Osmotic demyelination syndrome following slow correction of hyponatremia: Possible role of hypokalemia.

A 47-year-old male presented with hyponatremia that was corrected slowly as per the recommended guidelines. The patient improved initially but went on to develop a quadriparesis with a locked-in state due to a central as well as extrapontine myelinolysis and subsequently succumbed to an intercurrent infective illness. The patient had associated hypokalemia. Hyponatremia can result in central pontine myelinolysis even when the electrolyte disorder is treated slowly, and the concomitant hypokalemia seems to play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of the neurological disorder.

Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer Risk.

OBJECTIVE: The study was meant to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with breast cancer and to establish its role as an independent risk factor on occurrence of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty women aged between 40 and 80 years with breast cancer and fifty controls of similar age were assessed for metabolic syndrome prevalence and breast cancer risk factors, including age at menarche, reproductive status, live births, breastfeeding, and family history of breast cancer, age at diagnosis of breast cancer, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome parameters. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome prevalence was found in 40.0% of breast cancer patients, and 18.0% of those in control group (P = 0.02). An independent and positive association was seen between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 3.037; 95% confidence interval 1.214-7.597). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in breast cancer patients and is an independent risk factor for breast cancer.

Clinico-radiological and Pathological Characteristics of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors in Children: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare, benign lesions most often seen in the lung of young adults but can occur in children, in various sites. They mimic, clinically and radiologically, malignant tumors - especially sarcomas and lymphomas. The aim was to review the clinical, radiological, and pathological data of children with a diagnosis of IMT referred to our department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India from January 2014 to December 2015. RESULTS: Among 288 pediatric tumors registered during the study, 5 (1.73%) had the diagnosis of IMTs. The main symptoms were abdominal distension and pain in 60% (three cases), breathlessness and cough in 20% (one case), and right axillary area swelling in 20% (one case). In three patients, complete surgical excision was done, whereas another patient with retroperitoneal mass had the residual disease and received chemotherapy followed by complete second surgery. In the case of mediastinal IMT, surgery was followed by local radiotherapy. At present, four patients are disease-free and one patient with mediastinal IMT has the residual progressive disease. CONCLUSION: On presentation, IMT can constitute a formidable challenge, from diagnosis through to treatment.

Uncommon Adverse Effects of Commonly Used Chemotherapeutic Agents in Medical Oncology Practice: A Series of Two Cases of Hand-Foot Syndrome.

Chemotherapy has an increasing potential for cure and palliation of most forms of cancer in different stages. However, its use is associated with a multitude of side effects some very common and few very rare. We present two patients of metastatic nonsmall lung cancer who had severe forms of hand-foot syndrome with two different classes of antineoplastic drugs and have to discontinue chemotherapy.

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center of India.

AIMS: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) comprise a spectrum of interrelated conditions originating from the placenta. With sensitive assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) and current approaches to chemotherapy, most women with GTN can be cured with preservation of reproductive potential. The purpose of this analysis was to address the outcome of GTN in patients from a tertiary care center of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective and prospective review of GTN cases treated at our center over a period of 7 years from 2008 to 2014. Patients of GTN were assigned to low-risk or high-risk categories as per the FIGO scoring system. The low-risk group was treated with combination of actinomycin-D and methotrexate and the high-risk group received the Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin-D/ Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine (EMA/CO) regimen. Salvage therapy was Etoposide, Paclitaxel /Paclitaxel, Cisplatin (EP/TP). Treatment was continued for three cycles after normalization of ß-hCG level, after which the patients were followed up regularly. RESULTS: In total, 41 GTN patients were treated at our institution during the above period; 17 were in the low-risk and 24 were in the high-risk category. The lung was the most common site of metastasis. All low-risk patients achieved complete remission. Among high-risk patients, one patient died while receiving first cycle chemotherapy, one patient relapsed, and 22 patients achieved complete remission. The single relapsed patient also achieved remission with second-line chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Risk-stratified treatment of GTN was associated with acceptable toxicity and resulted in outcome that was comparable with international standards. The use of two-drug combination in low-risk patients is a better option especially in developing countries.