Modeling Structured Dependency Tree with Graph Convolutional Networks for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification.

Aspect-based sentiment analysis is a fine-grained task where the key goal is to predict sentiment polarities of one or more aspects in a given sentence. Currently, graph neural network models built upon dependency trees are widely employed for aspect-based sentiment analysis tasks. However, most existing models still contain a large amount of noisy nodes that cannot precisely capture the contextual relationships between specific aspects. Meanwhile, most studies do not consider the connections between nodes without direct dependency edges but play critical roles in determining the sentiment polarity of an aspect. To address the aforementioned limitations, we propose a Structured Dependency Tree-based Graph Convolutional Network (SDTGCN) model. Specifically, we explore construction of a structured syntactic dependency graph by incorporating positional information, sentiment commonsense knowledge, part-of-speech tags, syntactic dependency distances, etc., to assign arbitrary edge weights between nodes. This enhances the connections between aspect nodes and pivotal words while weakening irrelevant node links, enabling the model to sufficiently express sentiment dependencies between specific aspects and contextual information. We utilize part-of-speech tags and dependency distances to discover relationships between pivotal nodes without direct dependencies. Finally, we aggregate node information by fully considering their importance to obtain precise aspect representations. Experimental results on five publicly available datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model over state-of-the-art approaches; furthermore, the accuracy and F1-score show a significant improvement on the majority of datasets, with increases of 0.74, 0.37, 0.65, and 0.79, 0.75, 1.17, respectively. This series of enhancements highlights the effective progress made by the STDGCN model in enhancing sentiment classification performance.

Impact of total carbon/sulfate on methane production and sulfate removal from co-digestion of sulfate-containing wastewater and corn stalk.

During the process of preparing furfural by straw depolymerization with dilute sulfuric acid, large amounts of high temperature sulfate-rich organic wastewater were produced. It cannot be treated directly by anaerobic digestion and converted to bioenergy due to high concentrations of sulfate. In this study, anaerobic co-digestion of sulfate containing wastewater and corn stalk was performed at thermophilic conditions to investigate the influences of total carbon (TC)/sulfate (6, 16, 35 and 110) on methane production and sulfate removal. The results showed that the highest methane production of 260.14 mL g-1 volatile solid (VS) was achieved at TC/sulfate of 35, which was significantly higher than 12.53 mL g-1 VS obtained at TC/sulfate of 6. Moreover, the results of sulfate balance analysis showed a maximum sulfate removal of 93.43% was achieved at TC/sulfate of 16, and sulfate concentration in biogas slurry was less than 0.1 g/L regardless of TC/sulfate after 28 days of co-digestion. The microbial community was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing technology, the results showed that methane was mainly produced by Methanoculleus and Methanosarcina, and sulfate was removed via Desulfotomaculum, and the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea (MA) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were significantly correlated with methane production and sulfate removal. It can concluded that higher methane production and sulfate removal can be obtained by anaerobic co-digestion of sulfate containing wastewater and corn stalk at properly TC/sulfate.

[Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Intestinal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features of intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: The clinical features, pathological morphology, immunophenotype, and EBER in situ hybridization of 136 DLBCL patients diagnosed in Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2007 to October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 136 DLBCL samples were obtained, the DLBCL sites were categorized as: duodenum (n=23), ileocecal region (n=63), other small intestine (n=29), rectum (n=7), and other large intestine (n=14). Survival curves for the DLBCL patients were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and judged by the Log-rank test. RESULTS: Patients with DLBCL of the ileocecal region and other small intestine except duodenum were mainly male (P=0.042), and had a higher proportion of limited-stage tumors(P=0.015), and lower International Prognostic Index (IPI) (P=0.001). Patients with DLBCL of ileocecal region had higher incidence of lactate dehydrogenase elevation (P=0.007), and higher incidence of intestinal obstruction or perforation (P<0.001) than those with DLBCL of other regions. The 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival of patients with DLBCL in ileocecal and other small intestine sites were higher than those in other sites, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.135, 0.459). Fifty percent of intestinal DLBCL were germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtypes. A low-grade B-cell lymphoma was found in 21% of 136 tumor samples. In ileocecal and other small intestinal specimens, the proportion of low-grade B-cell lymphoma was 29%, and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.025). About 16% of 136 DLBCL samples expressed follicular lymphoma while no mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma . The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA-1 (EBER1) positive rate of duodenal DLBCL was significantly higher than that of other sites (5/23, 22% vs 2/63, 3%, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The intestinal DLBCL is commonly observed in male, and ileocecal is the most primary site. Patients with DLBCL of the ileocecal region and small intestine except duodenum have low IPI, high proportion of limited-stage tumors, low level of lactate dehydrogenase, high incidence of intestinal obstruction or perforation, and low incidence of inert lymphoma. The EBER1 positive rate of DLBCL in duodenal is higher.

Disentangling the effects of driving forces on soil bacterial and fungal communities under shrub encroachment on the Guizhou Plateau of China.

Global shrub encroachment (SE) affects the structure and function of grassland ecosystem. The effects of SE on plant and soil abiotic properties have been well studied; however, little is known about the extent to which driving forces structure soil microbes under SE, especially in subalpine regions of the Guizhou Plateau of China, which is undergoing progressive SE. We investigated the plant factors (viz, plant diversity and relative shrub cover), soil physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, and microbial communities, quantified microbial element limitations under three encroachment stages, and disentangled the effects sizes of the factors that structure the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities. Redundancy analysis showed that soil factors made a greater contribution than plant factors to shaping the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community, soil chemical factors made a greater contribution than physical factors both to structuring the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community and to structuring the composition of the soil fungal community; and soil nutrient stoichiometry made a greater contribution than soil nutrient content to shaping soil bacterial community's diversity and fungal community's composition. In contrast, soil nutrient content made a greater contribution than soil nutrient stoichiometry to shaping the soil bacterial community's composition. The decrease in bacterial community's diversity observed under SE was attributable to increases in the carbon and nitrogen limitations consequent to SE, and the nitrogen limitation had a greater contribution to the soil bacterial community's diversity and composition than did the carbon limitation. These findings provide updated knowledge of the driving forces shaping the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, which could be crucial for improving microbial prediction models and revealing the element cycling that occurs in SE biomes.

Improved methane production and sulfate removal by anaerobic co-digestion corn stalk and levulinic acid wastewater pretreated by calcium hydroxide.

Levulinic acid wastewater containing high concentration of sulfate was generated while producing levulinic acid by straw depolymerization with dilute sulfuric acid. In this study, levulinic acid wastewater was pretreated by calcium hydroxide precipitation, then co-digestion of pretreated levulinic acid wastewater and corn stalk was conducted for the further removal of sulfate from levulinic acid wastewater and production of bioenergy. Effects of sulfate loading and substrate level on methane production and sulfate removal from co-digestion were investigated. The results showed that the highest methane production potential of 249.93 mL/g volatile solid (VS) was achieved when the sulfate loading is 0.31 g/L and the substrate level is 32.3 g/L, which was significantly higher than 182.53 mL/g VS achieved for mono-digestion of corn stalk. The sulfate removal of 86.82-98.10% was obtained when sulfate loading is >0.31 g/L, and the concentration of sulfate in the biogas slurry was <0.09 g/L after 28 days of anaerobic co-digestion regardless initial sulfate loading. The results of microbial community analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance of methanogenic bacteria (such as Methanoculleus and Methanosarcina) had increased significantly at sulfate loading of 0.31 g/L, and the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfotomaculum) increased from 0.01% to 2.11% when the sulfate loading rose from 0.10 g/L to 1.47 g/L under the substrate level of 32.3 g/L. This means that co-digestion of corn stalk and levulinic acid wastewater after calcium hydroxide pretreatment (CHP) was beneficial for methane production and sulfate removal.

[Clinical Efficacy and Safety of R-CDOP Regimen for Treatment of Newly Treated DLBCL Patients with Adverse Prognostic Factors].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and Safety of R-CDOP regimen for treatment of newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with adverse prognostic factors. METHODS: The clinical data of 94 patients who suffered from DLBCL and received treatment with R-CDOP regimen, from October 2013 to February 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The clinical efficacy, survival benifits and safety, as well as the OS and PFS were compared according to clinical features. RESULTS: After treatment of 94 cases with R-CDOP regimen, 73 cases reachived CR, 14 cases reachived PR, 2 cases were in SD and 4 cases were in PD, the ORR was 92.55% (87/94). The OS rate and PFS rate in followed-up 1 year were 94.68%（89/94） and 85.11%（80/94） separately, However, the median OS and PFS were not reached. There was no significant difference in the followed-up cumulative OS rate and PFS rate between patients with different Age, Ann-Arbor stage, IPI score, number of extranodal tumors, tumor diameter, expression of Ki-67 and LDH level and tissue involvement status（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the 1 years PFS rate and OS rate between patients with number of extranodal tumors for 0-1 and ≥2（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the 1 years PFS rate and OS rate between patients with tumor diameter for <7.5 cm and ≥7.5 cm（P>0.05）. CONCLUSION: The R-CDOP regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with poor prognostic factors can efficiently improve the early clinical efficacy, prolong the survival time and possess good safety, but the clinical prognosis for long-term remains to be observed.

Unravelling the influence of sulfate loading on enhancing anaerobic co-digestion of corn stover and bio-kerosene production wastewater.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfate loading on methane production and organic matter degradation during the mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of corn stover and bio-kerosene production wastewater (BKPW). The highest methane production of 192.04 mL/gVS was obtained at a sulfate concentration of 86 mg/L. This was 46.80% higher than that achieved by a sulfate concentration of 113 mg/L. Additional degradation of organic matter was obtained at a sulfate concentration of 113 mg/L because organic matter in the corn stover and BKPW was oxidized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The concentration of sulfate declined by approximately 23% after 29 days of anaerobic co-digestion, and this reduction in sulfate was enhanced when the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)/sulfate ratio was less than 15. The results of a mass balance analysis showed that 34.87% of C element and 10.04% of S element in substrate, respectively, were converted to biogas during anaerobic co-digestion of corn stover and BKPW at a sulfate concentration of 86 mg/L. The microbial community was analysed using 16S rDNA sequencing technology, and the results showed that the relative abundance of Synergistes (related to methane production with acetic acid) at a sulfate concentration of 86 mg/L had obviously increased and was approximately 287% higher than the abundance achieved at a sulfate concentration of 113 mg/L.