Real-World Outcomes with the KEYNOTE-522 Regimen in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine if the neoadjuvant (NAT) KEYNOTE-522 regimen was associated with higher rates of pathologic complete response (pCR), corresponding to higher rates of breast conservation therapy (BCT) in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Stage II-III TNBC patients diagnosed between 2019 and 2022 who underwent NAT were analyzed retrospectively. NAT with KEYNOTE-522 versus control NAT were compared for rates of BCT, axillary node dissection (ALND), pCR, and survival outcomes. The prevalence of immune-related adverse events (irAE) from chemoimmunotherapy was recorded. RESULTS: Of 240 patients identified: 86 received KEYNOTE-522 and 154 received control. The frequency of pCR was significantly higher in KEYNOTE versus the control cohort, 59.3% and 33.1%, respectively (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of BCT between the control (33.1%) and the KEYNOTE-522 (32.1%) groups (p = 0.47). Rates of ALND were significantly lower with KEYNOTE-522 (25.6%) as compared with control (39.6%); p = 0.03. The rate of development of grade 2 or higher irAEs was 34.9%. At a median follow-up of 2.4 years, there was no difference in survival outcomes. BRCA1 patients had high rates of pCR regardless of treatment group, KEYNOTE-522: 80.0% (4/5) and control: 75% (9/12), (p = 1). CONCLUSION: This real-world evidence supports the use of the KEYNOTE-522 regimen in patients with early-stage TNBC given the higher pCR rate and corresponding decrease in the rate of ALND. The majority of patients in both NAT cohorts became BCT eligible, but the rate of BCT did not differ between the two groups.

Association of peritumoral region features assessed on breast MRI and prognosis of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been given to the peritumoral region. However, conflicting findings have been reported regarding the relationship between peritumoral region features on MRI and the prognosis of breast cancer. PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between peritumoral region features on MRI and prognosis of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective meta-analysis of observational studies comparing either qualitative or quantitative assessments of peritumoral MRI features on breast cancer with poor prognosis and control subjects was performed for studies published till October 2022. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using random-effects models. The heterogeneity across the studies was measured using the statistic I2. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test this association according to different study characteristics. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies comprising 1853 breast cancers of poor prognosis and 2590 control participants were included in the analysis. Peritumoral edema was associated with non-luminal breast cancers (OR=3.56; 95%CI: 2.17, 5.83; p=.000), high expression of the Ki-67 index (OR=3.70; 95%CI: 2.41, 5.70; p =.000), high histological grade (OR=5.85; 95%CI: 3.89, 8.80; p=.000), lymph node metastasis (OR=2.83; 95%CI: 1.71, 4.67; p=.000), negative expression of HR (OR=3.15; 95%CI: 2.03, 4.88; p=.000), and lymphovascular invasion (OR=1.72; 95%CI: 1.28, 2.30; p=.000). The adjacent vessel sign was associated with greater odds of breast cancer with poor prognosis (OR=2.02; 95%CI: 1.68, 2.44; p=.000). Additionally, breast cancers with poor prognosis had higher peritumor-tumor ADC ratio (SMD=0.67; 95%CI: 0.54, 0.79; p=.000) and peritumoral ADCmean (SMD=0.29; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.42; p=.000). A peritumoral region of 2-20 mm away from the margin of the tumor is recommended. CONCLUSION: The presence of peritumoral edema and adjacent vessel signs, higher peritumor-tumor ADC ratio, and peritumoral ADCmean were significantly correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: MRI features of the peritumoral region can be used as a non-invasive index for the prognostic evaluation of invasive breast cancer. KEY POINTS: • Peritumoral edema was positively associated with non-luminal breast cancer, high expression of the Ki-67 index, high histological grade, lymph node metastasis, negative expression of HR, and lymphovascular invasion. • The adjacent vessel sign was associated with greater odds of breast cancers with poor prognosis. • Breast cancers with poor prognosis had higher peritumor-tumor ADC ratio and peritumoral ADCmean.

Thermal Insulation Mechanism, Preparation, and Modification of Nanocellulose Aerogels: A Review.

Energy problems have become increasingly prominent. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective measure to save energy. As an efficient energy-saving material, nanocellulose aerogels have broad application prospects. However, nanocellulose aerogels have problems such as poor mechanical properties, high flammability, and they easily absorbs water from the environment. These defects restrict their thermal insulation performance and severely limit their application. This review analyzes the thermal insulation mechanism of nanocellulose aerogels and summarizes the methods of preparing them from biomass raw materials. In addition, aiming at the inherent defects of nanocellulose aerogels, this review focuses on the methods used to improve their mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity in order to prepare high-performance thermal insulation materials in line with the concept of sustainable development, thereby promoting energy conservation, rational use, and expanding the application of nanocellulose aerogels.

[Mendelian randomization of diabetes and prostate cancer risk in East Asian population].

OBJECTIVE: Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to explore the causal relationship between diabetes (type 1 and type 2) and prostate cancer (PCa) in East Asian population. METHODS: Mendelian randomization is a causal inference method based on genetic variation, which uses the influence of randomly assigned genotypes in nature on phenotype to infer the impact of biological factors on diseases. This study used genetic variation genes related to inflammatory biomarkers as instrumental variables to improve inference, and patient data was obtained from the GWAS database's aggregated association results. In the individual sample, we estimated the correlation between instrumental variables (SNPs) and type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and screened out strongly related SNPs, and excluded SNPs related to prostate cancer. After screening, further sensitivity analysis and visualization of research results were carried out to test the blood glucose level and the causal relationship between diabetes and prostate cancer. RESULTS: Our MR analysis found that there was a negative causal relationship between the risk of prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes.The ratio of type 2 diabetes to prostate cancer causal relationship (OR)=1.0039, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(1.0008, 1.0071), P=0.013, while type 1 diabetes had fewer SNPs screened, Failed to conduct relevant follow-up analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Under Mendel's randomization hypothesis, our research results show that in the East East Asian population, the gene predicted type 2 diabetes and the occurrence of prostate cancer have a negative causal relationship, while the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer is unknown due to the limited number of instrumental variables.

Co-N/C-900 metal-organic framework-derived nanozyme as a H2O2-free oxidase mimic for the colorimetric sensing of L-cysteine.

Nanozymes have attracted considerable attention as a new type of promising artificial enzyme in recent years. Here, an oxidase-like cobalt-nitrogen-carbon (Co-N/C-900) nanozyme with well-regulated metal atom spatial distribution has been derived from Co-Zn bimetal zeolitic imidazolate framework precursors and used to develop a facile colorimetric sensing method for L-cysteine. With the aid of Co-N/C-900, the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was oxidized to blue oxidized TMB in the absence of H2O2. However, the oxidation was inhibited after the addition of L-cysteine, and the blue color faded to colorless. Thus, Co-N/C-900 exhibited quite good oxidase-like activity with high catalytic efficiency. Therefore, a facile and efficient colorimetric method to sensitively determine L-cysteine with a low detection limit of 33 nM (S/N = 3) has been developed. Furthermore, favorable selectivity and anti-interference ability towards the determination of L-cysteine based on this approach have also been achieved. It is believed that this colorimetric method for the detection of L-cysteine based on Co-N/C-900 will show potential applications in bioscience and bioengineering.

The mechanisms and spatial-temporal effects of farmland spatial transition on agricultural carbon emission: based on 2018 counties in China.

Agricultural carbon emission reduction is an important issue in environmental protection and development in China and the world. The farmland spatial transition is an important path for agricultural modernization in developing countries such as China. How can farmland spatial transition promote agricultural carbon emission reduction? This paper aims to explore the mechanisms and spatial-temporal effects of farmland spatial transition on agricultural carbon emission density. To study the mechanisms and effects, we establish the random effect model, the threshold model, and the GTWR model with 2018 counties in China from 2000 to 2020. The research shows the farmland spatial transition mainly promotes agricultural carbon emission reduction through the interaction mechanism of large-scale production and specialized production, intermediary, and threshold mechanisms of agricultural technology. The result also shows that specialized farmland management is the main driving force of agricultural carbon emission reduction for farmland spatial transition. Moreover, the impact of farmland spatial transition on agricultural carbon emission reduction has significant spatial and temporal differences. The most significant regions are located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, while the least are the north and southwest. Besides, the impact of the farmland spatial transition on agricultural carbon emissions reduction has a "V" shape over time, indicating China's agricultural carbon emission reduction is facing enormous economic and social development challenges. Our research reveals the various mechanisms and spatial-temporal effects of the transition of farmland spatial morphology on agricultural carbon emission with an evaluation framework, which is crucial to low-carbon agriculture with proper farmland use.

Farmland Transfer, Social Security, and Households' Productive Investment: Based on China's CFPS Survey.

The willingness of farmers to transfer land on a big scale will be impacted when the rural social security system is not ideal, which will limit households' productive investment. This paper investigated the intermediate effects of social security on farmland transfer and productive investment by using zero-inflated models based on 4703 samples across China. Here are the findings: (1) Farmland transfer does not significantly impact productive investment without considering social society. (2) With the improvement in social security, farmland transfer significantly affects fixed investment but is not the same as households' current investment. (3) Under the social security constraints, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between farmland transfer and current investment. (4) The partial effect of farmland transfer on fixed investment is significantly positive, and it shows a trend of rising volatility. The government should re-examine the expected effects of the farmland transfer policy and focus on the farmers' worries about the future. Meanwhile, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the social security system and improve the multi-dimensional survival ability of farmers to give full play to the critical role of farmland transfer in current investment.

Ultra-highly sensitive organophosphorus biosensor based on chitosan/tin disulfide and British housefly acetylcholinesterase.

Pesticides have been extensively applied worldwide to protect crops from worms and insects; however, the continuous use of pesticides affects ecosystems, agricultural product safety, nontarget organisms, and human health. In this paper, we report a highly sensitive biosensor for the determination of pesticides based on tin sulfide (SnS2) and chitosan (CHIT) nanocomposites decorated with a unique British housefly acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The hydrothermally synthesized nano-SnS2 mixed with chitosan solution (CHIT-SnS2) was drop-casted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Subsequently, the British housefly AChE was immobilized on the CHIT/SnS2-coated GCE that was then employed for pesticide detection. The developed biosensor showed an ultra-high sensitivity and wide linear detection range from 0.02 nM to 20000 nM with a detection limit of 0.02 nM for the detection of chlorpyrifos as the model pesticide. Furthermore, the AChE/CHIT-SnS2/GCE exhibited acceptable storage stability, good reproducibility, and selectivity.