Gynecological Fistulae-Has Anything Changed in the Diagnosis and Treatment over the Last Decade? A Narrative Literature Review.

Gynecological fistulae are a rare but severe complication of radiation therapy, pelvic surgery, prolonged labor, cesarean deliveries, or inflammatory bowel diseases. A gynecological fistula is an abnormal pathway formed between the urinary and gynecological tract, most commonly located between the urinary bladder and vagina. Vesico-uterine and vesicovaginal fistulae are an important health issue, common in women of reproductive age in developing countries with limited access to obstetrical care. Various surgical techniques have been described for VVF repair, depending on the location, severity, and cause of the fistula and the surgeon's experience. The purpose of our review was to evaluate the present state of knowledge about the prevalence and treatment of gynecological fistulae. The PubMed scientific database was searched for original articles on the subject of gynecological fistulae that had been published between 2013 and 2023.

[Circulating immune complexes, heat shock proteins in the serum of smoking allergy sufferers--preliminary results]. / Krazace kompleksy immunologiczne, bialko szoku cieplnego w surowicach osób z alergia palacych tyton--badania wstepne.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) rises in response to immunogens appearing in human body. An increasing of the CIC concentration is observed in allergies as well as many others diseases. As a result of inflammatory process localized within intracellular space heat shock proteins (HSP) may occur. The aim of work was the CIC levels estimation as well as CIC HSP-70 presence analysis in serum of smoking and non-smoking allergy sufferers. Serum from 12 smoking and 15 non-smoking patients were examined. Serum from 34 healthy persons constituted the control group. The level of CIC was established by Haskowa precipitation method. The identification of HSP-70 antigen within CIC was determined by Dot blot method. We discovered increased CIC levels in serum from smoking allergy sufferers in comparison with non-smokers. The highest percentage of HSP-70 presence within CIC was observed in smoking allergy sufferers.

[The influence of smoking of the cigarettes on the level of circulating immunological complexes in the serum of patients with the hypersensitivity of the type I]. / Wplyw palenia papierosów na poziom krazacych kompleksów immunologicznych w surowicy chorych z nadwrazliwoscia typu I.

Circulating immunological complexes are the answer of the immunological system on appearing in the organism of the substance about the character of antigenic. The growth of the concentration of immunological complexes is described in many diseases among others in allergies. The aim of the work was the opinion of levels of circulating immunological complexes serums smoke patients and no smokes with the hypersensitivity of I type. Patients serums given an examination with the hypersensitivity of the type I (n = 22) smoking (n = 11) and nonsmoking (n = 11). 45 persons been careful for healthy made up the supervisory group. The level of circulating immunological complexes was studied the simple method of PEG precipitation according to the Haskov method. Smoking patients step out higher levels of CIC in the hypersensitivity of the type I than at patients who don't smoke.