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Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are severe respiratory diseases. Bitter receptor-mediated bronchodilation is a potential therapy for asthma, but the mechanism underlying the agonistic relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is not well defined. By exploring the ASM relaxation mechanism of bitter substances, we observed that pretreatment with the bitter substances nearly abolished the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in the ASM cell (ASMC) calcium concentration, thereby suppressing the calcium-induced contraction release. The ASM relaxation was significantly inhibited by simultaneous deletion of three Gαt proteins, suggesting an interaction between Tas2R and AChR signaling cascades in the relaxation process. Biochemically, the Gαt released by Tas2R activation complexes with AChR and blocks the Gαq cycling of AChR signal transduction. More importantly, a bitter substance, kudinoside A, not only attenuates airway constriction but also significantly inhibits pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling in COPD rats, indicating its modulation of additional Gαq-associated pathological processes. Thus, our results suggest that Tas2R activation may be an ideal strategy for halting multiple pathological processes of COPD.
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Asma , Músculo Liso , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Activación Transcripcional , Animales , Asma/genética , Asma/metabolismo , Asma/fisiopatología , Broncodilatadores/farmacología , Calcio/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/genética , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Ratas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
The corpus callosum (CC) is the principal white matter bundle supporting communication between the two brain hemispheres. Despite its importance, a comprehensive mapping of callosal connections is still lacking. Here, we constructed the first bidirectional population-based callosal connectional atlas between the midsagittal section of the CC and the cerebral cortex of the human brain by means of diffusion-weighted imaging tractography. The estimated connectional topographic maps within this atlas have the most fine-grained spatial resolution, demonstrate histological validity, and were reproducible in two independent samples. This new resource, a complete and comprehensive atlas, will facilitate the investigation of interhemispheric communication and come with a user-friendly companion online tool (CCmapping) for easy access and visualization of the atlas.
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Corteza Cerebral , Cuerpo Calloso , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/patología , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Cuerpo Calloso/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpo Calloso/patología , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo , Mapeo Encefálico/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the associations between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index-related obesity indices and periodontitis within the American population. METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2009-2014. The association between the TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), TyG-weight-adjusted-waist index (TyG-WWI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), or TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and periodontitis was investigated utilizing multivariable logistic regression model, subgroup, and dose-response curve analyses. RESULTS: This study enrolled 4,808 adult participants. Except for TyG-BMI, which did not exhibit a relationship with periodontitis, TyG-WHtR, [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI))] = 2.83 [1.58-5.10], P = 0.002], TyG-WWI [OR (95% CI) = 7.50 (3.06-18.34), P < 0.001], and TyG-WC [OR (95% CI) = 2.12 (1.23-3.64), P = 0.011] were all associated with periodontitis. Participants in the highest quartile displayed an elevated risk of periodontitis relative to their counterparts in the lowest quartile, as evidenced for TyG-WWI [OR (95% CI) = 1.72 (1.26-2.33), P = 0.001] and TyG-WC [OR (95% CI) = 1.50 (1.13-1.99), P = 0.009] in the full adjustment model. Subgroup analyses suggested more pronounced positive associations between these indices and periodontitis in participants who were < 60 years old, had a BMI ≥ 25, and did not have diabetes. The dose-response curve indicated linear responses in these associations. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation identified a significant and stable association between TyG-WHtR, TyG-WWI, or TyG-WC and periodontitis, which implies a robust correlation between high insulin resistance and susceptibility to periodontitis in the American population.
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Glucemia , Índice de Masa Corporal , Encuestas Nutricionales , Obesidad , Periodontitis , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Periodontitis/sangre , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Triglicéridos/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Factores de Riesgo , Oportunidad Relativa , Modelos Logísticos , Anciano , Relación Cintura-EstaturaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We aimed to explore the causal relationship between human serum metabolites and angina pectoris. METHODS: This study used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the association between 486 serum metabolites and angina pectoris. The analytical methods employed to reduce study bias included inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median method. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method, while instrumental variable pleiotropy was tested with MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier. Metabolic pathways of angina-associated metabolites were analysed on the MetaboAnalyst metabolomics analysis tool platform. RESULTS: In this study, 42 serum metabolites were found to be strongly associated with angina pectoris. They mainly belonged to seven groups: amino acids, carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, lipids, nucleotides, unknown metabolites, and exogenous substances. Pipecolate posed the highest risk for the development of angina pectoris among the 42 serum metabolites. The main metabolic pathways associated with angina pectoris were glycine, serine, threonine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and caffeine metabolism. CONCLUSION: We identified 25 high-risk and 17 protective human serum metabolites associated with angina pectoris. Their associated major metabolic pathways were also determined. The serum metabolite pipecolate was significantly and positively correlated with the risk of angina pectoris. This finding may serve as a valuable reference for testing serum markers associated with angina pectoris.
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Psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. OUCMDZ-4032 derived from Antarctica was cultivated under 16 °C to produce a new glucolipid compound (1). Its structure was elucidated by analysis of detailed spectroscopic data, acid hydrolysis and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone precolumn derivatization, and 13C NMR quantum chemical calculations. Though compound 1 did not show inhibitory activity against bacteria, it can reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella paratyphi by 1024, 256 and 256-fold. Compound 1 showed potential as a synergistically inhibiting adjuvant in co-administration with antibiotic to enhance antibacterial activities.
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Antibacterianos , Ciprofloxacina , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
Illicit discharges into sewer systems are a widespread concern within China's urban drainage management. They can result in unforeseen environmental contamination and deterioration in the performance of wastewater treatment plants. Consequently, pinpointing the origin of unauthorized discharges in the sewer network is crucial. This study aims to evaluate an integrative method that employs numerical modeling and statistical analysis to determine the locations and characteristics of illicit discharges. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to track water quality variations within the sewer network and examine the concentration profiles of exogenous pollutants under a range of scenarios. The identification technique employed Bayesian inference fused with the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method, enabling the estimation of probability distributions for the position of the suspected source, the discharge magnitude, and the commencement of the event. Specifically, the cases involving continuous release and multiple sources were examined. For single-point source identification, where all three parameters are unknown, concentration profiles from two monitoring sites in the path of pollutant transport and dispersion are necessary and sufficient to characterize the pollution source. For the identification of multiple sources, the proposed SWMM-Bayesian strategy with improved sampling is applied, which significantly improves the accuracy.
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Teorema de Bayes , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Modelos Teóricos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , China , Drenaje de Agua , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
The pollution of heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural soils profoundly threatens national food safety, and the mobility and environmental behaviors of HMs are closely implicated in crop safety. Here, we assessed the pollution level and mobility of ten HMs and explored their environmental behaviors in the soils of three different land uses from a main crop production zone in eastern China. The concentrations of HMs in the soils were higher in the farmland than the woodland and wasteland, and Cd showed a relatively higher pollution and ecological risk levels compared to other metals. Cadmium was dominated by the reducible (41%) and exchangeable (23%) fractions, and the rest of HMs were mainly in the residual fraction (> 60%). The significant correlation between the exchangeable and DGT-labile Cd indicates relatively higher mobility of Cd in the soils. Soil pH, organic matters and mineral elements had significant correlation with the exchangeable and reducible fractions of most of the HMs (e.g., Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb and V; p < 0.05), indicating their good predictors of the HMs mobility. However, this was not the case for the DGT-labile fraction, which suggests a marked difference in the controlling mechanisms of the mobility versus potential bioavailability of HMs in the soils. The results of this study indicate that both the chemically extracted fractions and the bioavailable fractions of HMs need be considered when effectively assessing the safety of agricultural soils.
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Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Suelo , Cadmio , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , China , Metales Pesados/análisis , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Brain size significantly impacts the organization of white matter fibers. Fiber length scaling, the degree to which fiber length varies according to brain size, was overlooked. We investigated how fiber lengths within the corpus callosum, the most prominent white matter tract, vary according to brain size. The results showed substantial variation in length scaling among callosal fibers, replicated in two large healthy cohorts (â¼2000 human subjects, including both sexes). The underscaled callosal fibers mainly connected the precentral gyrus and parietal cortices, whereas the overscaled callosal fibers mainly connected the prefrontal cortices. The variation in such length scaling was biologically meaningful: larger scaling corresponded to larger neurite density index but smaller fractional anisotropy values; cortical regions connected by the callosal fibers with larger scaling were more lateralized functionally as well as phylogenetically and ontogenetically more recent than their counterparts. These findings highlight an interaction between interhemispheric communication and organizational and adaptive principles underlying brain development and evolution.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain size varies across evolution, development, and individuals. Relative to small brains, the neural fiber length in large brains is inevitably increased, but the degree of such increase may differ between fiber tracts. Such a difference, if it exists, is valuable for understanding adaptive neural principles in large versus small brains during evolution and development. The present study showed a substantial difference in the length increase between the callosal fibers that connect the two hemispheres, replicated in two large healthy cohorts. Together, our study demonstrates that reorganization of interhemispheric fibers length according to brain size is intrinsically related to fiber composition, functional lateralization, cortical myelin content, and evolutionary and developmental expansion.
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Cuerpo Calloso , Sustancia Blanca , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpo Calloso/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Vías Nerviosas , Tamaño de los ÓrganosRESUMEN
HB (hepatoblastoma) is most common in children with liver cancer and few options for treating HB. Thus, it is of great significance to investigate the regulatory mechanism of HB and/or identify new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment of HB. Here, we showed that ACLY (ATP citrate lyase), an important lipometabolic enzyme for de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids and steroids, has a higher expression in HB tissues than noncancerous tissues, and is required for HB cell proliferation. Moreover, knocking down ACLY in HB cells caused severe S-phase arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, ACLY knockdown significantly silenced the Wnt signaling pathway and reduced ß-catenin expression in HB cells. Conversely, the apoptotic alleviation of HB cells by overexpressing ACLY was blocked by silencing ß-catenin, suggesting the modulation of HB cells by ACLY-ß-catenin axis. Our results uncovered the role of ACLY in HB cells and presented a theoretical approach for HB targeted therapy in the future.
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Hepatoblastoma , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Niño , Humanos , Hepatoblastoma/genética , beta Catenina/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , ATP Citrato (pro-S)-Liasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Orchids (Cymbidium spp.) exhibit significant variations in floral morphology, pollinator relations, and ecological habitats. Due to their exceptional economic and ornamental value, Cymbidium spp. have been commercially cultivated for centuries. SSR markers are extensively used genetic tools for biology identification and population genetics analysis. RESULT: In this study, nine polymorphic EST-SSR loci were isolated from Cymbidium goeringii using RNA-Seq technology. All nine SSR loci showed transferability in seven other congeneric species, including 51 cultivars. The novel SSR markers detected inter-species gene flow among the Cymbidium species and intra-species sub-division of C. goeringii and C. ensifolium, as revealed by neighborhood-joining and Structure clustering analyses. CONCLUSION: In this study, we developed nine microsatellites using RNA-Seq technology. These SSR markers aided in detecting potential gene flow among Cymbidium species and identified the intra-species sub-division of C. goeringii and C. ensifolium.
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Genética de Población , Orchidaceae , Hibridación Genética , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Orchidaceae/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genéticaRESUMEN
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are immature heterogeneous bone marrow cells, have been described as potent immune regulators in human and murine cancer models. The distribution of MDSCs varies across organs and is divided into three subpopulations: granulocytic MDSCs or polymorphonuclear MDSCs (G-MDSCs or PMN-MDSCs), monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), as well as a recently identified early precursor MDSC (eMDSCs) in humans. Activated MDSCs induce the inactivation of NK cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells through a variety of mechanisms, thus promoting the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. ER stress plays an important protecting role in the survival of MDSC, which aggravates the immunosuppression in tumors. In addition, ferroptosis can promote an anti-tumor immune response by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review summarizes immune suppression by MDSCs with a focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immune suppression in cancer and infectious disease, in particular leprosy and tuberculosis.
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Enfermedades Transmisibles , Células Supresoras de Origen Mieloide , Neoplasias , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Enfermedades Transmisibles/patología , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of widespread and diverse covalently closed circular endogenous RNAs that exert crucial functions in regulating gene expression in mammals. However, the function and regulation mechanism of circRNAs in lower vertebrates are still unknown. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA derived from Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Dtx1) gene, namely, circDtx1, which was related to the antiviral responses in teleost fish. Results indicated that circDtx1 played essential roles in host antiviral immunity and inhibition of SCRV replication. Our study also found a microRNA miR-15a-5p, which could inhibit antiviral immune response and promote viral replication by targeting TRIF. Moreover, we also found that the antiviral effect inhibited by miR-15a-5p could be reversed with the circDtx1. In mechanism, our data revealed that circDtx1 was a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of TRIF by sponging miR-15a-5p, leading to activation of the NF-κB/IRF3 pathway, and then enhancing the innate antiviral responses. Our results indicated that circRNAs played a regulatory role in immune responses in teleost fish.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras del Transporte Vesicular/biosíntesis , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Factor 3 Regulador del Interferón/inmunología , MicroARNs/inmunología , ARN Circular/inmunología , Animales , Regulación hacia Abajo , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Perciformes , Rhabdoviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Rhabdoviridae/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The development of sequencing technology has further accelerated the research of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). A large number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ncRNA can regulate gene expression in various ways and then affect various physiological and biochemical processes of the host. In this study, we found a novel lncRNA in Miichthys miiuy, named LTCONS6801, which is beneficial to TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and its mediated pathway to promote the host immune function. First, we found that lncRNA LTCONS6801 can enhance cell activity through cell viability detection and cell proliferation detection. Besides, after poly (I: C) stimulation, overexpression of lncRNA LTCONS6801 promoted the expression of antiviral gene and TBK1. We found that lncRNA LTCONS6801 further affects NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways by regulating the expression of TBK1. In short, lncRNA LTCONS6801 is an lncRNA that can positively regulate the host innate immune response by regulating the expression of TBK1. Our study enriches the theory and insight of lncRNA regulating antiviral immune pathway and clarifies the important role of lncRNA in antiviral immunity of teleost fish.
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Perciformes , ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Antivirales , Transducción de Señal , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Perciformes/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chimonanthus praecox and Chimonanthus salicifolius are closely related species that diverged approximately six million years ago. While both C. praecox and C. salicifolius could withstand brief periods of low temperatures of - 15 °C. Their flowering times are different, C. praecox blooms in early spring, whereas C. salicifolius blooms in autumn. The SBP-box (SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein) is a plant-specific gene family that plays a crucial vital role in regulating plant flowering. Although extensively studied in various plants, the SBP gene family remains uncharacterized in Calycanthaceae. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted genome-wide identification of SBP genes in both C. praecox and C. salicifolius and comprehensively characterized the chromosomal localization, gene structure, conserved motifs, and domains of the identified SBP genes. In total, 15 and 18 SBP genes were identified in C. praecox and C. salicifolius, respectively. According to phylogenetic analysis, the SBP genes from Arabidopsis, C. praecox, and C. salicifolius were clustered into eight groups. Analysis of the gene structure and conserved protein motifs showed that SBP proteins of the same subfamily have similar motif structures. The expression patterns of SBP genes were analyzed using transcriptome data. The results revealed that more than half of the genes exhibited lower expression levels in leaves than in flowers, suggesting their potential involvement in the flower development process and may be linked to the winter and autumn flowering of C. praecox and C. salicifolius. CONCLUSION: Thirty-three SBPs were identified in C. praecox and C. salicifolius. The evolutionary characteristics and expression patterns were examined in this study. These results provide valuable information to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the SBP family and help determine the functional characteristics of the SBP genes in subsequent studies.
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Arabidopsis , Calycanthaceae , Calycanthaceae/genética , Calycanthaceae/química , Calycanthaceae/metabolismo , Filogenia , Flores/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas , Arabidopsis/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) negatively affects the quality of life of pregnant women and is influenced by several factors. Research to date treats pregnant women with gestational diabetes as a homogeneous group based on their quality of life. We attempted to identify subgroups based on self-reported quality of life and explored variables associated with subgroups. METHODS: From September 1, 2020 to November 29, 2020, pregnant women with GDM from two hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as subjects by convenience sampling method. Medical records provided sociodemographic data, duration of GDM, pregnancy status, and family history of diabetes. Participants completed validated questionnaires for quality of life, anxiety and depression. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of quality of life in pregnant women with GDM, and then a mixed regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of different profiles. RESULTS: A total of 279 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of the latent profile analysis showed that the quality of life of pregnant women with GDM could be divided into two profiles: C1 "high worry-high support" group (75.6%) and C2 "low worry-low support" group (24.4%). Daily exercise duration and depression degree are negative influencing factors, making it easier to enter the C1 group (p < 0.05). Disease duration and family history of diabetes are positive influencing factors, making it easier to enter the C2 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The quality of life of pregnant women with GDM had obvious classification characteristics. Pregnant women with exercise habits and depression are more likely to enter the "high worry-high support" group, and health care providers should guide their exercise according to exercise guidelines during pregnancy and strengthen psychological intervention. Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes and a longer duration of the disease are more likely to fall into the "low worry-low support" group. Healthcare providers can strengthen health education for them and improve their disease self-management abilities.
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Diabetes Gestacional , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas , Calidad de Vida , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate changes in posterior corneal elevation and their correlations with the ablation ratio 3 years after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for high myopia. METHODS: Eighty eyes underwent SMILE were enrolled in this study. Eyes were classified into two groups based on the ablation ratio (AR, lenticule thickness from SMILE machine/thinnest corneal thickness): group A (< 25%, 40 eyes) and group B (≥ 25%, 40 eyes). Pentacam was used to measure the posterior corneal elevation at the central point, thinnest point, and posterior maximum elevation (PME) and the mean posterior elevation in the central 2-mm area (MPE-2 mm), 4-mm area, and 6-mm area at the 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: More than 85% of the eyes had an AR of less than 27%, and no cases of iatrogenic keratectasia developed. In both groups, for central region, posterior elevation decreased implying backward displacement; for peripheral region, it increased indicating forward trend. There was no significant difference in changes in all determined parameters between the two groups (P ≥ 0.07). Moreover, no significant correlation was noted between AR and posterior elevation changes. In group A, decreasing changes in PME (r = - 0.42, P = 0.01) and MPE-2 mm (r = 0.40, P = 0.01) demonstrated negative correlations with residual bed thickness. CONCLUSION: Region-dependent changes were demonstrated in the eyes that underwent SMILE. The central area showed a subtly declining posterior elevation, and the peripheral area showed a slightly increasing elevation. The limited ablation ratio had no impact on the changes in posterior corneal elevation.
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Cirugía Laser de Córnea , Miopía , Humanos , Agudeza Visual , Córnea/cirugía , Miopía/diagnóstico , Miopía/cirugía , Periodo Posoperatorio , Sustancia Propia/cirugía , Láseres de Excímeros/uso terapéutico , Topografía de la CórneaRESUMEN
This study was aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from the fermentation products of Aspergillus terreus, which could inhibit NS3 protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The bioactive compounds were isolated by reverse-phase silica-gel column chromatography, semi-preparative reversed-phase, and Sephadex LH-20, and then their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis. As a result, two small molecule compounds were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as a new benzaldehyde, (E)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-propenylbenzaldehyde. Compound 2 was identified as pleurone, which was obtained from microorganisms for the first time. Their inhibitory activities against HCV NS3 protease (IC50 ) were 32.6â µM and 78.9â µM, respectively. This study provided a new option for the development of anti-HCV drugs.
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Antivirales , Serina , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales , Hepacivirus , Inhibidores de Proteasas/químicaRESUMEN
Two new ursane-type triterpenes, eburnealactones A and B (1 and 2), one new flavonoid, eburneatin A (6), and one new phenylethanoid glycoside, chiritoside D (7), along with 9 known compounds (3-5, 8-13) were isolated from the whole plant of Primulina eburnea. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (IR, UV, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS). All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activities against MKN-45 cell lines and 5637 cell lines with the IC50 values of 9.57â µM and 8.30â µM, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against A549 and PATU8988T cell lines with the IC50 values of 30.70â µM and 38.22â µM, respectively. Compound 6 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against MKN-45, HCT116, PATU8988T, 5637 and A-673 cell lines with the IC50 values of 19.69â µM, 16.44â µM, 18.07â µM, 11.51â µM and 18.15â µM, respectively. Compound 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against A549 cell lines with the IC50 values of 24.06â µM.
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Antineoplásicos , Triterpenos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Glicósidos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Flavonoides , Células A549 , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Timely and accurate feedback is a crucial component for effective undergraduate learning. However, with the expansion of university enrolment in China, student numbers have increased rapidly and, in traditional university classrooms, it is often difficult for the teacher - as the only evaluator - to accommodate students' diverse needs and learning styles, and provide timely learning feedback. In our teaching practice research, we combined mutual peer evaluation with cooperative learning, and proposed a peer learning and assessment model (PLAM) that encouraged students to cooperate and compete, leading to greater efficiency in giving feedback. The ultimate goal was to improve students' learning ability. This study aimed to investigate the effect and influencing factors of PLAM in an undergraduate course entitled 'Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Products'. METHODS: We surveyed the entire pharmacy student body (95 students). Each student was required to provide feedback to the other members within the same study group and students in other groups. We evaluated the effectiveness of PLAM in five aspects: basic information, learning attitude, participation, interpersonal relationship, and organizational approach. The questionnaire was administered online using the Star survey platform. Data were exported to Excel and meta-analysis was performed using SPSS. RESULTS: PLAM effectively increased feedback efficiency, enhancing students' learning interest and ability. An ordered logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the factors influencing the PLAM learning effect. Three factors - learning attitude, participation, and interpersonal relationship - explained up to 71.3% of the model. CONCLUSIONS: The PLAM adopted in this research is an effective learning and evaluation model that can promote collaborative learning and increase learning enthusiasm. It is more suitable for knowledge expansion learning and comprehensive practical learning where teachers cannot be present for the entire process. Students should be encouraged to establish appropriate learning attitudes and a positive group atmosphere. PLAM can positively impact college curriculum learning and could be extended to other teaching domains.
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Farmacia , Estudiantes de Farmacia , Humanos , Curriculum , Aprendizaje , Retroalimentación , Grupo ParitarioRESUMEN
This study aims to explore the composition of natural enemy species in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) population and the dynamics of its natural enemy community in Dandong, Liaoning Province, China, where it was first reported. We collected the natural enemy of eggs, larvae, and pupae of H. cunea on host trees at 12 survey sites from June 2019 to October 2020. The results showed that the community consists of 34 species: 20 predatory species, including 15 spiders and 5 insects, and 14 parasitic species, including 10 parasitic wasps and 4 parasitic flies. The top 3 dominant species based on the importance value index for both parasitic and predatory species were Pediobius pupariaeâ >â Chouioia cuneaâ >â Cotesia gregalis in the natural enemy community of H. cunea. Analysis of all 3 principal components by principal component analysis showed that Clubionidae sp. 1, Parena cavipennis, or other predators were the main factors affecting the natural enemy community. Analysis of the community structure parameters of the H. cunea natural enemy community in different developmental stages across generations revealed the following: (i) Compared with the degree of complexity of the egg and pupal stages, the larval stage was the highest. (ii) The complexity was determined by means of comprehensive evaluation: first-generation larvae in 2020â >â first-generation larvae in 2019â >â second-generation larvae in 2020â >â second-generation larvae in 2019. These results clarify the dynamics of natural enemy species, coevolution with the host in the invaded habitat of H. cunea and development of biological control technologies.