[Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of Shenshao Capsules in treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease].

The efficacy and safety of Shenshao Capsules in combination with conventional western medicine for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease were systematically evaluated. Computer search of seven databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trial(RCT) on Shenshao Capsules for the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease up to December 2023. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were screened, and data was extracted. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata/SE 15.1 software, and evidence quality was rated by the GRADE system. TSA 0.9.5.10 beta software was used for the trial sequential analysis(TSA). Twelve RCTs, with a total of 1 128 participants(567 in the experimental group and 561 in the control group), were included. Meta-analysis showed that Shenshao Capsules + conventional western medicine significantly improved clinical efficacy(RR=1.20, 95%CI[1.15, 1.26], P<0.000 01) and electrocardiogram efficacy(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.04, 1.30], P=0.01), reduced the frequency of weekly angina pectoris attacks(MD=-2.85, 95%CI[-5.27,-0.43], P=0.02), daily angina pectoris attacks(MD=-0.30, 95%CI[-0.57,-0.03], P=0.03) and the duration of angina pectoris attacks(RR=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.44,-1.12], P=0.000 1). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups(RR=1.33, 95%CI[0.71, 2.51], P=0.37). TSA indicated that the cumulative evidence for clinical efficacy exceeded the traditional boundary but did not exceed the TSA boundary, suggesting a potential false positive result. According to GRADE assessment, except for clinical efficacy, which was rated as low-quality evidence, the remaining outcomes were rated as very low-quality evidence. The results indicate that Shenshao Capsules + conventional western medicine may have certain advantages in improving clinical efficacy and electrocardiographic efficacy, reducing the frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks. However, due to the limitations of this study, more rigorous and high-quality RCT is needed to validate its efficacy and safety.

[Evidence map of clinical research on Chinese patent medicines for post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure].

An evidence map was established to comprehensively sort out the clinical research in the treatment of post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure(P-AMI-HF) with Chinese patent medicines, so as to reveal the distribution of evidence in this field. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMbase were searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT), systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and guidelines/consensus in this field. The evidence was analyzed and displayed in the form of a combination of text, charts, bubble charts, and bar charts, and the quality of RCT, systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and guidelines/consensus were evaluated by RoB 1.0, AMSTAR2, and AGREE Ⅱ, respectively. A total of 163 RCTs, 4 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, 1 network Meta-analysis, 2 observational studies, and 5 guidelines/consensus were included. In recent years, the total number of publications in this field has shown an upward trend. There were a variety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of P-AMI-HF, among which Shenfu Injection received the most attention. The clinical RCT and systematic reviews/Meta-analysis generally had poor quality, and the RCT mostly had a small size, a single center, and a short cycle. The outcome indicators mainly included cardiac function indicators, myocardial injury markers, total response rate, hemodynamic indicators, and safety indicators, while the characteristic efficacy indicators of TCM received insufficient attention. The development processes of some guidelines/consensus lack standardization, which compromised their authority and rationality. Chinese patent medicines have advantages in the treatment of P-AMI-HF, while there are also problems, which remain to be solved by more high-quality evidence. That is, more large-sample and multi-center clinical studies should be carried out in the future, and the formulation process of relevant systematic reviews/Meta-analysis and guideline/consensus should be standardized and the quality of evidence should be improved. In this way, the effectiveness and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of P-AMI-HF can be explored.

[Network Meta-analysis of Chinese patent medicine in treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction].

This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of different Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF) and ranked for the drug selection. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) on Chinese patent medicines in treatment of HFpEF were obtained from the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, and other databases from the inception to October 9, 2022. The included RCT was quantitatively analyzed using gemtc and rjags packages of R software for the network Meta-analysis. 74 RCTs were included, with a total of 7 192 patients enrolled, involving 11 different Chinese patent medicines(Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, Qili Qiangxin Capsules, Shexiang Baoxin Pills, Xuezhikang Capsules, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Polyphenols Injection, Tanshinone Ⅱ_A Sulfonate Injection, Xinmailong Injection, Yangxinshi Tablets, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills, and Yixinshu Capsules). The results of network Meta-analysis are shown as followed.(1)In terms of improving clinical effective rate, for injection preparations, Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine was recommended. while for oral preparations, Shexiang Baoxin Pills + conventional western medicine, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills + conventional western medicine, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were preferred.(2)In terms of improving the mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity(E/A), for injection preparations, Shenmai Injection + Salvia Miltiorrhiza Polyphenols Injection + conventional western medicine, Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine, Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine were preferred. While for oral preparations, Yixinshu Capsules + conventional western medicine was preferred.(3)In terms of reducing the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow to early diastolic mitral annular velocity(E/e'), Shenfu Injection + conventional western medicine could be used as injection preparation, and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine, Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills + conventional western medicine for oral preparations.(4)In terms of improving 6-minute walking trail(6MWT), the injection preparations such as Shenmai Injection + conventional western medicine, Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine were suitable, while oral preparations like Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills + conventional western medicine, Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were recommended.(5)In terms of reducing N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine were preferred.(6)In terms of reducing B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), Xinmailong Injection + conventional western medicine could be used for injection preparation and Qili Qiangxin Capsules + conventional western medicine can be used for oral preparation. In terms of adverse drug reactions, there was no significant difference between Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western conventional and traditional western medicine alone. The results showe that Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional western medicine in treating HFpEF is superior to conventional western medicine alone in reducing clinical symptoms, improving cardiac function, and improving exercise tolerance, which also has good drug safety. However, the existing evidence is still limited by the quality and quantity of included studies, so the above conclusion requires further validation through more prospective RCT.

Azospirillum Aestuarii sp. nov., a Novel Nitrogen-Fixting and Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from an Estuary of a Freshwater River.

A novel Gram-staining negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM DDC1T, was isolated from an estuary sediment sample of Dongda River flowing into Dianchi lake in Yunnan, southwest China. The strain displayed growth at 10-40 °C (optimum of 28 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum of 7.0-8.0) and in presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum of 0-1%). Strain YIM DDC1T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified aminolipids as the predominant polar lipids; the ubiquinone 10 as the major respiratory quinone; and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C18:1 2-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. Analysis of 16S rRNA showed that YIM DDC1T represents a member of the genus Azospirillum, and was closely related to A. brasilense ATCC 29145 T (98.9%), A. baldaniorum Sp245T (98.2%), A. argentinense Az39T (98.2%) and A. formosense CC-Nfb-7 T (98.2%). The draft genome size was 7.15 Mbp with a 68.4% G + C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM DDC1T and the aforementioned closely related strains exhibited similarity in the range of 93.8-93.5% and 53.7-52.7%, respectively. nif gene cluster (nifHDK) and denitrification genes ((napA, nirS, nirK, norBC and nosZ) detected in the genome indicated its potential nitrogen fixation and full-fledged denitrifying function. Based on combined genotypic and phenotypic data, strain YIM DDC1T represents a novel species of the genus Azospirillum, for which the name Azospirillum aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM DDC1T (= KCTC 42887 T = CGMCC 1.17325 T).

[Evidence mapping of clinical research on prevention and treatment of essential hypertension with Chinese patent medicines in recent six years].

In this study, the evidence mapping was employed to systematically analyze the clinical research literature and learn the distribution of evidence on the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension with Chinese patent medicines in recent six years. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for the relevant literature published from January 2016 to December 2021. The distribution characteristics of evidence were analyzed and presented in charts combined with words. A total of 263 studies were selected, including 238 intervention studies, 17 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and 8 observation studies. A total of 72 Chinese patent medicines were involved, among which Songling Xuemaikang Capsules had the highest frequency. In China, the attention to the treatment of essential hypertension with Chinese patent medicines was insufficient, as manifested by the declining number of published literature and the low quality of studies. There were cases of off-label use and medication without syndrome differentiation in clinical practice. Some outcome indicators failed to embody the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and there were cases ignoring the end-point outcome indicators. The overall quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis was low, and a variety of studies failed to draw valid conclusions. In the future, it is necessary to standardize the clinical medication and improve the quality of randomized controlled trial(RCT), so as to produce high-quality evidence-based medical evidence and provide strong support for the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension.

Comparison of the Bulk and Rhizosphere Soil Prokaryotic Communities Between Wild and Reintroduced Manglietiastrum sinicum Plants, a Threatened Species with Extremely Small Populations.

Huagaimu (Manglietiastrum sinicum) trees are critically endangered species and classified as a plant species with extremely small populations in China. Rhizospheres and bulk soils prokaryotic communities play an important role to protect and promote plants health and growth. However, the compositions and structures of prokaryotic communities in wild and reintroduced M. sinicum rhizospheres and bulk soils are still poorly understood. In the present study, prokaryotic communities in wild and reintroduced M. sinicum rhizospheres and bulk soils were compared using high-throughput sequencing. Thirty-two phyla, 76 classes, 193 orders, 296 families, and 470 genera of prokaryotes were obtained. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the two most abundant phyla in all soil samples. The compositions and structures of prokaryotic communities were overall similar, and the abundance of some taxa varied significantly among soil samples. Soil prokaryotic communities were significantly affected by soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Eleven of predicted functions were significantly different among the four soil groups. This study provides for the first insights into the compositions, structures, and potential functions of prokaryotic communities associated with wild and reintroduced M. sinicum rhizospheres and bulk soils, and providing a foundation for future research to help protect this endangered species.

[Systematic evaluation and trail sequential analysis of efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Granules in treatment of essential hypertension and its accompanying symptoms].

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension and its accompanying symptoms. PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, and China biomedical database(CBD) were searched to screen out from the establishment of the database to April 2020 about the clinical randomized controlled trials of Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension and accompanying symptoms. The articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software was used for sequential analysis, and GRADE 3.6 was used for evidence quality evaluation. A total of 4 532 patients were included in 34 randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis results showed that: Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional anti-hypertensive agents reduced systolic blood pressure(MD=-10.56, 95%CI[-13.63,-7.50], P<0.000 01) and diastolic blood pressure(MD=-8.21, 95%CI[-10.84,-5.59], P<0.000 01), improved total effective rate(RR=1.21, 95%CI[1.14, 1.29], P<0.000 01), improved patients dizziness(RR=1.29, 95%CI[1.21, 1.37], P<0.000 01), insomnia(RR=1.66, 95%CI[1.44, 1.91], P<0.000 01), headache(RR=1.32, 95%CI[1.21, 1.43], P<0.000 01), chest distress(RR=1.26, 95%CI[1.12, 1.42], P=0.000 1), memory loss(RR=1.24, 95%CI[1.10, 1.40], P=0.000 4), palpitation(RR=1.28, 95%CI[1.17, 1.41], P<0.000 01), and improved traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores(MD=-4.24, 95%CI[-5.25,-3.23], P<0.000 01) and headache symptom improvement scores(MD=-2.02, 95%CI[-2.51,-1.53], P<0.000 01) as compared with Western medicine group alone. Subgroup analysis results showed that Yang-xue Qingnao Granules combined with ACEI drug had more obvious effects in lowering systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions, and no abnormal liver and kidney function was observed in each study. Trial sequential analysis showed that the total effective rate was cumulative across the traditional and TSA thresholds, further confirming its clinical efficacy. The evidence level was mostly low or extremely low in GRADE evaluation. The clinical application of Yangxue Qingnao Granules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension and its accompanying symptoms is clear and safe, so it is recommended for clinical application.

[Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction].

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Seven Chinese and English databases, namely CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, were retrieved from the establishment of the database to March 2020. Randomized controlled trials for Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction were screened out. Cochrane collaboration network bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the literature quality of the studies included, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 926 relevant literatures were retrieved, and 12 studies were finally included, involving 972 patients, including 486 patients in the treatment group and 486 patients in the control group. The quality of the literatures included was generally low. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine could decrease the levels of BNP(SMD=-5.90, 95%CI[-8.45,-3.36], P<0.000 01) and NT-proBNP(SMD=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.13,-1.43], P<0.000 01) and decrease the levels of cTnI(SMD=-2.91, 95%CI[-4.21,-1.60], P<0.000 1), increase LVEF(MD=4.67, 95%CI[4.19, 5.16], P<0.000 01), increased 6 MWT(MD=73.90, 95%CI[67.51, 80.28], P<0.000 01], decreased LVEDD(MD=-5.46, 95%CI[-9.66,-1.25], P=0.01), reduce the level of serum inflammatory factor(hs-CRP, CRP, IL-6). In terms of safety, less adverse reactions occurred in the study, with no impact on the treatment. The results showed that clinical use of Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction can further alleviate clinical symptoms and relevant indexes, with less adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in quantity and quality of the clinical studies included, the positive results can only be used as a hint and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and more high-quality studies are needed to further confirm its efficacy.

[Systematic evaluation of efficacy and safety of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules in treatment of essential hypertension].

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension. PubMed, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were retrieved from the establishment of the database to February 2020 for clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of essential hypertension. The literatures were screened out according to the inclusion criteria, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 3 100 patients in 27 RCTs were enrolled. According to Meta-analysis, Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with conventional Western medicine could effectively reduce systolic blood pressure(MD=-7.88,95%CI[-9.68,-6.08],P<0.000 01) and diastolic blood pressure(MD=-7.85, 95%CI[-9.07,-6.62], P<0.000 01), triglyceride(MD=-0.46, 95%CI[-0.66,-0.26], P<0.000 01) and total cholesterol(MD=-0.92, 95%CI[-1.49,-0.35], P=0.001), but increase HDL cholesterol(MD=0.51, 95%CI[0.28, 0.73], P<0.000 01), with a better effect than the Western medicine group alone. The results of LDL-C analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups(MD=-0.91, 95%CI[-1.82, 0.01], P=0.05). The subgroup analysis suggested that reduced systolic blood pressure may be related to the use of ARB. There was a close correlation between CCB drugs and the decrease of diastolic blood pressure. In addition, there was no significant difference in the compliance and the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinical application of Songling Xuemaikang Capsules combined with Western medicine in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension has clear efficacy and certain safety. More clinical randomized controlled trials are needed for verification in the future.

[Key points of post-marketing evaluation of classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions based on combination of disease and syndrome].

Classic prescriptions, hospital preparations and famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) experience prescriptions are the main sources of new drug development and innovation. The multi-components and multi-targets treatment characteristics of TCM are advantages, but at the same time, broad indications, unclear clinical positioning and lack of evidence-based evidence support are the key problems affecting the play of TCM efficacy and restricting its promotion and application. The hot in recent research was to how to break through the bottleneck, precise clinical positioning, highlight the advantages of the classic TCM prescriptions, and complete the transformation from clinical practice, clinical research to clinical evidence, but at the same time, it is also the difficulty. The clinical research model of the combination of disease and syndrome can fully reflect the ancient medical case evidence of classic TCM prescriptions, the historical experience of human used and the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and highlight the advantages of Chinese medicine. At the same time, under the modern disease classification system and research mode, is conducive to established the standardized clinical evidence report and evaluation system, is conducive to promote the integration of clinical research evidence, and avoids excessive attenuation of information. Based on the previous work of our team, the intention of this study was to make a comment about the key points of the post-marketing evaluation of the classic TCM prescriptions under the combination of disease and syndrome and includes key points:(1)With the syndrome as the carrier, connected with the classical prescription and clinical diseases, focused on the clinical positioning on macroscopically.(2)The combination of syndrome visualization, standardization and pharmacological molecular basis, focus on clinical precise positioning in microscopic.(3)Innovating therapeutic effect evaluation methods, reflecting the curative effect characteristics based on syndrome differentiation.(4)The combination of "randomized controlled evidence-based studies" and "real world evidence-based evaluation", focusing on clinical advantages, fully evidence-based evidence.(5)Make full use of clinical registration studies and pay attention to safety.

Lampropedia aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from the estuary of a freshwater river.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated strain YIM MLB12T, was isolated from estuary sediment sampled at Maliao River where it flows into a plateau lake (Dianchi) in Yunnan, south-west PR China. Cells were non-motile and rod-shaped. Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5-2 %). Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM MLB12T formed a tight phylogenic lineage with members of the genus Lampropedia and was closely related to 'Lampropedia puyangensis' 2-bin with 98.3 % sequence similarity and had low similarities to the type strains of Lampropediahyalina ATCC 11041T (96 %) and Lampropedia cohaerens CT6T (95.5 %). Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YIM MLB12T and 'L. puyangensis' KCTC 32235 were 76.5 and 22.6 %, respectively. Strain YIM MLB12T contained ubiquinone-8 as the major quinone. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, C10 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C12 : 0 3-OH and C14 : 0. The polar lipid profile of strain YIM MLB12T was composed predominantly of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major polyamine was spermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM MLB12T was 56.8 mol%. Based on its genotypic and chemotaxonomic features and results of phenotypic analyses, strain YIM MLB12T represents a novel species of the genus Lampropedia, for which the name Lampropediaaestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM MLB12T (=KCTC 42886T=CGMCC 1.17071T).

Two novel L2HGDH mutations identified in a rare Chinese family with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

BACKGROUND: L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA) is a rare organic aciduria neurometabolic disease that is inherited as an autosomal recessive mode and have a variety of symptoms, such as psychomotor developmental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral symptoms as well as increased concentrations of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in the plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The causative gene of L-2-HGA is L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene (L2HGDH), which consists of 10 exons. CASE PRESENTATION: We presented a rare patient primary diagnosis of L-2-HGA based on the clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results. Mutational analysis of the L2HGDH gene was performed on the L-2-HGA patient and his parents, which revealed two novel mutations in exon 3: a homozygous missense mutation (c.407 A > G, p.K136R) in both the maternal and paternal allele, and a heterozygous frameshift mutation [c.407 A > G, c.408 del G], (p.K136SfsX3) in the paternal allele. The mutation site p.K136R of the protein was located in the pocket of the FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain and predicted to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION: We predicted the homozygous missense mutation (c.407 A > G, p.K136R) was considered as the pathogenic mutation of the patient. The study highlights the power of pedigree analysis in order to interpret novel mutations.

MiR-384 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer by targeting AKT3.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that MiRNAs play essential roles in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aberrant expression of miR-384 has been reported in some cancers. However, the role and mechanism of miR-384 in CRC proliferation remains unknown. METHODS: The expression of miR-384 was detected in CRC and their paired normal tissues by real-time PCR. In vivo and in vitro assays were conducted to confirm the role of miR-384 in the proliferation of CRC. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, western blot and in vitro assays were used to confirm that AKT3 was the target gene of miR-384. Finally, Spearman's correlation analyses was carried out to analyze the relationship between miR-384 expression and AKT3 expression in CRC. RESULTS: MiR-384 was down­regulated in CRC tissues. The in vivo and vitro functional assays verified that the ectopic upregulation of miR-384 inhibited the proliferation of CRC and the inhibition of miR-384 promoted the proliferation of CRC. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, western blot and in vitro functional assays confirmed AKT3 as the target gene of miR-384. The expression of miR-384 was negatively correlated with the expressions of AKT3. CONCLUSION: Our study verified that miR-384 could significantly suppress the proliferation of CRC by directing targeting AKT3.

miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1 and MAPK1.

BACKGROUND: miRNAs are regarded as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC), a series of miRNAs have been proven to involve into CRC carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Aberrant miR-422a expression and its roles have been reported in some cancers. However, the function and underlying mechanism of miR-422a in the progression of CRC remain largely unknown. METHODS: Real-time PCR were used to quantify miR-422a expression in CRC tissues. Both vivo and vitro functional assays showed miR-422a inhibits CRC cell proliferation. Target prediction program (miRBase) and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the target genes AKT1 and MAPK1 of miR-422a. Specimens from 50 patients with CRC were analyzed for the correlation between the expression of miR-422a and the expression of the target genes AKT1 and MAPK1 by real-time PCR. RESULTS: MiR-422a was down­regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-422a inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth ability; inhibition of endogenous miR-422a, by contrast, promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth ability of CRC cells. MiR-422a directly targets 3'-UTR of the AKT1 and MAPK1, down-regulation of miR-422a led to the activation of Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation in CRC. In addition, miR-422a expression was negatively correlated with the expressions of AKT1 and MAPK1 in CRC tissues. CONCLUSION: miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1 and MAPK1.

Mongoliibacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a haloalkalitolerant bacterium of the family Cyclobacteriaceae isolated from a haloalkaline lake.

A novel haloalkalitolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM 4-4T, was isolated from the surface water of the Dugerno lake, a haloalkaline lake in Inner Mongolia. The taxonomy of strain YIM 4-4T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM 4-4T was Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and formed red colonies. Optimal growth conditions were 28 °C, pH 8.0-11.0 and 0.5-2 % NaCl. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The polar lipid profile was composed predominantly of phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified polar lipids, one phospholipid and one aminolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1I/anteiso-C17 : 1B, iso-C16 : 1G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and iso-C16 : 1. The genomic DNA G+C content was 43.0 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the members of the genera Cecembia, Fontibacter, Aquiflexum and Indibacter of the family Cyclobacteriaceae (phylum Bacteroidetes) were the most closely related, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranging from 93.6 to 94.2 %. Other members of the family Cyclobacteriaceae showed sequence similarities < 93.0 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain YIM 4-4T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Mongoliibacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 4-4T ( = CCTCC AB 2012966T = DSM 27929T).

A novel Halomonas ventosae-specific virulent halovirus isolated from the Qiaohou salt mine in Yunnan, Southwest China.

Although Halomonas phages belonging to the families Myoviridae and Siphoviridae have been reported, no virulent Halomonas siphoviruses are known. In this study, a virulent bacteriophage, QHHSV-1, of the family Siphoviridae that specifically infects H. ventosae QH52-2 was isolated from the Qiaohou salt mine. Restriction analysis indicated that QHHSV-1 is a dsDNA virus with a genome size of 33.5-39.5 kb. Transmission electron microscopy showed that QHHSV-1 is a typical representative of the Siphoviridae, with an icosahedral head (47 nm in diameter) and a non-contractile tail (75 nm in length). We also assessed the adsorption rate of QHHSV-1 for the host bacterium and found significant inhibition after the addition of 10 mM CaCl2. Based on a one-step growth curve, we determined a latent period of 30 min and a burst size of 73 PFU/infected cell. At the optimal pH of 8.0, 25.9 and 15.2 % of the phages survived after a 60-min incubation at 50 and 60 °C, respectively. Phage replication was possible at a wide range of salt concentrations, from 2.0 to 20 % (w/v), with an optimum concentration of 5 %. The survival of QHHSV-1 at different salt concentrations decreased with time and 25 % survival after 25 days at 30 % salt concentration.

Arenimonas taoyuanensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from rice-field soil in China.

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain, YN2-31A(T), was isolated from rice-field soil, Taoyuan Village, Yunnan province of China. The bacterium was observed to grow at 20-45 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0), and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YN2-31A(T) is most closely related to Arenimonas daejeonensis DSM 18060(T) (96.1%), Arenimonas malthae DSM 21305(T) (95.9%), Arenimonas donghaensis DSM 18148(T) (95.1%), Arenimonas composti DSM 18010(T) (94.8%) and Arenimonas maotaiensis JCM 19710(T) (94.8%). The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were found to be iso-C(18:1) ω9c, iso-C(15:0), Sum In Feature 3 (C(16:1) ω7c/C(16:1) ω6c), and C(16:0). The major ubiquinone was identified as Q-8 and the major cellular polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 72.3 mol%. The results of the phylogenetic, genetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses suggest that strain YN2-31A(T) represents a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas taoyuanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YN2-31A(T) (=DSM 26777(T) = CCTCC AB2012964(T)).

Enhancement of the binding affinity of methylene blue to site I in human serum albumin by cupric and ferric ions.

In this work, the binding characteristics of methylene blue (MB) to human serum albumin (HSA) and the influence of Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) on the binding affinity of MB to HSA were investigated using fluorescence, absorption, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The results of competitive binding experiments using the site probes ketoprofen and ibuprofen as specific markers suggested that MB was located in site I within sub-domain IIA of HSA. The molecular modelling results agreed with the results of competitive site marker experiments and the results of CD spectra indicated that the interaction between MB and HSA caused the conformational changes in HSA. The binding affinity of MB to HSA was enhanced but to a different extent in the presence of Cu(2+) and Fe(3+), respectively, which indicated that the influence of different metal ions varied. Enhancement of the binding affinity of MB to HSA in the presence of Cu(2+) is due to the formation of Cu(2+)-HSA complex leading to the conformational changes in HSA, whereas in the presence of Fe(3+), enhancement of the binding affinity is due to the greater stability of the Fe(3+)-HSA-MB complex compared with the MB-HSA complex.

Halomonas qiaohouensis sp. nov., isolated from salt mine soil in southwest China.

Two Gram-stain negative, moderately halophilic, aerobic, motile bacteria, designated strains YIM QH88(T) and YIM QH103, were isolated from the Qiaohou salt mine in Yunnan, southwest China. Cells of the strains were observed to be rod-shaped and produce creamy-coloured colonies. Growth of the two strains was observed at 10-45 °C (optimum 25-37 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum 7.0-8.0), and in the presence of 0.5-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2-6 %). The two strains were found to contain summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/ω6c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c and C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains YIM QH88(T) and YIM QH103 were determined to be 64.6 and 64.2 mol%, respectively, and the predominant respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone 9. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains YIM QH88(T) and YIM QH103 formed a distinct lineage within the genus Halomonas and were most closely related to Halomonas pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) with 97.3 and 97.5 % of 16S rRNA sequence similarity respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness value for strains YIM QH88(T) and YIM QH103 was 95.2 ± 0.8 %. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between each of these two strains and the type strains of phylogenetically closely related Halomonas species were clearly below 70 %. On the basis of their phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains YIM QH88(T) and YIM QH103 should be classified as a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas qiaohouensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM QH88(T) (=DSM 26770(T) =CCTCC AB 2012965(T)).

Effectiveness and mechanism of Huoxin pill on heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention: Study protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel trial.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease facing human beings. Cardiac remodelling is an important pathological factor for the progression of heart failure (HF) after CHD. At present, Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of HF, but there are still some drugs lack of evidence-based and mechanism evidence. Multi-omics techniques can deep explore candidate pathogenic factors and construct gene regulatory networks.This trial is intended to evaluate the effect on Huoxin pill (HXP) in the treatment of HF after programmable communication interface (PCI). Meantime, multi-omics analysis technique will be used to target the fundamental pathological links of cardiac remodelling, so as to study the mechanism of HXP in the treatment of HF after PCI. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty patients with HF undergoing PCI are recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM. All selected patients will be randomly attributed to receive conventional treatment + HXP or placebo. The packaging, dosage and smell of placebo and heart activating pill were identical. The primary outcome is NYHA cardiac function grade, while the secondary outcomes included Lee's HF score, exercise tolerance test, and quality of life evaluation. Additional indicators include cardiac ultrasound, electrocardiogram, 24-h dynamic electrocardiogram, myocardial injury indicators, and energy metabolism indicators. Discussion: This study may provide a new treatment option for patients with HF after PCI and provide evidence for the treatment of CHD and HF with HXP. Trial registration: 2023-10-08 registered in China Clinical Trial Registry, registration number ChiCTR2300076402.