RESUMEN
We used the blast wave model with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics and analyzed the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration in inelastic (INEL) proton-proton collisions at different rapidity slices at different center-of-mass energies. The particles used in this study were π+, π-, K+, K-, and p¯. We extracted the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We observed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature is rapidity and energy dependent, while the transverse flow velocity does not depend on them. Furthermore, we observed that the kinetic freeze-out volume is energy dependent, but it remains constant with changing the rapidity. We also observed that all three parameters are mass dependent. In addition, with the increase of mass, the kinetic freeze-out temperature increases, and the transverse flow velocity, as well as kinetic freeze-out volume decrease.
RESUMEN
Missense mutation C694R in the RING domain of the LRSAM1 gene results in a dominantly inherited polyneuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2P (CMT2P). We have generated and characterized a Lrsam1C698R knock-in mouse model produced through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Both heterozygous (Lrsam1+/C698R) and homozygous (Lrsam1C698/C698R) knock-in mice exhibited normal motor functions on behavioral tests as well as normal on nerve conduction studies. Axonal density and myelin thickness were not significantly different between mutants and wild-type mice by sciatic nerve morphometric analysis up to 17 months of age. In line with these normal findings, protein-protein interactions between mutant LRSAM1 and RNA-binding proteins (such as FUS and G3BP1) were still present in mouse cells, which differs from the disrupted interactions between these proteins in human CMT2P cells. However, after crush nerve injury, Lrsam1+/C698R mice had a mild, but statistically significant, reduced compound nerve action potential and conduction velocity during recovery. Therefore, C698R mutation results in a mild impaired nerve regeneration in mice. We speculate that repetitive nerve injuries may, at least partially, contribute to the slowly progressive axonal loss in CMT2P.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth , Animales , Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/genética , Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/metabolismo , ADN Helicasas/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones , Mutación , Regeneración Nerviosa/genética , Conducción Nerviosa/fisiología , Proteínas de Unión a Poli-ADP-Ribosa/genética , ARN Helicasas/metabolismo , Proteínas con Motivos de Reconocimiento de ARN/genética , Nervio Ciático/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Present study was aimed to investigate trace elemental composition and possible elemental correlation with depth of some Pakistani wells. Exploratory oil wells of Toot oilfield from Potwar region of upper Indus basin were selected for this purpose. Samples of well cuttings and soil sections were collected with the assistance of Oil and Gas Development Company Limited. Elemental analyses were performed using instrumental neutron activation analysis. This study is the first of its kind to report detailed elemental profile of Toot oilfield, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan, via instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Source formation of Toot oilfield is characterized by Jurassic Datta formation. Around 19-26 elements were identified by INAA. Major, minor and trace elemental concentrations varied with depths along the sampling lines. Data analysis was performed by the application of principal component analysis (PCA). PCA was useful in differentiating between surface and depth samples. Elemental volumes of different wells were established through bi-plots. In extension, naturally occurring radioactive materials and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials were also determined for the wells of Toot oilfield. Annual dose rates and activity levels were calculated in oil well formations. Measurements of annual dose rates fall within safe limits, indicating anodyne atmosphere. Contamination indices, such as enrichment factor with respect to Al, geo accumulation index (Igeo), pollution index and integrated pollution index, were also determined. Cr and Zn were found to cross the safe limits, which may be due to the local industrial and anthropogenic activities.