Interaction among genes influencing ethanol metabolism and sex is association with alcohol use disorders in a Tibet population.

Associations between alcohol use disorders and polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism have been widely reported, but gene-gene and gene-sex interaction studies have rarely been examined. Using a set of samples collected during an epidemiological study of alcohol use disorders AUDs in a Tibetan population in China, we performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between the functional polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism and AUDs. The sample included 383 individuals with an AUDIT score >or=10 and 350 control subjects with the AUDIT score

An epidemiological survey of alcohol use disorders in a Tibetan population.

We performed an epidemiological survey in order to detect the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in a sub-group of the population of Tibet. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire, the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), and a 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) were used to obtain epidemiological data on alcohol use disorders and to assess the severity of 'problem drinking' and general mental health status. The AUDIT is a reliable and valid screening tool for both alcohol abuse and dependence in the Tibetan population to identify individuals with alcohol use problems. The cut-off points were set to be 10 and 13 of the AUDIT scores as a diagnostic discriminator of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, respectively, with both sensitivity and specificity>0.84. The prevalence of alcohol abuse, was 2.7% (female: 2.0%; male: 6.2%), alcohol dependence 13.5% (female: 7.6%; male: 25.4%) and alcohol use disorders 16.2% (female: 9.6%; male: 31.6%). Age and sex were the main factors affecting an individual's alcohol use and general mental health status. The epidemiological data on alcohol use disorders documented in this project may be helpful in future work seeking more valid causal inferences or interpretations related to this prevalent health problem in Tibet.

Functional polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene and alcohol use disorders in a Tibetan population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the CYP2E1*c1/*c2 polymorphism and alcohol use disorders, and the potential influence of the CYP2E1*c1/*c2 polymorphism on the severity and dimensions of alcohol use disorders in Tibetan. METHODS: Three hundred and forty Tibetans with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score >or=10 and another 315 matched control subjects with AUDIT score

The Langmuir monolayer adsorption model of organic matter into effective pores in activated carbon.

A model of Langmuir monolayer liquid adsorption into effective pores was used to study the monolayer adsorption capacity by theory calculation. The activated carbon (AC) from rice husk with NaOH activation was selected as adsorbent to uptake phenol and methylene blue (MB). Materials were characterized by N(2) adsorption, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV). In adsorption kinetics, it was observed that the experimental data were well explained by the pseudo second-order equation. Moreover, the Langmuir isotherm was more suitable to explicate results than Freundlich isotherm, implying the monolayer adsorption. Basing on the molecule diameter of 0.72 nm and cross-sectional area of 0.414 nm(2) for phenol, the theoretical adsorption capacities were close to the actual values with small relative error (<7%). Due to the large molecule size of MB (0.98 nm, 0.749 nm(2)), the sample with wider pores activated at 900°C exhibited the higher adsorption capacity than AC at 700°C. And the capillary condensation increased the adsorption capacities, consistent with the order of average pore diameter for ACs. From the model, it indicated that the adsorbent was suitable for adsorption when its critical pore width was two times of adsorbate molecule diameter.