RESUMEN
Sex-based differences in obesity-related hepatic malignancies suggest the protective roles of estrogen. Using a preclinical model, we dissected estrogen receptor (ER) isoform-driven molecular responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver diseases of male and female mice treated with or without an estrogen agonist by integrating liver multi-omics data. We found that selective ER activation recovers HFD-induced molecular and physiological liver phenotypes. HFD and systemic ER activation altered core liver pathways, beyond lipid metabolism, that are consistent between mice and primates. By including patient cohort data, we uncovered that ER-regulated enhancers govern central regulatory and metabolic genes with clinical significance in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients, including the transcription factor TEAD1. TEAD1 expression increased in MASLD patients, and its downregulation by short interfering RNA reduced intracellular lipid content. Subsequent TEAD small molecule inhibition improved steatosis in primary human hepatocyte spheroids by suppressing lipogenic pathways. Thus, TEAD1 emerged as a new therapeutic candidate whose inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis.
Asunto(s)
Hígado Graso , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Estrógenos , Hígado Graso/genética , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Hígado/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/genética , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/genética , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/uso terapéutico , Factores de Transcripción de Dominio TEARESUMEN
Estrogen drives the growth of some cancers, such as breast cancer, via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Estrogen also activates ERß, but whether ERß is expressed and has a role in different cancers is debated. The use of nonspecific antibodies has contributed to the confusion, and this review delves into ERß's controversial role in cancer and focuses on tumor expression that can be supported by non-antibody-dependent assays. We discuss its expression at the transcript level and focus on its potential role in lymphoma, granulosa cell tumors, testicular, and adrenal cancers, emphasizing recent findings and the complexities that necessitate further research.
Asunto(s)
Receptor beta de Estrógeno , Neoplasias , Humanos , Receptor beta de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Receptor beta de Estrógeno/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Femenino , Animales , Masculino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Testiculares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Testiculares/genética , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Tumor de Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Tumor de Células de la Granulosa/genética , Tumor de Células de la Granulosa/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/genética , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Linfoma/metabolismo , Linfoma/genética , Linfoma/patologíaRESUMEN
Human adenovirus (HAdV) type F41 has been identified as a possible cause of the non-A-to-E hepatitis outbreak. This study uses wastewater monitoring to track HAdV F40 and F41, supporting clinical investigations and providing insights into the pathogen's role in the outbreak. Given the limited clinical monitoring in Sweden of HAdV-F40/41, this approach also helps estimate the true infection burden of this pathogen during the outbreak. This study developed three qPCR assays for the hexon, penton, and fiber genes of HAdV F40 and F41. The hexon assay was F41-specific, while the fiber assay detected multiple HAdV-F strains. Comprehensive monitoring of HAdV-F40/41 levels in Stockholm's wastewater was conducted over 1.5 years, capturing the period before, during, and after the outbreak. A significant infection wave was observed in spring 2022, with strains beyond lineage 2 contributing to the outbreak. Moreover, simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 surveillance revealed that HAdV-F infections peaked at different times from COVID-19, but the HAdV-F wave aligned with the relaxation of pandemic restrictions. These findings offer valuable insights for future HAdV-F investigations and confirm its role in the non-A-to-E hepatitis outbreak.