Responses of nickel bioavailability and toxicity of Prorocentrum Donghaienses to dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions incubated in urea.

Urea, nickel (Ni) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from land varied with different sources have a great impact on the offshore ecosystem. The heterogeneity of Ni bioavailability and toxicity of Prorocentrum donghaiense influenced by DOM fractions incubated in urea was investigated in this study. On the occasion, chlorophyll (Chl a) concentration, growth rate, and photosynthesis parameters were monitored to track changes occurring in the test organism. Chl a concentration and photosynthesis parameters in the treatment of hydrophilic DOM (HPI) with Ni-free was significantly higher than that in the control treatment, and similar data were shown in the treatment of hydrophobic DOM（HPO）with the low Ni environment (0.17µmol L-1). However, the opposite phenomena were observed in the treatments of HPO with the higher Ni environment (over 170µmol L-1). Moreover, the EC50 of Ni for P.donghaiense incubated in HPO was relatively lower than that in HPI and control treatment, which implied that HPO elevated the toxicity of Ni. Therefore, the varied DOM compositions because of different origins, as a chelating agent and potential nutrient source in coastal waters, shows the significantly different bioavailability and toxicity of Ni with the increasing inputs of urea, which in turn influences the dynamics of phytoplankton.

Target Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Molecular Mechanism Associated with Changes of Tea Quality at Different Development Stages.

This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential quality of tea made from leaves at different development stages. Fresh Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze "Sichuan Colonial" leaves of various development stages, from buds to old leaves, were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis, and the DESeq package was used for differential expression analysis, followed by functional enrichment analyses and protein interaction analysis. Target metabolome analysis indicated that the contents of most compounds, including theobromine and epicatechin gallate, were lowest in old leaves, and transcriptome analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly involved in extracellular regions and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis-related pathways, and the oleuropein steroid biosynthesis pathway. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified LOC114256852 as a hub gene. Caffeine, theobromine, L-theanine, and catechins were the main metabolites of the tea leaves, and the contents of all four main metabolites were the lowest in old leaves. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis may be important targets for breeding efforts to improve tea quality.

Effect of a group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention on self-esteem and psychological flexibility in patients with schizophrenia in remission.

The present study explored whether acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a cognitive behavioral therapy approach, could improve the symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders among patients with schizophrenia in remission. A pre- and post-treatment design with two evaluation time points was employed. Sixty outpatients with schizophrenia in remission were randomly divided into two groups: the ACT plus treatment as usual (ACT+TAU) and treatment as usual (TAU) groups. The ACT+TAU group participated in 10 group-based ACT interventions and TAU in the hospital, and the TAU group only received TAU interventions. General psycho-pathological symptoms, self-esteem, and psychological flexibility were assessed before intervention (baseline; pre-test) and after intervention (five weeks; post-test). Results indicated that, compared to the TAU group, the ACT+TAU group exhibited a more significant improvement in general psychopathological symptoms, self-esteem, cognitive fusion, and acceptance and action at post-test. ACT intervention could effectively decrease the general psycho-pathological symptoms and increase self-esteem level and psychological flexibility in people with schizophrenia in remission.

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 is Essential for Low-Normobaric Oxygen Treatment-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Protection Following Ischemic Stroke.

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading to hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema. Normobaric oxygen (NBO) is a routine clinical treatment strategy for this condition. However, its neuroprotective effects remain controversial. This study investigated the effect of different NBO concentrations on I/R injury and explores the involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the underlying mechanism. A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, and an oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model featuring mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) called bEnd.3, were used to investigate the effect of NBO on I/R injury. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer and Nrf2-knockdown by RNA were used to explore whether the Nrf2 pathway mediates the effect of NBO on cerebrovascular ECs. In the early stage of MCAO, 40% O2 NBO exposure significantly improved blood perfusion in the ischemic area and effectively relieved BBB permeability, cerebral edema, cerebral injury, and neurological function after MCAO. In the OGD model, 40% O2 NBO exposure significantly reduced apoptosis, inhibited ROS generation, reduced ER stress, upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, and stabilized the permeability of ECs. Blocking the Nrf2 pathway nullified the protective effect of 40% O2 NBO on ECs after OGD. Finally, our study confirmed that low concentrations of NBO have a neuroprotective effect on I/R by activating the Nrf2 pathway in ECs.

Facile Synthesis of Monodispersed Titanium Nitride Quantum Dots for Harmonic Mode-Locking Generation in an Ultrafast Fiber Laser.

As a member of the transition metal nitride material family, titanium nitride (TiN) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention in optical and electronic fields because of their excellent optoelectronic properties and favorable stability. Herein, TiN QDs were synthesized and served as a saturable absorber (SA) for an ultrafast fiber laser. Due to the strong nonlinear optical absorption characteristics with a modulation depth of ~33%, the typical fundamental mode-locked pulses and harmonics mode-locked pulses can be easily obtained in an ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser with a TiN-QD SA. In addition, at the maximum pump power, harmonic mode-locked pulses with a repetition rate of ~1 GHz (164th order) and a pulse duration of ~1.45 ps are achieved. As far as we know, the repetition rate is the highest in the ultrafast fiber laser using TiN QDs as an SA. Thus, these experimental results indicate that TiN QDs can be considered a promising material, showing more potential in the category of ultrafast laser and nonlinear optics.

Thalassiosira weissflogii grown in various Zn levels shows different ecophysiological responses to seawater acidification.

The presence of zinc (Zn), a vital element for algal physiological functions, coupled with the silicification of diatoms implies that it plays an integral role in the carbon and silicon cycles of the sea. In this study, we examined the effects of different pCO2 and Zn levels on growth rate, elemental compositions and silicification by Thalassiosira weissflogii. The results showed that under normal pCO2 (400 µatm), cultures of T. weissflogii were depressed for growth rate and silica incorporation rate, but encouraged for cellular silicon content, Si/C, Si/N, and sinking rate when Zn deficient (0.3 pmol L-1). However, cellular silicon and sinking rate of Zn-deficient and Zn-replete (25 pmol L-1) T. weissflogii were decreased and increased at higher pCO2 (800 µatm), respectively. Thus, acidification may affect diatoms significantly differently depending on the Zn levels of the ocean and then alter the biochemical cycling of carbon and silica.

How do plant morphological characteristics, species composition and richness regulate eco-hydrological function?

Although considerable research has focused on the relationship between ecosystem structure and function, interactions of plant morphological characteristics, species composition and richness with eco-hydrological functions remain unclear. We measured water adherence (i.e. the capacity of a plant species to retain water), documented plant surface morphology and observed surface runoff at three sites in China. The adhering water ratios for each plant species differed, ranging from 17.1% to 151.5% in leaves, and from 14.4% to 41.1% in branches. Small, light-weight, soft, non-cuticularized leaves that were densely situated on small branches showed good water adherence. The next best adherence was found by branches with intermediately coarse surfaces. The plant species with high standing biomass also showed good water adherence, and the contribution of a species to total adherence was dependent upon its aboveground standing biomass. Vegetation parameters strongly affected water adherence, whereas the effect of species richness was not significant. Conversely, species richness showed a significant influence on surface runoff. The effect of plant morphological characteristics and composition constitutes a basic process in the regulation of eco-hydrological function, and vegetation parameters play somewhat different roles in that regulation. The key roles must therefore be considered from a management perspective.

A study of soil seed banks across one complete chronosequence of secondary succession in a karst landscape.

Anthropogenic disturbance and distinctive geochemistry have resulted in rocky desertification in many karst regions of the world. Seed banks are crucial to vegetation regeneration in degraded karst ecosystems characterized by a discontinuous distribution of soil and seasonal drought stress. However, the dynamics of seed banks across one complete series of secondary succession and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We selected eight typical stages during secondary succession, conducted aboveground vegetation survey and collected 960 soil samples in the Guiyang karst landscape of China. Seed density, species richness and plant life forms in seed banks were determined via the germination method. The results indicated that the seed density in seed banks before and after field seed germination was significantly different among most succession stages. Community succession had impacts on the seed density of seed banks before and after field seed germination. Seed density ranged from 1,042 seedlings.m-2 in evergreen broadleaf forests to 3,755 seedlings.m-2 in the herb community, which was a relatively high density. The seed density and similar species composition between the seed banks and vegetation declined with succession from early to later stages. Species richness in seed banks was highest in middle succession stages and increased with increasing species richness of aboveground vegetation. The species richness of the five life forms in the seed banks showed different variations across these succession stages. The conservation of diverse aboveground vegetation can maintain the diversity of seed banks for restoration.

Characteristics and surgical invervention of ovarian torsion in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women.

The aim of our study was to compare the clinical and surgical characteristics of pregnant and nonpregnant women with surgically verified ovarian torsion, as well as the differences among 3 trimesters during pregnancy.We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with surgically proven ovarian torsion in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2018. The clinical characteristics, surgical procedure, pathologic outcomes, and trimesters of pregnancy were analyzed.Thirty-three pregnant and 72 nonpregnant patients diagnosed with surgically proven ovarian torsion were assessed during the study period. The most common presenting symptom in both groups was abdominal pain (90.2% and 99.0%, respectively). The median time from admission to surgery was shorter in pregnant patients than nonpregnant patients (5.3 compared with 47.7 hours, P < .001). Pregnant patients had a higher number of twists than nonpregnant patients (median of 2 compared with 1, P < .01). Benign cyst was the most common cyst causing ovarian torsion in both groups, and luteum cyst was more common in the pregnant group. The mean size of ovarian cyst in pregnant patients was much smaller in the third trimester than the first and the second trimesters (6.6 ±â€Š2.0, 8.4 ±â€Š2.1and 8.1 ±â€Š1.5 cm, respectively; P = .097). Cystectomy performed in the third trimester was more frequent compared with the other 2 trimesters (77.8%, 26.7%, and 22.2%, respectively; P = .021).Abdominal pain is the most common feature of ovarian torsion. Clinical presentation of ovarian torsion is relatively similar between pregnant and nonpregnant women, and among different trimesters. The tumor size was smaller in the third trimester of pregnancy than the other 2 trimesters of pregnancy. Cystectomy performed in pregnant patients is more during the third trimester compared with the other 2 trimesters.

Dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutant losses from a small watershed in the drinking-water source protection area in Guiyang City of Southern China.

Nutrients in runoff degrade water quality. The development of schemes to mitigate such degradation requires a characterization of the underlying dynamic processes of nutrient loss. The drinking-water source protection area in the Lake Hongfeng watershed of Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou Province, China, has been delimited for effective conservation. However, no systematic observations have provided data on nutrient losses from these areas that could support optimal management. We selected one typical watershed in the area. Automatic gauges were installed to record the water levels and calculate runoff rates during 2010 and 2011. A total of 1523 runoff samples were collected at an interval of 3 h during a day; total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were tested. The results indicated that surface runoff rates were primarily less than 15 L/s but rapidly increased 1-30 times 15 L/s when it rained. TN, TP, and COD concentrations primarily fluctuated between 0.06 and 18.79 mg/L, between 0.01 and 1.57 mg/L, and between 0.01 and 160 mg/L, respectively. TN and COD concentrations in 98.98% and 52.04% of the runoff samples, respectively, exceeded the upper limit required by the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (EQSSW) in China. Conversely, 94.29% of the runoff samples had lower concentrations than the upper limit of TP concentration. Surface runoff has been seriously polluted by nitrogen and organic pollutants. The occurrence frequency of different runoff rates and TP and COD concentrations showed different distributions, but TN concentrations had a normal distribution. There was a significant relationship between runoff rates and TP concentration and TN, TP, or COD loss. TN, TP, and COD loss primarily occurred on vegetable lands, rice fields, and residential sites. Effectively controlling nitrogen fertilizer that is applied on vegetable lands and paddy fields and managing wastewater and solid waste are urgent. The results reported here will also provide references for many other regions facing similar problems.

Dose-dependent neuroprotection of delta opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin in neuronal death and retarded behavior induced by forebrain ischemia in rats.

Cerebral ischemic insult, mainly induced by cardiovascular disease, is one of the most severe neurological diseases in clinical. There's mounting evidence showing that delta opioid agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) has a tissue-protective effect. However, whether this property is effective to prevent neuronal death induced by forebrain ischemia is not clear. This study was aimed to investigate whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of DADLE has a neuroprotective effect against forebrain ischemia in rats. We found in our study that administration of DADLE 45 min before forebrain ischemia had significant protective effect against CA1 neuronal lose. Further more, we found that DADLE had a dose-dependent protection for improving behavioral retardation revealed by Morris water maze and motor score test, while naltrindole, the antagonist of delta opioid receptor, partially abolished neuroprotective effect of DADLE, which implicated that both opioid and non-opioid systems are involved in ischemic insults and neuroprotection.

Effects of root exudates of woody species on the soil anti-erodibility in the rhizosphere in a karst region, China.

INTRODUCTION: Rhizospheres, the most active interfaces between plants and soils, play a central role in the long-term maintenance of the biosphere. The anti-erodibility of soils (AES) regulated by the root exudates is crucial to the soil stability in the rhizospheres. However, scientists still debate (1) the key organic matter of the root exudates affecting the AES and (2) the interspecific variation of these root exudates. METHODS: We used an incubation of soils to test the effects of the root exudates from eight woody plant species on the change in soil aggregation and identified the organic matter in these root exudates with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and biochemical methods. Furthermore, the relationships between the organic matter in the exudates and the AES in the rhizospheres of 34 additional tree species were analyzed. RESULTS: The water-stable aggregates of the soils incubated with the root exudates increased by 15%-50% on average compared with control samples. The interspecific differences were significant. The root exudates included hundreds of specific organic matter types; hydrocarbon, total sugar, total amino acids, and phenolic compounds were crucial to the AES. These organic matter types could explain approximately 20-75% of the variation in the total effect of the root exudates on the AES, which was quantified based on the aggregate status, degree of aggregation, dispersion ratio, and dispersion coefficient. DISCUSSION: The effects of the root exudates on the AES and the interspecific variation are as important as that of root density, litters, and vegetation covers. Many studies explored the effects of root density, litters, vegetation covers, and vegetation types on the AES, but little attention has been paid to the effects of the root exudates on the AES. Different plants secrete different relative contents of organic matter resulting in the variation of the effect of the root exudates on the AES. Our study quantified the causal relationships between the root exudates and the AES using modeling experiments in laboratory and field observations and indicated the interspecific variation of the AES and organic matter of the root exudates. CONCLUSIONS: More organic compounds of the exudates related to the AES were recognized in this study. These results enhance the understanding of the soil stability at a slope and can be applied to ecosystem restoration.

[Accumulation and Biotransformation in Typical Freshwater Algae Species Influenced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Under Long-term Exposure].

In the present study, the accumulation and biotransformation of arsenate in typical freshwater algae species were examined under long-term influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). Results showed that different algae species had largely varied capacities of accumulation and biotransformation of arsenate. The arsenic accumulation reached (819.66±11.25) µg·g-1 DW in Scenedesmus obliquus, which was higher than that in Microcystis aeruginosa of (355.95±8.31) µg·g-1 DW. Nano-TiO2 increased arsenic accumulation in these exposed algae species, and then reduced arsenic levels in the relative culture media. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 improved arsenic biotransformation in the exposed algae, and the organic arsenic was dimethylarsinous acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonous acid (MMA) in Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, respectively. Additionally, the release of organic arsenic was lower from the exposed algae in nano-TiO2 treatments than in the control, indicating that nano-TiO2 couldn't stimulate the release of organic arsenic from algae under long-term exposure. These results could improve insights on the ecological risk of nano-TiO2 associated with arsenic in the environment.

[Response of Microcystis aeruginosa Growth to Arsenate Under Different Phosphorus Regimes].

To better understand and then to predict the ecological risk of arsenic influenced by phosphorus regimes in freshwater environment, the growth differences of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) as well as its responses to the toxic stress of arsenate [As(Ⅴ)]were investigated under orthophosphate (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) [adenosine triphosphate (ATP-P) and ß-sodium glycerophosphate (ß-P)] culture conditions. The results showed that M. aeruginosa grew and proliferated without any differences under DOP and DIP conditions during the first 5 days, while slower growth rates were observed in DOP conditions. Herein, the cell optical density (D) of M. aeruginosa in ß-P and ATP-P conditions was 78.0% and 75.4% of that under DIP condition respectively on the 7th day. The negative correlations between actual quantum yield (Yield) and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and D indicated that Yield should not be used as a stable index to reflect the nutrition conditions of algae. However, Yield was a sensitive index to exactly represent the responses of M. aeruginosa to As(Ⅴ) toxicity, which showed significant differences under different phosphorus regimes. Obtained by D, Yield and Chl-a, the 96h EC50 was in the order of DIP > ß-P > ATP-P. The similar toxic tolerant abilities to As(Ⅴ) of M. aeruginosa under ß-P and ATP-P conditions were lower than that of EC50 under DIP conditions by one to five orders of magnitude.

Protective effects of electroacupuncture and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits.

The aim of present study was to observe the protective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae (SM) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Acute ischemia/reperfusion of myocardium was set up by ligating left anterior descending branch of coronary artery in 24 rabbits which were divided randomly into control, EA, SM, and EA+SM group. Changes of plasma myocardial zymogram were found after ischemia in these groups. EA and SM were observed to decrease plasma IL-8 and epinephrine concentration and to increase 99mTc-MIBI intake ratio of myocardial mitochondrial, but enhancing or antagonistic effect between EA and SM was negligible. There was positive correlation between concentrations of plasma epinephrine and IL-8. The results indicated that EA and SM could reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protect myocardial mitochondrial by reducing concentrations of plasma epinephrine and IL-8. EA and SM could reduce the release of endogenic epinephrine, which was one of the mechanisms of lowering plasma IL-8.

[Contribution of plant litters to sediments organic matter in Jiulong river estuary wetland].

The purpose of this study was to characterize the decomposition process of different plant litters and its controlling factors, and to quantify the different contribution rates to sediments organic matter throughout the decomposition of different plant litters. Results showed that the decomposition rates of plant litters buried at medium tidal level were 0.655 a(-1) for mangrove and 1.723 a(-1) for Spartina, which were greater than those with 0.651 a(-1) for mangrove and 1.586 a(-1) for Spartina at high tidal level. The reduction of carbon concentration in plant litters at high tidal level was lower than that at medium tidal level, while the increment of nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in plant litters at high tidal level was greater than those at medium tidal. And the isotope abundance of carbon (delta13C) in plant litters at medium tidal level reduced much more significantly than that at high tidal level. The contribution rates of plant litters carbon to sediments organic matter differed among tidal levels, plant species and decomposition duration. Specifically, the decomposition of mangrove litters contributed 5.96% to the sediment organic matter at medium tidal level, which was greater than that (3.03%) at high tidal level. Similarly, the decomposition of Spartina litters contributed 14.81% to the sediment organic matter at medium tidal level, which was also greater than that (13.97%) at high tidal level. The contribution of the decomposition of Spartina litters organic matter (average with 14.39%) was greater than that of mangrove litters (4.50%). The decomposition of plant litters requires a long process. The contribution of plant litters to sediments organic matter throughout one year decomposition was lower than that in complete decomposition, in particular, mangrove litters. Our study showed that the quantitative differences in plant litters-derived sediment organic matter would improve the proper estimation of the contribution of litters to wetland organic matter.

Sinonasal intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia successfully treated by endoscopic excision: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is an abundant, usually intravascular, benign endothelial proliferation that may mimic angiosarcoma clinically and histopathologically. Its occurrence in the sinonasal cavity is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case with the most extensive IPEH ever found within the sinonasal cavity. METHODS: A 42-year-old man of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in the sinonasal cavity was reported. He complained of a 1-year history of left-sided nasal obstruction accompanied by unilateral rhinorrhea, repeated epistaxes and frontal headache. Anterior rhinoscopy demonstrated a smooth-surfaced reddish mass occupying the left nasal cavity. Endoscopic surgery was used to clear this uncommon tumor in the sinonasal cavity. A review of the pertinent literature was also presented. CONCLUSIONS: IPEH may be mistaken for an angiosarcoma clinically and histopathologically. Complete endoscope-guided surgical excision is the best choice of therapy for patients with IPEH and is both diagnostic and curative. Awareness of this lesion will prevent incorrect diagnosis and overly aggressive treatment.

[Dynamic principle of ecosystem restoration based on plant diversity].

The dynamics of ecosystem restoration is an important issue in ecology. Based on the theories of island biogeography, plant community succession, biodiversity sustaining mechanism and ecosystem function, a dynamic model of ecosystem restoration was deduced, and verified by the observation data on semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest at its secondary succession phase. The dynamic principle was discussed based on the analysis of the nature of the dynamic model. It was indicated that the dynamic process of ecosystem restoration was controlled by the integrative effect of ecosystem restoration force F1, disturbance force F2 and environmental resistance F3. The change rate of plant diversity restoration was in inverse proportion to plant species richness, and in direct proportion to the total driving force of ecosystem restoration F. F1 and F3 were the functions of initial species richness s0 and environmental resources of restoring ecosystem, while F2 was the function of disturbance intensity and species richness. When the ecosystem was under negative disturbance, plant species richness was always lower than the highest species richness sm. The smaller the s0, the stronger logistic the ecosystem restoration process would be. Mathematical models were established to calculate F1, F2 and F3, and to estimate the effects of plant diversity and disturbance on ecosystem restoration. It was suggested that the increase of plant species richness could enhance ecosystem restoration potential, and promote ecosystem stability.

[Ecological mechanisms of the effects of vegetation restoration on the controls of non-point source pollution on barren tableland in Dianchi Watershed of China].

Surface runoff, soil erosion and the leaching of the different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed and the hygroscopic volume of branch and leaves of all plant species and soil penetration were determined to understand the ecological mechanisms of the effects of vegetation restoration on the controls of non-point source pollution on barren tableland in Dianchi Watershed of China. Results indicated that there were significantly relationships between surface runoff volume and the output of non-point pollution matters. The different manmade vegetation systems, consisted respectively of A. nepalensis, A. mearnsii, R. pseudoacacia and V. zizanioides clump, had shown the different potentials to control the leaching of TN, TP, soluble TP, soluble TN. Strong hygroscopic functions of leaves and branch was able to promote the interception of rainfalls and give rise to the less of surface runoff. The leaves, that were small, with low water content, no leathery and have rough face and epidermal wools, were able to got the highly ratio of the hygroscopic volume to above ground fresh standing crops and strengthened the interception of forest canopy. Preparing soil, growth of root system of plant and the natural recovery of vegetation at the gap of trees enhanced surface runoff penetration, as lightened the surface runoff leaching the different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus of soil on the stands. The leaching of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus went down with the controls of surface runoff in different stands as well.