Synthesis and properties of wax based on waste cooking oil.

In this work, a cost-effective wax was synthesized from waste cooking oil (WCO), and its properties including melting point, color, hardness, combustion performance and micro-morphology were tested and analyzed. The obtained results showed that the epoxy waste cooking oil had lighter color, higher melting point and hardness than that of original WCO, which could be used as wax. Moreover, introducing stearic acid further improved the performances of WCO-based wax. The WCO-based wax made of epoxy waste cooking oil and stearic acid (containing ≥50 wt% stearic acid) displayed a relatively high melting point (≥46 °C), light color (Lovibond color code Y ≤ 16.1, R ≤ 2.3), good hardness (needle penetration index ≤2.95 mm) and long combustion time (≥227 min), and could achieve the required national standard and be used as a substitute for the commercially available soybean wax. Together with many additional benefits such as low synthesis cost, mild reaction conditions, convenient synthesis route, and no secondary pollution, producing wax based on WCO could provide a new path for WCO recycling in economically trailing regions.

Fatty acid wax from epoxidation and hydrolysis treatments of waste cooking oil: synthesis and properties.

To provide low-cost wax and a new methodology for utilizing waste cooking oil (WCO), fatty acid wax based on WCO was synthesized by using epoxidation and hydrolysis treatments, whose properties included melting point, color, hardness, combustion properties, aldehyde content, and microscopic morphology were tested and analyzed. The obtained WCO-based wax contained mixed fatty acids, including palmitic acid and 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid as main constituents, which could form a 3D stable crossing network constructed by large long-rod crystals. The WCO-based wax with high fatty acid content (96.41 wt%) has a high melting point (44-53 °C), light color (Lovibond color code Y = 11.9, R = 2.3), good hardness (needle penetration index = 2.66 mm), long candle burning time (293 min), and low aldehyde content (7.98 × 10-2 µg g-1), which could be a lower-cost alternative of commercial soybean wax (SW) for producing various wax products including candles, crayons, waxworks, etc.