Assessment of dietary nutrient intake and its relationship to the nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease in Guangdong province of China.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the common congenital malformations in children and cause malnutrition. We determine the association between dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status of children with CHD. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: 428 children of age 1-10 years with CHD admitted. The dietary nutrient intake was recorded after 3 days of 24-h recall. The growth and nutritional status of children were evaluated using anthropometric measurements and z-scores. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition was 37.6% in CHD. 57.8%, 12.6%, 43.8%, and 40.6% of children did not meet their requirements for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively. The prevalence of insufficient intake was 88.3% for calcium, 35.9% for magnesium, 21.9% for iron, and 12.5% for zinc. 15%-86% of children did not meet vitamin requirements. 85.2% and 53.9% of children did not meet their requirements for vitamin A and vitamin C. The prevalence of insufficient intake was 39.1% for thiamin, 24.2% for riboflavin, 15.6% for niacin and 28.1% for vitamin E. Compared with the normal nutrition group, malnutrition group had a relatively lower intake of proteins, iron, zinc and vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS: An obvious deficiency of dietary nutrient intake was found among children with CHD, especially CHD with malnutrition. Dietary intake related to the nutritional status of children with CHD. The gap between actual consumption and recommendation indicates a need for improved nutritional counseling and monitoring. Early interventions targeting the dietary intakes of children with CHD may be a benefit for long-term effects associated with nutritional status.

Intensive low-glycaemic-load dietary intervention for the management of glycaemia and serum lipids among women with gestational diabetes: a randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to compare the effects of a general dietary intervention and an intervention with low glycaemic load (GL) on glycaemic control, blood lipid metabolism and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either an individualized general dietary intervention (Control group) or an intensive low-GL intervention (Low-GL group) every two weeks, from 24-26 weeks of gestation to delivery. SETTING: The Center of Maternal Primary Care in Guangdong General Hospital, China. SUBJECTS: Ninety-five women with gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled from June 2008 to July 2009. RESULTS: After the intervention, both groups significantly decreased their dietary intakes of energy, fat and carbohydrate. The Low-GL group had significantly lower values for GL (122 v. 136) and glycaemic index (50 v. 54) but greater dietary fibre intake (33 v. 29 g/d) than did the Control group (all P<0·01). Significantly greater decreases in fasting plasma glucose (-0·33 v. -0·02 mmol/l, P<0·01) and 2 h postprandial glucose (-2·98 v. -2·51 mmol/l, P<0·01), significantly lower increases in total cholesterol (0·12 v. 0·23 mmol/l) and TAG (0·41 v. 0·56 mmol/l) and a significantly lower decrease in HDL cholesterol (-0·01 v. -0·11 mmol/l) were also observed in the Low-GL group compared with the Control group (all P<0·05). There were no significant differences in body weight gain, birth weight or other maternal-fetal perinatal outcomes between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The low-GL targeted dietary intervention outperformed the general dietary intervention in glycaemic control and the improvement of blood lipid levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

[Application of different nutrition therapies in pregnancy with abnormal glucose metabolism].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of different nutrition therapies on abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: The 83 cases of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism who came to nutrition clinic were randomly divided into two groups before 30 weeks pregnancy: 42 cases in traditional food exchange serving group (FES) and 41 cases in food exchange serving based on glycemic load group (FES + GL). Traditional food exchange serving and food exchange serving based on glycemic load were used as the different nutrition therapies for two groups respectively until the time of delivery. The influence of two nutrition therapies on the blood glucose and pregnancy outcomes were observed. RESULTS: The daily food glucose load (GL) after nutrition therapy in the FES + GL group (145.9 ± 26.3) were significantly decreased than that of the FES group (179.9 ± 28.9, t = 5.602, P < 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 h postprandial glucose (2 h PG) ((4.63 ± 0.97) and (6.15 ± 1.07) mmol/L, respectively) after nutrition therapy in the FES + GL group were significantly lower than that in pre-nutrition therapy ((4.96 ± 0.81) and (9.13 ± 1.61) mmol/L, t = 2.237, 11.202, respectively, all P values < 0.05). The 2 h PG in the FES + GL group ((6.15 ± 1.07) mmol/L) after nutrition therapy was significantly lower than that of the FES group ((6.86 ± 1.26) mmol/L, t = 2.760, P < 0.05). 19.51% (8/41) of the total incidence of complications in the FES + GL group was lower than that (11/42, 26.19%) in the FES group, but the difference was not significant (χ² = 0.524, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: FES based on GL was much easier to reduce blood glucose compared with FES. Two nutrition therapies can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism.

Effects of resveratrol on the inflammatory response and renal injury in hyperuricemic rats.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperuricemic nephropathy is a common cause of acute kidney injury. Resveratrol can ameliorate kidney injury, but the explicit mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of resveratrol on the inflammatory response and renal injury in hyperuricemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: A rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy was established by the oral administration of a mixture of adenine and potassium oxinate. Biochemical analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to assess the rat kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate the immune and oxidative responses. RESULTS: The expression levels of urine albumin and ß2-microglobulin were significantly decreased after resveratrol treatment. In addition, the levels of serum creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased in the resveratrol groups, compared with the control group. The levels of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1ß and tumor necrosis factor-α, in kidney tissue and serum were also increased in the hyperuricemic rats, and resveratrol treatment inhibited their expression. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity in kidney tissue as well as the superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase levels in serum were all decreased by resveratrol treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol may protect against hyperuricemic nephropathy through regulating the inflammatory response.

Effects of resveratrol on bone mineral density in ovarectomized rats.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, HRT is not for everyone, due to concerns of side effects as well as increased risk of breast and possibly uterine cancer. Therefore, Dietary alternatives are considered, which include Trans-3,5,4'-Trihydroxystilbene (trans-resveratrol), a phytoestrogen naturally found in grapes, peanuts and wine with beneficial effects in both cardioprotective and chemopreventive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of trans-resveratrol on the bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. 48 Rats were assigned to the following groups: sham surgery + normal diet; ovariectomy (Ovx) + normal diet; Ovx + diethylstilbestrol 0.03 mg × kgbw(-1) × d(-1);Ovx +Trans-Resveratrol 5 mg × kgbw(-1) × d(-1); Ovx + Trans-Resveratrol 15 mg × kgbw(-1) × d(-1); Trans-Resveratrol 45 mg × kgbw(-1) × d(-1). The rats were fed for 90 days. In the 90th day, OVX + Trans-Resveratrol 45 mg/(kgbw(-1)·d) group had a greater bone mineral density (BMD) than other groups. In the OVX + Trans-Resveratrol 45 mg/(kgbw(-1)·d), indices of endocortical bone formation (ALP 37.90 ± 2.96U/100ml, BGP 1.27 ± 0.10 ng/ml) were greater than those of the other groups, while the index of endocortical bone absorption (TRAP 10.35 ± 1.72 U/L) were lower than those of the other groups. Histopathological examination showed that resveratrol had no endometrial hyperplasia adverse effect. All of these support that resveratroal may have positive effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention.