Three-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of unilateral alveolar cleft bone grafting with iliac bone and chin bone blocks.

In this study, we aimed to provide guidance for selecting bone grafting materials in cases of alveolar clefts. Twenty-nine patients with unilateral complete alveolar clefts were categorized into three groups based on the bone grafting material used: Group A (iliac bone block grafts), Group B (iliac cancellous bone grafts), and Group C (chin bone block grafts). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were analyzed using Mimics 19.0 software. Results showed that Group A had the highest bone formation rate, with significant differences observed between Groups A and B, as well as between Groups B and C. Group A and Group C had the highest proportion of Type I in volume assessment, while Group B had the highest proportion of Type III, Significant differences were observed in the distribution of volume assessment scores among the three groups. Bone height measurement results indicated that buccal-side measurement points had a higher proportion of Type I bone height than palatal-side measurement points. Bone width measurement results showed that Type I bone width was highest in Group C, while Type IV bone width was highest in Group B. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of implanted bone width among the three groups. Total grafting scores indicated that Types A and D were predominant in Groups A and C, while Group B had the highest proportion of Type D. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of total grafting scores among the three groups. The comprehensive evaluation method provides accurate assessment of alveolar cleft bone grafting outcomes and is applicable in clinical settings. Based on the results, we consider both iliac bone blocks and chin bone blocks as suitable materials for alveolar cleft bone grafting. Grafting material selection should consider preoperative gap volume measured using CBCT, required bone quantity, donor site complications, and overall clinical needs.

Mechanisms of biohydrogen recovery enhancement from peanut shell by C. guangxiense: Temperature pretreatment ranges from -80 to 100 °C.

The potential of low-cost bioenergy recovery from peanut shell was limited for its complex cellulose structure. In order to enhance the total reducing sugar (TRS) yield for bio-H2 production, peanut shell with heat (HT, 50-100 °C) or freezing pretreatment (FT, -80 to 0 °C) under different duration (0.5-12 h) was investigated. For uncovering the enhancement mechanisms, morphological feature and crystalline structure were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The optimal pretreatment of 50 °C for 12 h was obtained with TRS yield increased 73.6%, while the H2 yield of 1.25 ml/mg-TRS was peaked with pretreatment at -80 °C. The SEM and XRD further demonstrated that mechanisms of HT and FT were realized through different ways, which were cracking and collapsing in HT, and delamination and peeling in FT, respectively.

Enhancement of fermentative H2 production with peanut shell as supplementary substrate: Effects of acidification and buffer effect.

For bio-H2 fermentation, the progress and H2 yield were significantly affected by culture pH. Our previous research found peanut shell powder (PSP, as supplementary substrate) having a buffer effect on the fermentative time prolongation and H2 yield enhancement. The acid buffer action (ABA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were employed to explore the mechanism and structure changes of PSP. The superior ABA (57.44 ±â€¯0.65 mmol/pH-kg) and CEC (112 ±â€¯2.0 cmol/kg) of PSP, which provided high specific surface area and amorphous content, prolonged the fermentative time. The acidification of volatile fatty acids on PSP was effective to release reducing sugar and enhance hydrogen yield through breaking hemicellulose and amorphous components of cellulose, and enlarging specific surface area. The results indicated that buffer effect and acidification on PSP made positive effects on prolonging fermentation time and enhancing hydrogen yield.