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1.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 38(12): 2870-2878, 2018 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30571173

RESUMEN

Objective- We evaluated the biological effects of low-dose methotrexate on 3 novel brachial artery grayscale ultrasound measures that may indicate subclinical arterial injury. Approach and Results- Exploratory analysis from a clinical trial of people with HIV infection at increased cardiovascular disease risk who were randomly assigned to low-dose methotrexate (target dose 15 mg/wk) or placebo. Brachial artery ultrasound grayscale median, gray level difference statistic texture-contrast (GLDS-CON), and gray level texture entropy were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of intervention. Findings from the intention-to-treat (N=148) and adequately-dosed (N=118) populations were consistent, so the adequately-dosed population results are presented. Participants were a median (Q1, Q3) age of 54 (50, 60) years. After 24 weeks, the low-dose methotrexate intervention was associated with a 25.4% (-18.1, 58.6; P=0.007) increase in GLDS-CON compared with 1.3% (-29.1, 44.7; P=0.97) with placebo ( P=0.05) and a 0.10 u (-0.06, 0.23; P=0.026) increase in entropy compared with 0.02 u (-0.11, 0.14; P=0.54) with placebo ( P=0.14). At week 24, changes in CD4+ T cells correlated inversely with changes in GLDS-CON (ρ=-0.20; P=0.031), and entropy (ρ=-0.21; P=0.023). Changes in D-dimer levels, but no other inflammatory biomarkers, also correlated inversely with changes in GLDS-CON (ρ=-0.23; P=0.014) and entropy (ρ=-0.26; P=0.005). Conclusions- Brachial artery GLDS-CON and entropy increased after 24 weeks of low-dose methotrexate, though the latter was not significantly different from placebo. Grayscale changes were associated with decreases in CD4+ T-cell and D-dimer concentrations and may indicate favorable arterial structure changes.


Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Arteria Braquial/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Adulto , Aterosclerosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Arteria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagen , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Productos de Degradación de Fibrina-Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados Unidos
2.
Vasc Med ; 24(1): 12-22, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30418100

RESUMEN

We performed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the effects of a treadmill exercise program on brachial artery (BA) intima-media thickness (IMT) and three BA grayscale ultrasound measures that may indicate subclinical arterial injury. Data were from a clinical trial in individuals with peripheral artery disease who were randomly assigned to treadmill exercise training or attention control. B-mode ultrasonography was performed at baseline and after 26 weeks. BA IMT, grayscale median (GSM), entropy, and gray-level difference statistic-contrast (GLDS-CON) were measured by a single reader. The 184 participants were (mean (SD)) 66.7 (8.2) years old and had an ankle-brachial index of 0.70 (0.18). Exercise training was associated with a 0.01 (0.06) mm ( p = 0.025) reduction in BA IMT compared to 0.00 (0.05) mm ( p = 0.807) in the control group (between-group p = 0.061). BA GSM, entropy, and GLDS-CON did not change significantly with exercise. Improvements in the 6-minute walk distance correlated with increases in resting BA blood flow ( r = 0.23, p = 0.032), flow-mediated dilation ( r = 0.24, p = 0.022), diameter ( r = 0.29, p = 0.005), entropy ( r = 0.21, p = 0.047), and GLDS-CON ( r = 0.22, p = 0.041). In a post hoc analysis, BA IMT improved significantly with treadmill exercise training but did not change with attention control; however, the between-group difference did not reach statistical significance. With exercise, improvements in the 6-minute walk distance were associated with improved endothelial function, increased resting blood flow, and BA dilation, as well as higher grayscale entropy and GLDS-CON, indicating that lower extremity exercise is associated with salutary changes in upper-extremity arterial wall structure and function. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01408901.


Asunto(s)
Arteria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagen , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/terapia , Túnica Íntima/diagnóstico por imagen , Túnica Media/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Anciano , Índice Tobillo Braquial , Arteria Braquial/fisiopatología , Método Doble Ciego , Tolerancia al Ejercicio , Femenino , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Recuperación de la Función , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Prueba de Paso
3.
J Diagn Med Sonogr ; 34(3): 161-168, 2018 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30035269

RESUMEN

This pilot study evaluated associations between carotid wall echogenicity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and three markers of smoking heaviness in a cohort of active smokers. Common carotid artery (CCA) grayscale median (GSM) values were measured from sonographic images. Univariable correlations and exploratory multivariable models were used to determine associations between CCA GSM, CVD risk factors, and measures of smoking heaviness. CCA GSM was measured in 162 smokers and was correlated inversely with cigarettes smoked/day (r=-0.16, p=0.048), pack-years (r=-0.204, p=0.009), CVD risk factors such as age, male sex, waist circumference, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p≤0.03) and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001). Associations between CCA GSM and smoking heaviness markers were not statistically significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The results from this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the GSM value of the CCA far wall and its association with measures of smoking heaviness and traditional CVD risk factors among current smokers.

4.
Org Lett ; 10(20): 4453-5, 2008 Oct 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18798636

RESUMEN

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and derivatives thereof have been successfully used in photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT). The synthesis of novel bioconjugates combining ALA with two lipophilic and one hydrophilic vitamins is reported. The new bioconjugates allow studying the potential synergies between the two components in PDT. The synthetic methodology is robust giving the bioconjugates in good to satisfactory yield.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Aminolevulínico/síntesis química , Vitaminas/química , Amidas/química , Ácido Aminolevulínico/química , Estructura Molecular
5.
J Clin Microbiol ; 40(11): 4281-4, 2002 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12409410

RESUMEN

Three hundred thirty-one yeast and yeast-like isolates were cultivated on eosin methylene blue agar. While the sensitivity rate for Candida kefyr isolates producing a metallic green sheen was 81.8%, the high positive predictive value (100%) for yeast isolates with this phenotype belonging to C. kefyr suggests that these isolates can be presumptively identified as C. kefyr.


Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , Candida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Eosina Amarillenta-(YS)/metabolismo , Azul de Metileno/metabolismo , Agar , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Medios de Cultivo , Humanos , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica
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