency, from 7.90 to 5.59; yin deficiency, from 6.88 to 4.91; yang deficiency, from 7.54 to 5.57; dampness, from 7.91 to 4.96; excess heat (fire), from 7.13 to 5.69; excess cold, from 7.51 to 6.14; qi stagnation, from 7.38 to 5.88; qi sinking, from 7.65 to 7.43; blood stasis, from 7.60 to 5.79; fluid retention, from 7.08 to 4.46. CONCLUSION: On the basis of previous document research and clinical research in ulcerative colitis, the expert questionnaire can collect consensus opinions of experts. The weighting coefficients of the symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of corresponding TCM syndrome elements of ulcerative colitis are defined preliminarily. Thereby it will lay the foundation for establishing differentiation criteria of ulcerative colitis based on TCM syndrome elements.

Applying latent tree analysis to classify Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes (Zheng) in patients with psoriasis vulgari.

OBJECTIVE: To treat patients with psoriasis vulgaris using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), one must stratify patients into subtypes (known as TCM syndromes or Zheng) and apply appropriate TCM treatments to different subtypes. However, no unified symptom-based classification scheme of subtypes (Zheng) exists for psoriasis vulgaris. The present paper aims to classify patients with psoriasis vulgaris into different subtypes via the analysis of clinical TCM symptom and sign data. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Beijing from 2005-2008, collecting clinical TCM symptom and sign data from 2764 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Roughly 108 symptoms and signs were initially analyzed using latent tree analysis, with a selection of the resulting latent variables then used as features to cluster patients into subtypes. RESULTS: The initial latent tree analysis yielded a model with 43 latent variables. The second phase of the analysis divided patients into three subtype groups with clear TCM Zheng connotations: 'blood deficiency and wind dryness'; 'blood heat'; and 'blood stasis'. CONCLUSIONS: Via two-phase analysis of clinic symptom and sign data, three different Zheng subtypes were identified for psoriasis vulgaris. Statistical characteristics of the three subtypes are presented. This constitutes an evidence-based solution to the syndromedifferentiation problem that exists with psoriasis vulgaris.

[Study on the quantization diagnostic method for immunoglobulin A nephropathy of qi-yin deficiency syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the method for establishing a quantization diagnostic standard for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy of qi-yin deficiency syndrome (QYDS). METHODS: 1,016 patients with primary IgA nephropathy were recruited in this study. They were randomly assigned to the training sample group (344 cases of QYDS and 456 cases of non-QYDS) and the testing sample group (77 cases of QYDS and 139 cases of non-QYDS) using SPSS software. On the basis of epidemiological survey, the typing standards for QYDS and common clinical symptoms were taken as candidate correlated factors. The correlated factors were selected using binary Logistic stepwise regression. The correlated factors were scored using conditional probability conversion method. The threshold value of the quantization diagnostics was determined using maximum likelihood method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to calculate the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rating. The retrospective and prospective tests were performed on the established quantization diagnostic standard for QYDS. RESULTS: The quantization diagnosis threshold value of IgA nephropathy of QYDS was 12 points. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rating of the quantization diagnostic standard were 75.3%, 68.0%, and 71.1% in the retrospective test, as well as 60.4%, 84.4%, and 69.0% in the prospective tests. The AUC was 0.80 and 0.78 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It was a feasible method to set up a quantization diagnostic standard for IgA nephropathy of QYDS by taking the occurrence frequency of symptoms. But this method failed to cover the strength information of symptoms.

[Effects of Xiaopi Yishen herbal extract granules in treatment of fatigue-predominant subhealth due to liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical trial].

BACKGROUND: The demand for effective intervention for subhealth conditions is growing with increasing numbers of people being in a state of subhealth with a poor quality of life. Future research and evaluation of the treatment methods for subhealth conditions from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may provide an important direction for developing effective management of these conditions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaopi Yishen herbal extract granules (XPYS-HEG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for relieving fatigue and promoting a cheerful spirit for the treatment of people with fatigue-predominant subhealth due to liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency. DESIGN, SETTING PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: A multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study was undertaken. The study period was 18 weeks, including 6 weeks for intervention and 12 weeks for follow-up. Participants were recruited from medical center and outpatient clinics of three hospitals in China, i.e. Xiaotangshan Hospital of Beijing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM and the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of TCM. Two hundred participants who met the criteria of fatigue-predominant subhealth and liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency in TCM were allocated randomly to the treatment group (XPYS, n=100) and control group (placebo, n=100). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total score of Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14) was used to evaluate the fatigue status of subjects and the extent of liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency syndrome was also recorded. RESULTS: Three cases in the XPYS group withdrew from the trial. There were 200 subjects who entered to full analysis set (FAS) analysis and 197 subjects fitted in the per-protocol set (PPS) analysis. (1) According to the score changes of FS-14, the effectiveness rates in the XPYS and placebo group were as follows: 14.0% vs 9.0% (FAS) and 14.4% vs 9.0% (PPS) for complete remission, 19.0% vs 15.0% (FAS) and 19.6% vs 15.0% (PPS) for obvious effects, 39.0% vs 26.0% (FAS) and 39.2% vs 26.0% (PPS) for effective, and 72.0% vs 50.0% (FAS) and 73.2% vs 50.0% (PPS) for complete efficacy. The efficacy of XPYS-HEG was superior to the placebo statistically (P<0.05). (2) According to the score changes of TCM syndrome, the effectiveness rates in the XPYS group and placebo group were as follows: 1.0% vs 0.0% (FAS) and 1.0% vs 0.0% (PPS) for complete remission, 20.0% vs 7.0% (FAS) and 19.6% vs 7.0% (PPS) for obvious effects, 29.0% vs 24.0% (FAS) and 29.9% vs 24.0% (PPS) for effective, and 50.0% vs 31.0% (FAS) and 50.5% vs 31.0% (PPS) for complete efficacy. The efficacy of XPYS-HEG was superior to that of placebo statistically (P<0.05). (3) The follow-up results at 12 weeks and 18 weeks showed that the efficacy of XPYS-HEG was superior to that of placebo statistically (P<0.05). (4) No adverse effects were found in the XPYS group. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that XPYS-HEG is effective and safe for the treatment of people with fatigue-predominant subhealth due to liver-qi stagnation and spleen-qi deficiency.

[Common syndrome factors of menopausal syndrome based on questionnaire investigation among experts].

OBJECTIVE: To select the common syndrome factors of menopausal syndrome through questionnaire investigation among experts. METHODS: Firstly, a questionnaire was constructed on the basis of our previous research, and then investigation of the experts by the questionnaire was carried out. The experts came from twelve tertiary hospitals (6 cities) in China, and engaged in clinical practice of gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The common TCM syndrome factors of menopausal syndrome were selected based on consent degree of the experts in mean value, full marks ratio, rank sum and variation coefficient. RESULTS: One hundred sets of the questionnaires were sent out and ninety-eight sets were returned back. The callback rate was 98%. In accordance with cumulative percentage of expert agreement and complete agreement more than 50% and the coefficient variation less than 0.25, we confirmed the common TCM syndrome factors of menopause syndrome. The syndrome factors related to disease location were kidney, liver, heart, and spleen, and those related to the nature of disease were yin deficiency, deficiency of essence, yang deficiency, hyperactivity of yang, qi deficiency, qi stagnation, blood deficiency, and blood stasis. CONCLUSION: Expert consultation questionnaire can collect consensus opinions of experts and is effective for identifying common TCM syndrome factors of a disease. The TCM syndrome factors acquired through the study may provide the evidence for establishment of TCM syndrome diagnosis criteria for the disease in future.

[Common syndrome factors of traditional Chinese medicine in chronic renal failure based on the questionnaire investigation among experts].

OBJECTIVE: To screen common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome factors of chronic renal failure (CRF) via questionnaire investigation among experts. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed based on the results of our previous researches. The investigation was carried out with the questionnaire among experts who are engaged in clinical research and treatment of nephrosis with the title of chief or associate chief physician from 15 hospitals in China. Common TCM syndrome factors of CRF were obtained based on the data analysis of the mean value on general evaluation, cumulative percentage and coefficient of variation. RESULTS: A total of 114 sets of the questionnaire were sent out and all of them were returned back, 113 of which were effective. The recovery rate is 100%. The TCM syndrome factors were regarded as common factors of CRF syndrome if the cumulative percentage was more than or equal to 60% and the coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 0.35. The syndrome factors related to the disease location were the kidney, spleen, stomach, heart, and lung; the syndrome factors related to the disease type were dampness, turbid toxin, blood stasis, water retention, and phlegm which belong to excess type, and qi deficiency, yin deficiency, yang deficiency, blood deficiency, and essence deficiency which belong to deficiency type. CONCLUSION: The common TCM syndrome factors of CRF were obtained from the representative experts through the questionnaire investigation among the experts. The results enable us to have a deeper understanding of the disease in view of TCM compared with the previous literature data and may contribute to the establishment of TCM syndrome diagnosis criteria of the disease in the future.

[Distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and their elements in people with subhealth fatigue].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and their elements in people with subhealth fatigue. METHODS: The TCM symptoms in line with the diagnostic criteria of subhealth fatigue status were collected by clinical investigations and using information collection form based on TCM four diagnostic methods. Referred to Clinical Guidelines of Chinese Medicine on Subhealth and other related standards, the syndrome type was identified in accordance with clinical symptoms of each patient with subhealth fatigue by two physicians. The data of syndrome differentiation were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 81 syndrome types from 495 cases of subhealth fatigue. There were 24 syndrome types after separation, and the top ten were liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, stagnation of liver qi, hyperactivity of liver fire, disharmony between liver and stomach, damp obstruction due to spleen deficiency, deficiency of both heart and spleen, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, stagnation of gallbladder and disturbance of phlegm, and internal disturbance of phlegm-heat. There were 17 syndrome elements, including seven disease location elements and ten disease nature elements. The disease location elements were liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, heart, gallbladder and lung. The disease nature elements were qi stagnation, qi deficiency, exuberance of fire (heat), damp obstruction, phlegm obstruction, yin deficiency, adverse flow of qi, yang deficiency, blood deficiency, and blood stasis. CONCLUSION: Syndrome types of subhealth fatigue involve in deficiency syndrome, excess syndrome, and mixture of deficiency and excess syndromes. The syndrome elements of disease location involve five zang organs and two fu organs, and the liver and spleen were the most frequently involved organs. The syndrome elements of disease nature involve deficiency and excess. Qi stagnation is most frequently involved in the excess syndrome, and qi deficiency is most frequently involved in the deficiency syndrome.

[Exploration on the concept and category of sub-health and Chinese medicine "treating pre-disease" doctrine and the relationship between them].

Based on disserting the concept and category of sub-health state and the Chinese medicine "treating pre-disease" doctrine, the relationship between them was discussed. The authors considered that the sub-health state belongs to the categories of "treating pre-disease"; the thinking and theoretical system can be used to guide the identification and intervention of sub-health, and the research on sub-health may further complement and develop the connotation and theoretical system of "treating pre-disease".

[Distribution characteristics of common syndrome types and syndrome elements extracted by experts' experience in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution characteristics of common syndrome types and syndrome elements of menopause syndrome in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women on the basis of standardized syndrome differentiation extracted by experts' experiences. METHODS: A total of 1 582 outpatients with menopause syndrome who met with the diagnosis and inclusion criteria in seven grade 3 hospitals from October 2006 to June 2007 were included. A clinical epidemiological survey in the patients was carried out. The syndrome elements of disease location and characteristics were extracted and analyzed statistically by standardizing the syndrome differentiation of experts' experience in traditional Chinese medicine. RESULTS: There were 105 syndrome types after initial standardization, and the common syndrome types were kidney yin deficiency, deficiency of liver and kidney yin, stagnation of liver qi, and deficiency of both kidney yin and yang. Six syndrome elements of the disease location were extracted, among which the common elements were kidney, liver, spleen and heart. Seventeen syndrome elements of the disease characteristics were extracted, among which the common elements were yin deficiency, qi stagnation, qi deficiency, yang deficiency and deficiency. Syndrome types of stagnation of liver qi, deficiency of spleen and kidney, and qi stagnation were more frequently diagnosed during perimenopausal period, while the syndrome type of kidney yin deficiency was more frequently diagnosed during postmenopausal period, and the kidney was the main disease location. The distribution characteristics of the other syndrome types and elements were similar during the two periods. CONCLUSION: The syndrome type distribution in women with menopause syndrome is complex, while the syndrome element distribution is simple. Generally, the syndrome type and syndrome element distributions during perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are similar, but there are significant differences in some syndrome types and syndrome elements between the two periods. All of these can give support for revealing the distribution rule of the common syndrome types and syndrome elements and give a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of menopause syndrome.

[A perspective of developing syndrome diagnostic criteria based on syndrome factors and combination of disease in modern medicine system and syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine system].

Syndrome differentiation treatment is the traditional model of diagnosis and treatment of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). To establish scientific diagnostic criteria of TCM syndrome is one of the key points in TCM study. In this paper, the basic models of the relevant diagnostic criteria of TCM syndrome and existed problems were reviewed. The authors pointed out the advantages of establishing diagnostic criteria of TCM syndrome based on TCM syndrome factors and combination of disease in Western medicine system and TCM syndrome, in which not only the characteristics of the disease in Western medicine were considered, but also the complexity and flexibility of syndrome identification and convenient application in clinical practice were resolved. The basic model and frame of the above diagnostic criteria and the procedures and methods used in developing the diagnostic criteria were also described and discussed.

[Sub-health state and chronic fatigue syndrome].

This paper points out that the sub-health state is not equal to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) on basis of elaborating the concept and category of sub-health. And the present understanding on concepts of fatigue, chronic fatigue and CFS, as well as the diagnosis criteria and differential diagnosis of CFS are discussed systematically.

[Estimation on the reliability and validity of the fatigue self-assessment scale].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reliability and validity of the Fatigue Self-assessment Scale (FSAS). METHODS: The scale was applied among the participants assigned to 4 groups, the differences in types, degrees and characteristics of fatigue of them were compared, and the reliability and constitutional validity of ESAS were assessed by internal consistency analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using the statistical software of SPSS and LISREL. RESULTS: Statistical differences of types, degrees and characteristics of fatigue presented in the participants of the 4 groups. The Cronbach's alpha of various factors in the scale were 0.772-0.908; the indexes for the section of assessing type, and degree of fatigue were RMSEA=0.065, NNFI=0.95, CFI=0.96; and those for the section of assessing characteristics of fatigue were: RMSEA=0.10, NNFI=0.93, CFI=0.96. CONCLUSION: The FSAS has good differentiability, reliability and constitutional validity for assessing the type, degree and characteristics of fatigue in various populations. In order to explore the relationship of TCM syndrome patterns with the type, degree and characteristics of fatigue, its future application for evaluation of fatigue and intervention effect of anti-fatigue should be combined with TCM syndrome differentiation.

[Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and their element distributions in sub-health status: a modern literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and their element distributions in sub-health status. METHODS: Literatures on sub-health in past 20 years were collected, and a data bank was set up by using EpiData 2.0. The frequencies of syndromes and their elements were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: Out of the 50 syndromes obtained from the standardization of syndrome nomenclature, and the top three were stagnation of liver-qi, deficiency of both heart and spleen, and deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin. Spleen, liver and kidney were the top three of all the 14 disease locations. Qi-deficiency, qi-stagnation and damp pathogen were the top three pathogenicity types. CONCLUSION: Although the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in sub-health status are scattered in the distribution, the main syndromes take up a leading proportion and their elements are concise and concentrated in distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to make a standard study on traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in sub-health status from syndrome elements.

[FTIR and thermal analysis study of GAP and GAP/B].

The thermal decomposition of GAP and GAP/B in air and nitrogen were studied by FTIR and TG-DTG. The analysis by FTIR and TG-DTG shows that the azide group elimination reactions of GAP begin at about 170 degrees C and finish around 250 degrees C, and the depolymerization of GAP delays by 40 degrees C; Boron changes the mechanism of thermal decomposition process of GAP, and the results show that GAP/B starts losing mass between 55 and 70 degrees C, which is much earlier than GAP itself does. Furthermore, the depolymerization of GAP almost takes place at the same temperature with the azide group elimination. Some kinetics parameters of the reactions were calculated based on Kissinger's processing methods. The results show that the activation energies of the thermal decomposition of GAP and GAP/B are lower and the reactions are easier to occur under air. The possible reason is that the oxygen containing thermal decomposition of GAP has happened.

Pain-Induced Pulsograph Changes in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Pilot Study.

Objectives. To investigate changes in pulsograph caused by pain in primary dysmenorrhea (PD) patients. Methods. Pulsograph and pain level of PD patients were detected using electropulsograph and Visual-Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, at four time points, 7-10 days before menstruation (T0), maximal pain during menstruation (T1), immediately after acupuncture analgesia (T2), and 30 mins after acupuncture analgesia (T3). Parameters (t, h, w) and normalized time parameters (t') of pulsograph were analyzed. Results. VAS pain scores decreased from 6.40 ± 1.13 at T1 to 0.70 ± 0.75 at T2 to 0.11 ± 0.32 at T3 (P < 0.001 and 0.001). At T1, compared with those at T0, w1, h3, and h4 significantly increased (P < 0.01), and t2, t2', t3', and h(d) significantly decreased (P < 0.01, 0.001, 0.05, and 0.001). At T2, compared with those at T1, t1, w1, w2, h2, h3, t1', and t4' significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.01, 0.001, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.05), and h(d) significantly increased (P < 0.001). There was no difference between T2 and T3. Conclusions. There are almost opposite changing trends in pulsographic parameters when pain occurs and when it is relieved in PD patients.

Intervention Effect of Baduanjin Exercise on the Fatigue State in People with Fatigue-Predominant Subhealth: A Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of a Baduanjin exercise intervention on fatigue in people with fatigue-predominant subhealth (FPSH). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 131 participants were included in this cohort study. Those who met the inclusion criteria were grouped into the Baduanjin cohort (n=64) or the control cohort (n=67). INTERVENTION: The Baduanjin cohort exercised for 30 minutes twice a day for 6 weeks; the control cohort received no treatments. The study period was 18 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: The fatigue states of all participants were evaluated by using the Fatigue Self-Assessment Scale (FSAS) at baseline, the fourth and sixth weeks of treatment, and during post-treatment follow-ups at the end of the 12th and 18th weeks. RESULTS: The scores for the six factors on the FSAS at baseline did not significantly differ between the two groups. In the Baduanjin cohort, the total score on the FSAS (TSF) and scores for physical fatigue (PF), mental fatigue (MF), consequence of fatigue (CF), and response of fatigue to sleep and rest (RFSAR) were significantly decreased at the end of the sixth week. These patients also had significantly decreased scores for TSF, PF, MF, and CF at baseline, at the end of the fourth and sixth weeks of the intervention, and during post-treatment follow-ups at the end of the 12th and 18th weeks. No adverse effects of treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that Baduanjin exercise has an effect on relieving fatigue in patients with FPSH.