[Levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E and their influencing factors in children with obesity]. / è‚¥èƒ–ç—‡å„¿ç«¥è„‚æº¶æ€§ç»´ç”Ÿç´ A、D、Eæ°´å¹³åŠå ¶å½±å“å› ç´ .

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E in children with obesity and their influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 273 children with obesity who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xi'an Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled as the obesity group. A total of 226 children with normal body weight who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured for both groups, and the serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, and E were also measured. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the obesity group had significantly higher serum levels of vitamin A [(1.32±0.21) µmol/L vs (1.16±0.21) µmol/L, P<0.001] and vitamin E [(9.3±1.4) mg/L vs (8.3±1.2) mg/L, P<0.001] and a significant reduction in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(49±22) nmol/L vs (62±24) nmol/L, P<0.001]. In the obesity group, the prevalence rates of marginal vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and vitamin E insufficiency were 5.5% (15/273), 56.8% (155/273), and 4.0% (11/273), respectively. After adjustment for body mass index Z-score and waist-to-height ratio, serum vitamin A level was positively correlated with age (P<0.001), while vitamins E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively correlated with age in children with obesity (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, the serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not correlated with degree of obesity, percentage of body fat, and duration of obesity in children with obesity, while the serum levels of vitamins A and E were positively correlated with waist-to-height ratio (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are higher serum levels of vitamins A and E in children with obesity, especially in those with abdominal obesity, while serum vitamin D nutritional status is poor and worsens with age. Therefore, vitamin D nutritional status should be taken seriously for children with obesity, and vitamin D supplementation should be performed when necessary.

CaMKII mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury­induced contracture in isolated rat heart.

Contracture or diastolic dysfunction is a primary cause of injury following ischemia/reperfusion (IR). The present study examined whether Ca2+/calmodulin­dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is involved in contracture. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to either global IR or Ca2+ paradox (CaP), which is characterized by contracture. Left ventricular end­diastolic pressure, electron microscopy and troponin I  TnI) in coronary effluent were examined to indicate the extent of contracture. Compared with control hearts, both the IR and CaP groups exhibited an increase in necrosis and apoptosis, and a marked depression in contractile function. Western blot analysis showed that IR stimulated the phosphorylation (Thr287) and oxidation (Met281/282) of CaMKII, and the phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN), a substrate of CaMKII. By contrast, only the phosphorylation of CaMKII was increased in the CaP group. Treatment with either 3 µM KN­62, an inhibitor of CaMKII, or 5 µM KB­R7943, an inhibitor of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, mitigated the damage and the post­translational modification of both CaMKII and PLN. Similar to the effect of the negative inotropic agent 2,3­butanedione­monoxime, the increased cell survival after treatment with KN­62 was associated with improved diastolic function. Examination using electron microscopy and a biochemical test showed the development of contraction bands, disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane and an increase in the release of TnI in both IR and CaP hearts; these results indicated the occurrence of contracture. Furthermore, these changes were inhibited by either KN­62 or KB­R7943. Taken together, these data provided evidence that CaMKII mediates reperfusion­elicited contracture, and that the activation of CaMKII via phosphorylation is involved in this process.

A new sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of H(2)-receptor antagonists.

Based on the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity generated from the potassium ferricyanide [K(3)Fe(CN)(6)]-rhodamine 6G system in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) medium, a new sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed, validated and applied for the determination of three kinds of H(2)-receptor antagonists: cimetidine (CIMT), ranitidine (RANT) hydrochloride and famotidine (FAMT). Under the optimum conditions, the linear range for the determination was 1.0 x 10(-9)-7.0 x 10(-5) g/ml for CIMT, 1.0 x 10(-9)-5.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for RANT hydrochloride and 5.0 x 10(-9)-7.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for FAMT. During 11 repeated measurements of 1.0 x 10(-6) g/mL sample solutions, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all <5%. The detection limit was 8.56 x 10(-10) g/mL for CIMT, 8.69 x 10(-10) g/mL for RANT hydrochloride and 2.35 x 10(-9) g/mL for FAMT (S:N = 3). This method has been successfully implemented for the analysis of H(2)-receptor antagonists in pharmaceuticals.