Prognostic value of depression and anxiety on colorectal cancer-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on univariate and multivariate data.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, it remains unclear whether they are related to cancer mortality. METHOD: Based on a systematic literature search, 12 eligible studies involving 26,907 patients with CRC were included in this study. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that anxiety was associated with an all-cause mortality rate of 1.42 (1.02, 1.96), whereas multivariate analysis revealed that anxiety was not associated with an all-cause mortality rate of 0.73 (0.39, 1.36). In univariate and multivariate analyses, depression was associated with all-cause mortality rates of 1.89 (1.68, 2.13) and 1.62 (1.27, 2.06), respectively, but not with the cancer-associated mortality rate of 1.16 (0.91, 1.48) in multivariate analyses. Multivariate subgroup analysis of depression and all-cause mortality showed that younger age (≤65 years), being diagnosed with depression/anxiety after a confirmed cancer diagnosis, and shorter follow-up time (<5 years) were associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study emphasizes the key roles of depression and anxiety as independent factors for predicting the survival of patients with CRC. However, owing to the significant heterogeneity among the included studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. Early detection and effective treatment of depression and anxiety in patients with CRC have public health and clinical significance.

Evaluation of an algorithm-guided photoplethysmography for atrial fibrillation burden using a smartwatch.

BACKGROUND: Wearable devices based on the PPG algorithm can detect atrial fibrillation (AF) effectively. However, further investigation of its application on long-term, continuous monitoring of AF burden is warranted. METHOD: The performance of a smartwatch with continuous photoplethysmography (PPG) and PPG-based algorithms for AF burden estimation was evaluated in a prospective study enrolling AF patients admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital for catheter ablation from September to November 2022. A continuous Electrocardiograph patch (ECG) was used as the reference device to validate algorithm performance for AF detection in 30-s intervals. RESULTS: A total of 578669 non-overlapping 30-s intervals for PPG and ECG each from 245 eligible patients were generated. An interval-level sensitivity of PPG was 96.3% (95% CI 96.2%-96.4%), and specificity was 99.5% (95% CI 99.5%-99.6%) for the estimation of AF burden. AF burden estimation by PPG was highly correlated with AF burden calculated by ECG via Pearson correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.996) with a mean difference of -0.59 (95% limits of agreement, -7.9% to 6.7%). The subgroup study showed the robust performance of the algorithm in different subgroups, including heart rate and different hours of the day. CONCLUSION: Our results showed the smartwatch with an algorithm-based PPG monitor has good accuracy and stability in continuously monitoring AF burden compared with ECG patch monitors, indicating its potential for diagnosing and managing AF.

Impact of pre-ablation left appendage flow velocities on long term recurrence of catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Despite undergoing a single ablation, many patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) experience a gradually increasing recurrence rate. This study aims to examine the relationship between left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAeV) and filling velocity (LAAfV) profiles and 3-year recurrence of AF after ablation. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 658 consecutive PAF patients who underwent their first ablation between January 2018 and December 2019. We collected the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the patients. LAAeV and LAAfV were obtained from a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) before catheter ablation. Patients were followed at regular intervals to monitor for the primary outcome of AF recurrence. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 35.3 months (range, 10.7-36.3), 288 patients (43.8%) experienced AF recurrence after catheter ablation. Patients who experienced AF recurrence had decreased LAAeV and LAAfV (LAAeV: 56.5 ± 21.2 vs. 59.6 ± 20.7 cm/s, p = .052; LAAfV: 47.5 ± 17.9 vs. 51.7 ± 18.2, p = .003). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in the low LAAeV (<55 cm/s) group had a poorer event-free survival rate than those in the high LAAeV (≥55 cm/s) group (log-rank p = .012). Patients with LAAfV <48 cm/s had a significantly higher risk of AF recurrence than those with LAAfV ≥48 cm/s (log-rank p = .003). In the multivariable model, low LAAfV pre-ablation in TEE-guided was significantly independently associated with 3-year recurrence after single radiofrequency ablation in patients with PAF, along with LA dimension and duration of AF. CONCLUSION: This study found an independent association between low LAAfV pre-ablation in TEE-guided and 3-year recurrence after single radiofrequency ablation in patients with PAF.

Disparities in Secondary Prevention between Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease in China: Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study, 2014-2016.

BACKGROUND: Health care quality and insurance coverage have improved with economic development in China, but the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continues to increase with ongoing gaps in prevention. We aimed to compare the uptake of secondary CVD prevention between stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in China. METHODS: In a cross-sectional community-based survey of 47,841 adults (age ≥45 years) in 7 regions of China between 2014 and 2016, we identified those with a history of stroke or CHD to quantify disparities in conventional secondary CVD prevention strategies in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: There were 4,105 and 1,022 participants with a history of stroke and CHD, respectively. Compared to participants with CHD, those with a history of stroke were significantly less likely to be taking blood-pressure-lowering (39.7% vs. 53%), lipid-lowering (13.7% vs. 36.8%), and antiplatelet (20.8% vs. 50.6%) agents, at least one (48.9% vs. 70.8%) or all 3 recommended medicines (6.1% vs. 24.0%), and were less likely to achieve a lipid-cholesterol target (30.3% vs. 44.0%). Participants with a history of stroke achieved less optimal secondary prevention goals for medication use, either from any (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.66) or all 3 medications (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.20-0.36), as well as better blood pressure (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.98) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.27-0.43) levels of control. There were no significant differences in weight, smoking, or physical activity between the groups. CONCLUSION: Stroke patients had lower use of secondary CVD-preventive medication and achieved lower levels of risk factor control than those of CHD patients in China. Nationwide disease-specific strategies, and better education of participants and health care providers, may narrow these gaps.

Impact of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on Outcomes in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study.

BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction improves cardiovascular outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between lipid levels and outcomes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation by LDL-C quarters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled from 31 typical hospitals in China. Of 19 515 patients, 6775 with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) were followed for 5 years or until an event occurred. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia was not an independent risk factor for stroke/thromboembolism and cardiovascular mortality among patients with NVAF (hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.7-0.96, P=0.82). When patients were divided into quartiles according to LDL-C levels at the time of enrollment (Q1, <1.95; Q2, 1.95-2.51; Q3, 2.52-3.09; and Q4, >3.09 mmol/L), as LDL-C increased, events tapered off according to Kaplan-Meier curves for patients who were without oral anticoagulants and off statins (non-OAC; log-rank=8.3494, P=0.0393) and for those with oral anticoagulants (OAC; log-rank=6.7668 P=0.0797). This relationship was stronger for patients who were without OAC treatment and off statins than for those with OAC treatment. The relationship was not significant in patients with or without OAC and on statins (log-rank=2.5080, P=0.4738). This relationship also existed in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores <2 (log-rank=5.893, P=0.1167). For those with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2 (log-rank=6.6163, P=0.0852), the relationship was stronger. CONCLUSIONS In patients with NVAF using standard or no lipid-lowering medication, low plasma LDL-C levels were related to an increased risk of stroke/thromboembolism and cardiovascular mortality.

Sex Differences in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in China.

BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to combat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in recent decades, there are significant ongoing access gaps and sex disparities in prevention that have not been adequately quantified in China. METHODS: A representative, cross-sectional, community-based survey of adults (aged ≥45 years) was conducted in 7 geographic regions of China between 2014 and 2016. Logistic regression models were used to determine sex differences in primary and secondary CVD prevention, and any interaction by age, education level, and area of residence. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Of 47 841 participants (61.3% women), 5454 (57.2% women) had established CVD and 9532 (70.5% women) had a high estimated 10-year CVD risk (≥10%). Only 48.5% and 48.6% of women and 39.3% and 59.8% of men were on any kind of blood pressure (BP)-lowering medication, lipid-lowering medication, or antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary prevention, respectively. Women with established CVD were significantly less likely than men to receive BP-lowering medications (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.65-0.95]), lipid-lowering medications (OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56-0.84]), antiplatelets (OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.45-0.62]), or any CVD prevention medication (OR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.52-0.73]). Women with established CVD, however, had better BP control (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14-1.50]) but less well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.57-0.76]), and were less likely to smoke (OR, 13.89 [95% CI, 11.24-17.15]) and achieve physical activity targets (OR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.61-2.29]). Conversely, women with high CVD risk were less likely than men to have their BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and bodyweight controlled (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.38-0.55]; OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.52-0.69]; OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.48-0.63], respectively), despite a higher use of BP-lowering medications (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.01-1.45]). Younger patients (<65 years) with established CVD were less likely to be taking CVD preventive medications, but there were no sex differences by area of residence or education level. CONCLUSIONS: Large and variable gaps in primary and secondary CVD prevention exist in China, particularly for women. Effective CVD prevention requires an improved overall nationwide strategy and a special emphasis on women with established CVD, who have the greatest disparity and the most to benefit.

Simple method for frequency response measurement of photodetectors based on wavelength-to-time mapping.

A simple method is proposed for measuring frequency responses of photodetectors (PDs) based on wavelength-to-time mapping in this paper. The proposed method is an all-optical scheme, which is simple, fast, accurate and free from any extra calibration. Optical pulses emitted from a mode-locked laser are firstly pre-chirped by a spool of dispersive compensation fiber. In this way, the frequency spectrum of the pulses is mapped into time domain. Then, the pre-chirped pulses beat with a reference continuous wave laser with a fixed wavelength in the PD under test and generate a linearly chirped microwave signal. The frequency response information of the PD can be decoded by analyzing the generated linearly chirped microwave signal. Experimental results show that the frequency response of the PD with 3-dB bandwidth of ∼15GHz has been accurately measured with a resolution of ∼390MHz. The measurement result agrees well with the one measured by the commercial lightwave component analyzer.

Relationship between serum lipid levels and ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nested case-control study based on the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AF, whose information was acquired from the prospective China Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF), from August 2011 to December 2018. RESULTS: This study compared patients with stroke group (n = 145) with a matched control group (n = 577). Demographic data were similar except for body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) which were higher, and new oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment rate which was lower in the stroke group (all P < 0.05). Baseline median [IQR] levels of including triglyceride (TG) were higher in the stroke group (21.96 [16.74, 21.52], mg/dL) than the control group (19.62 [14.76, 27.36], mg/dL) (P = 0.012), while the total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were similar between the two groups. Elevated TG and HDL-C were positively associated with ischemic stroke (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, P = 0.032; OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, P = 0.025), after adjustment for BMI, systolic blood pressure, DBP, CHA2DS2-VASc score, HAS-BLED score, NOAC, LDL-C and HDL-C. However, NOAC (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.84, P = 0.029) could decrease the likelihood of ischemic stroke in patients with AF. In subgroup analysis, higher TG level remained significantly associated with ischemic stroke for AF patients without a history of smoking (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.55, P = 0.028). CONCLUSION: Higher level of TG and HDL-C were positively associated with ischemic stroke in patients with AF.

Incidence and risk factors of post-operative cognitive decline after ablation for atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is widely used in atrial fibrillation (AF) management. In this study, we are aimed to investigate the incidence of postprocedural cognitive decline in a larger population undergoing AF ablation under local anesthesia, and to evaluate the associated risk factors. METHODS: This study included 287 patients with normal cognitive functions, with 190 ablated AF patients (study group) and 97 AF patients who are awaiting ablation (practice group). We assessed the neuropsychological function of each patient for twice (study group: 24 h prior to ablation and 48 h post ablation; practice group: on the day of inclusion and 72 h later but before ablation). The reliable change index was used to analyze the neuropsychological testing scores and to identify postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) at 48 h post procedure. Patients in the study group accepting a 6-month follow up were given an extra cognitive assessment. RESULTS: Among the ablated AF patients, 13.7% (26/190) had POCD at 48 h after the ablation procedure. Multivariable analysis revealed that, a minimum intraoperative activated clotting time (ACT) < 300 s (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.48-9.96, P = 0.006) and not taking oral anticoagulants within one month prior to ablation(OR 10.35, 95% CI 3.54-30.27, P < 0.001) were significantly related to POCD at 48 h post-ablation. In 172 patients of the study group accepting a 6-month follow up, there were 23 patients with POCD at 48 h post-ablation and 149 patients without POCD. The global cognitive scores were decreased in 48 h post-operation tests (0 ± 1 vs - 0.15 ± 1.10, P < 0.001) and improved significantly at 6 months post-operation (0 ± 1 vs 0.43 ± 0.92, P < 0.001). In the 23 patients with POCD at 48 h after the procedure, global cognitive performance at 6 months was not significantly different compared with that at baseline (- 0.05 ± 1.25 vs - 0.19 ± 1.33, P = 0.32), while 13 of them had higher scores than baseline level. CONCLUSIONS: Incident of POCD after ablation procedures is high in the short term. Inadequate periprocedural anticoagulation are possible risk factors. However, most POCD are reversible at 6 months, and a general improvement was observed in cognitive function at 6 months after ablation.

Incidence and predictors of hospitalization in patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the Chinese atrial fibrillation registry study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent a high risk of hospitalization, which has not been paid much attention to in practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the incidence, causes and predictors of hospitalization in AF patients. METHODS: From August 2011 to December 2017, a total number of 20,172 AF patients from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF) Study were prospectively selected for this study. We described the incidence, causes of hospitalization by age groups and sex. The Fine-Gray competing risk model was employed to identify predictors of first all-cause and first cause-specific hospitalization. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 37.3 ± 20.4 months, 7,512 (37.2%) AF patients experienced one or more hospitalizations. The overall incidence of all-cause hospitalization was 24.0 per 100 patient-years. Patients aged < 65 years were predominantly hospitalized for AF (42.1% of the total hospitalizations); while patients aged 65-74 and ≥ 75 years were mainly hospitalized for non-cardiovascular diseases (43.6% and 49.3%, respectively). We found patients complicated with heart failure (HF)[hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.18], established coronary artery disease (CAD) (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.17-1.33), ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) (HR 1.22, 95%CI 1.15-1.30), diabetes (HR 1.14, 95%CI 1.08-1.20), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.02-1.62), gastrointestinal disorder (HR 1.37, 95%CI 1.21-1.55), and renal dysfunction (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.09-1.42) had higher risks of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: More than one-third of AF patients included in this study were hospitalized at least once during over 3-year follow-up. The main cause for hospitalization among the elderly patients (≥ 65 years) is non-cardiovascular diseases rather than AF. Multidisciplinary management of comorbidities should be advocated to reduce hospitalization in AF patients older than 65 years old. Clinical Registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5831 . Unique identifier: ChiCTR-OCH-13003729. The registration date is October 22, 2013.

The safety of discontinuation of oral anticoagulation therapy after apparently successful atrial fibrillation ablation: a report from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study.

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the safety of discontinuing oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy after apparently successful atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, using data from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 4512 consecutive patients who underwent successful AF ablation between August 2011 and December 2017. Of them, 3149 discontinued OAC 3 months post-ablation (Off-OAC group) and 1363 continued OAC beyond this period (On-OAC group). Regular follow-up examinations were undertaken to detect AF recurrence, monitor OAC therapy, and measure clinical outcomes. Primary outcomes included thromboembolic and major bleeding (MB) events experienced beyond 3 months after ablation. Low thromboembolic and MB event rates were noted in the on-treatment analysis. The incidence rates for thromboembolism were 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.76] and 0.86 (95% CI 0.56-1.30) per 100 patient-years, and that for MB events were 0.19 (95% CI 0.11-0.34) and 0.35 (95% CI 0.18-0.67) per 100 patient-years, for the Off-OAC and On-OAC groups over mean follow-up periods of 24.2 ± 14.7 and 23.0 ± 13.6 months, respectively. Similar results were observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. Previous history of ischaemic stroke (IS)/transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/systemic embolism (SE) [hazard ratio (HR) 3.40, 95% CI 1.92-6.02; P < 0.01] and diabetes mellitus (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.20-3.55, P = 0.01) were independently associated with thromboembolic events, while OAC discontinuation (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41-1.23, P = 0.21) remained insignificant in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that it may be safe to discontinue OAC in post-ablation patients under diligent monitoring, in the absence of AF recurrence, history of IS/TIA/SE, and diabetes mellitus. However, further large-scale randomized trials are required to confirm this. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-OCH-13003729. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5831.

Physical activity and atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence in atrial fibrillation patients after catheter ablation.

BACKGROUND: The association between physical activity (PA) and atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 496 patients treated with AF ablation therapy in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. After excluding six patients with valvular heart disease, seven patients with congenital heart disease, 33 patients lost to follow-up, and 14 patients who did not provide PA level during follow-ups, 436 patients had their PA level assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form before ablation and each time of follow-up. The association between PA level (measured at the time closest to AT recurrence, or the end of 12-month follow-up if no AT recurrence), as well as active PA during follow-up, and postablation AT recurrence was tested by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the enrolled patients, 134 (30.7%) patients experienced AT recurrence in the first 12 months postablation. Compared to patients with low PA, patients with moderate or high PA had a lower risk of AT recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = .44; 95% confidence interval [CI], .25-.80; P = .01 for patients with moderate PA; and OR = .43 [95% CI, .21-.85], P = .02 for patients with high PA). Compared to patients without active PA, patients with active PA had a lower risk of AT recurrence (OR = .44 [95% CI, .27-.70], P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate and high PA are associated with a lower risk of AT recurrence after AF ablation. Active PA during follow-up is also associated with a significantly lower risk of AT recurrence in the postablation AF population.

Effectiveness and safety of atrial fibrillation ablation in females.

BACKGROUND: Existing data on the effectiveness and safety of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in females are limited to studies of small sample size, lacking longer term follow-up or adjustment for potential confounders. METHODS: A total of 6421 patients (2072 females) undergoing a first AF ablation procedure after enrollment in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF) study between August 2011 and December 2017 were analyzed. We evaluated the effectiveness (recurrence of documented [symptomatic or not] atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT)) and the safety (incidence of procedure-related complications) of AF ablation in female patients compared to male patients. Sensitivity analyses based on routine data were also utilized to avoid potential sex differences in reporting of AF symptoms. RESULTS: Females were about 5 years older than males at the time of ablation (mean age 63.4 ± 9.5 vs 58.3 ± 10.8, P < .0001). A higher proportion of female patients had paroxysmal AF (74.3% vs 56.7%, P < .0001), hypertension (69.7% vs 61.3%, P < .0001), and hyperlipidemia (57.2% vs 52.9%, P = .001). Female sex was found to be an independent risk factor of AT recurrence in multivariate analyses (HR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15-1.38, P < .0001). These findings were confirmed in sensitivity analyses using only Holter data. Female sex was also associated with a higher risk of periprocedural complications after adjustment for baseline variables (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.94, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is an independent risk factor of AT recurrence and periprocedural complications after AF ablation.

Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison.

BACKGROUND Whether ablation therapy reduces the risk of death and embolic events in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS AF patients ≥65 years old receiving either catheter ablation or non-ablation therapy at 2 tertiary and 2 non-tertiary hospitals in Beijing from November 2009 to December 2012 were enrolled. Patients were followed up every 6 months for information on treatment and clinical event occurrence. A propensity score matching algorithm produced comparable 2 groups of patients treated with ablation or non-ablation. Rates of a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal stroke, and peripheral embolism were the primary outcomes. Each composite component and major bleeding were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS There were 596 ablated patients and 1144 patients with non-ablation therapy enrolled. Propensity score algorithm matched 347 comparable pairs of patients. Patient characteristics variables were well balanced. During 523.5 and 497.5 patient-years follow-up, respectively, ablation therapy was associated with a significant lower risk of experiencing the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR]=0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.85), all-cause death (HR=0.13 95% CI: 0.04-0.43), and major bleeding (HR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.12-0.67), without apparent heterogeneity by age, sex, and AF type, and for risk score subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In this propensity-matched elderly sample, ablation therapy was associated with lower risk of composite outcome consisting of all-cause death, non-fatal stroke, and peripheral embolism, and therefore might be an alternative to conservative therapy.

Control of Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Warfarin: A Study from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry.

BACKGROUND Several factors determine the efficacy of warfarin anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study aimed to use data from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study to assess the control of anticoagulation therapy in Chinese patients with NVAF treated with warfarin. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study the anticoagulant use and dosing, the time in therapeutic range (TTR) of the international normalized ratio (INR), and standard deviation of the observed INR values (SDINR), and their influencing factors were evaluated. RESULTS The median INR and SDINR were 2.04 (IQR 1.71-2.41) and 0.50 (IQR, 0.35-0.69), respectively. The median TTR was 51.7% (IQR, 30.6-70.1%) and only 25.1% had a TTR ≥70%. Age was ≥70 years (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94; P=0.015), bleeding history (OR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-0.89; P=0.029), the use of a single drug (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.92; P=0.016), more than drug (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.88; P=0.009), and lack of assessment of bleeding risk (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.97; P=0.033) were associated with TTR <70% (INR 2.0-3.0). Coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.90; P=0.007) and diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99; P=0.044) were associated with increased variability in INR (SDINR ≥0.5). CONCLUSIONS In Chinese patients with NVAF, warfarin anticoagulation was associated with lower TTR and less stable anticoagulation than in current guidelines, and risk factors for reduced safety and efficacy were identified.

Current Status and Time Trends of Oral Anticoagulation Use Among Chinese Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reported rates of oral anticoagulation (OAC) use have been low among Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). With improved awareness, changing guidelines, this situation may be changing over time. We aimed to explore the current status and time trends of OAC use in Beijing. METHODS: We used the data set from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (CAFR), a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based registry study involving 20 tertiary and 12 nontertiary hospitals in Beijing. A total of 11 496 patients with AF were enrolled from 2011 to 2014. RESULTS: Seven thousand nine hundred seventy-seven eligible patients were included in this ancillary study. The proportions of OAC use were 36.5% (2268/6210), 28.5% (333/1168), and 21.4% (128/599) for patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2, 1, and 0, respectively. Persistent AF, history of stroke/transient ischemic attack/peripheral embolism, diabetes mellitus, higher body mass index, and tertiary hospital management were factors positively associated with OAC use, whereas older age, previous bleeding, hypercholesterolemia, and established coronary artery disease were factors negatively associated with OAC use. Among patients with CHADS2 scores ≥2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2, the proportion of OAC use increased from 31.3% to 64.5% and 30.2% to 57.7%, respectively, from 2011 to 2014. Variation in OAC use was substantial among different hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: An improvement of OAC use among Chinese patients with AF in Beijing is observed in recent years although only 36.5% of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 received OAC. However, variations between different hospitals were large, suggesting that better education and awareness are needed to improve efforts for stroke prevention among AF patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5831. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-OCH-13003729.

Effect of different anaesthetic techniques on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer after resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and inhalation anaesthesia (IA) on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer after resection is controversial. This study aimed to explore the effects of different anaesthesia methods on the postoperative prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant literature from each database's inception until 18 November 2023. The literature topic was to compare the effects of TIVA and IA on the prognosis of patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection. Results: Six studies were selected for meta-analysis. The studies involved 111043 patients, with a trial size of 1001-88184 people. A statistically significant difference was observed in the overall survival (OS) between colorectal cancer patients administered TIVA and IA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.99), but none in recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90-1.08). In the subgroup analysis of OS, no statistically significant difference was observed between colorectal cancer patients administered TIVA and IA in Asia (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.57-1.05), and not in Europe (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.93-1.06). Regarding tumour location, no significant association was found between TIVA and IA in the colon, rectum and colorectum ((HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.38-1.28), (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83-1.08) and (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.93-1.06), respectively). Conclusion: OS differed significantly between patients administered TIVA and IA when undergoing colorectal cancer resection, but no difference was observed in RFS. The prognostic effects of TIVA and IA differed. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023453185, identifier CRD42023453185.

Factors associated with patients' healthcare-seeking behavior and related clinical outcomes under China's hierarchical healthcare delivery system.

Introduction: The hierarchical healthcare delivery system is an important measure to improve the allocation of medical resources and promote equitable distribution of basic medical and health services. It is one of the key factors in the success or failure of China's medical reform. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing patients' healthcare-seeking behaviors, including socioeconomic and clinical outcomes, under China's hierarchical healthcare delivery system, and to provide potential solutions. Methods: Patients receiving outpatient treatment in the past 14 days and inpatient care in the past 1 year were investigated. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patient's medical treatment behavior selection, and to compare whether the clinical outcomes of primary medical institutions and grade A hospitals are the same. Results: Nine thousand and ninety-eight person-times were included in the study. Of these, 4,538 patients were outpatients, 68.27% of patients were treated in primary medical institutions; 4,560 patients were hospitalized, 58.53% chose to be hospitalized in grade A hospitals. Provinces and cities, urban and rural areas, occupation, education level, medical insurance type, income, whether there are comorbid diseases, and doctors' medical behavior are the factors affecting the choice of medical treatment behavior. Patients who choose primary medical institutions and grade A hospitals have different control levels and control rate for the blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose. Conclusion: Under the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, the patients' choice of hospital is mainly affected by their level of education, medical insurance types, and the inpatients are also affected by whether there are comorbid conditions. Clinical outcomes of choosing different levels of hospitals were different.

Impact of diagnosis-to-ablation time on clinical outcomes in patients with early-onset atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Evidence was lacking for the early choice of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) among patients with early-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to explore whether earlier RFA was associated with better clinical outcomes among early-onset AF patients. METHODS: Patients, who were diagnosed with AF before 45 years and underwent their first RFA procedures at baseline of the China Atrial Fibrillation registry, were enrolled and divided into four diagnosis-to-ablation time (DAT) groups: DAT ≤ 1 year, 1 year < DAT ≤ 3 years, 3 years < DAT ≤ 6 years, and DAT > 6 years. Another group of nonablation patients, who were newly diagnosed with AF and younger than 45 years, were also included. Adjusted associations of groups with composite cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, embolism, major hemorrhages, or cardiac rehospitalization) or recurrent AF were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Among 1694 patients who underwent their first RFA at enrollment, incidences of composite cardiovascular outcomes were increasing with extension of DAT (DAT ≤ 1 year: 6.1/100 person-years, 1 year < DAT ≤ 3 years: 7.9/100 person-years, 3 years < DAT ≤ 6 years: 7.6/100 person-years, DAT > 6 years: 10.5/100 person-years; p < .001). In comparison with DAT > 6 years group, the DAT ≤ 1 year group was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, HR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.64 [0.47-0.87], p = .005) and AF recurrence (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.70 [0.57-0.88], p = .002). Associations remained similar after stratified by AF types. Compared to nonablation group (n = 413), DAT ≤ 1year patients tended to show lower cardiovascular risk (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.58-1.05], p = .099) and lower risk of recurrent AF (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.46 [0.38-0.55], p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A shorter DAT was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events and recurrent AF for early-onset AF patients.

Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma of the perineum: A case report and literature review.

Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma of the perineum is a rare soft-tissue malignancy, and only 55 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. This tumor has an indetectable early symptom and frequent recurrences. Here, we present the case of a 31-year-old man with proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma of the perineum who underwent wide excision. Further, we reviewed the current literature regarding differential diagnosis and management of this disease.