Self-powered deep ultraviolet photodetector based on p-CuI/n-ZnGa2O4 heterojunction with high sensitivity and fast speed.

Self-powered deep ultraviolet photodetectors (DUV PDs) are essential in environmental monitoring, flame detection, missile guidance, aerospace, and other fields. A heterojunction photodetector based on p-CuI/n-ZnGa2O4 has been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition combined with vacuum thermal evaporation. Under 260 nm DUV light irradiation, the photodetector exhibits apparent self-powered performance with a maximum responsivity and specific detectivity of 2.75 mA/W and 1.10 × 1011 Jones at 0 V. The photodetector exhibits high repeatability and stability under 260 nm periodic illumination. The response and recovery time are 205 ms and 133 ms, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance self-powered DUV photodetectors.

Facile Fabrication of Superelastic, Hydrophobic, and Hierarchical Polydimethylsiloxane@nanocelluloses Aerogels for Durable Oil/Water Separation.

Nanocelluloses (NCs)-based aerogels have gradually attracted attention due to their excellent performance in oil recovery for mitigating environmental pollution caused by oil spillages. However, hydrophobicity due to polyhydroxy groups and fragile in water, as well as a complicated fabricating process, significantly restrict their practical applications. Herein, a facile route is reported to fabricate superelastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)@NCs aerogels through a Pickering emulsion strategy. The hierarchical PDMS@NCs aerogels exhibit function-dependent porous structures and integrated properties of hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, stemming from the synergistic effect of the hydrophobic skin layer and porous matrix. The resulting aerogels are capable of continuous oil/water filtration by adsorption-extrusion with a flux up to 4300 L m-2 h-1 and a separation efficiency of 99.9%. Therefore, this provides a new route for the rational design of morphology-tunable NCs-based aerogels and affords a reference for its practical application in durable oil/water separation.

Individualized High Double Eyelid Fold Correction in Secondary Blepharoplasty: A Free-Style Design.

BACKGROUND: High crease correction is difficult to achieve in secondary blepharoplasty. Currently, patients tend to have more precise requirements for crease-lowering procedures, such as low in-fold or low out-fold creases. For the out-fold crease, the height of the central crease is similar with the height of the medial crease, whereas for the in-fold crease, the height of the medial crease is lower than the height of the central crease. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the authors developed a strategy to create low in-fold or out-fold creases to satisfy patients' individualized requirements. METHODS: The medical records of patients who received crease-lowering secondary blepharoplasty from January 2015 to January 2021 were reviewed. The results were grouped by preoperative condition (high in-fold/out-fold) and patients' expectations for postoperative outcome (low in-fold/out-fold). Preoperative and postoperative images were collected, and patient satisfaction, complications and revisions were evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 297 consecutive patients were included in this study with an average follow-up duration of 12.3 months. Eighteen patients had high in-fold creases, and 279 patients had high out-fold creases. Regarding patients with high out-folds, 233 patients wanted to have low out-folds, and 46 patients wanted to have low in-folds. Two hundred and sixty-six (89.6%) patients were satisfied with their results. Complications included complete crease loss (n = 3, 1.0%), partial crease loss (n = 5, 1.7%), multiple creases (n = 6, 2.0%), asymmetric creases (n = 7, 2.4%), and upper eyelid skin laxity (n = 10, 3.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This flexible, novel technique for customizing low out-fold or in-fold creases is reliable in high double-eyelid crease correction based on preoperative upper eyelid skin tightness, scar positions, and the patient's expected double-eyelid crease shape. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 mitigates apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in HT22 hippocampal neurons by Akt-Nrf2-activated pathway.

CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (Cisd2) is known as a key determinant factor in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, whether Cisd2 contributes to the mediation of neuronal injury during ischemic stroke has not been well stressed. This work focuses on investigating the role of Cisd2 in regulating neuronal injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). The dramatic down-regulation of Cisd2 was observed in hippocampal neurons suffering from OGD/R injury. In Cisd2-overexpressed neurons, OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation were prominently mitigated. Further investigation uncovered that the forced expression of Cisd2 reinforced the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Moreover, the overexpression of Cisd2 enhanced Akt activation, and the restraint of Akt abolished Cisd2-induced Nrf2 activation. Importantly, restraint of Nrf2 reversed Cisd2-conferred neuroprotective effects in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Taken together, our findings indicate that Cisd2 is able to protect neurons from OGD/R-induced injuries by strengthening Nrf2 activation via Akt. Our work identifies Cisd2 as a potential determinant factor for neuronal injury during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Double Eyelid Shape Preference: A Large Sample Survey.

BACKGROUND: Double eyelid blepharoplasty is a popular procedure among Asian population. Double eyelid shape is important to achieving high satisfaction rate. Currently, there lacks large sample survey and detailed analysis on preferred double eyelid shape. This study aims to investigate the double eyelid shape preference using the "in-fold," "on-fold," and "out-fold" classification and analyze the preferred shape of different demographic groups. METHODS: A large sample survey was conducted with a questionnaire of nine questions in three sections: demographic characteristics, desired double eyelid shape, and assessment of the classification. The preference for each type of double eyelid shape was analyzed and compared among different groups. RESULTS: A total of 11153 (9698 female and 1455 male) respondents finished the questionnaire, including 382 plastic surgeons. In-fold double eyelid was the most popular choice overall. Out-fold was the least preferred, except for specific groups such as actors and heavy makeup wearers. No significant difference was observed between the preference of patients and plastic surgeons. The majority of respondents cared much about postoperative double eyelid shape and considered the classification useful. CONCLUSIONS: In-fold was the most preferred double eyelid shape, especially for patients who met one or more of the following criteria: male, older than 40, divorced, or housewives. However, heavy makeup wearers or actors/actresses tend to prefer out-fold double eyelids. The "in-fold," "on-fold," and "out-fold" classification was precise and beneficial to doctor-patient communication. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Coordination-Induced Emission from Tetraphenylethylene Units and Their Applications.

Thanks to the potential of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena, improved stabilities, and the good selectivity and sensitivity of the chemical responses exhibited by the products, coordination-driven self-assembly with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units has recently received much attention and has been widely investigated for application in chemical sensors, cell imaging agents, light-harvesting systems, and others. Several reviews have emerged on the topics of AIE chemistry and aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-based supramolecular assembles, however, there is still a distinct lack of full overviews of emission enhancement from the viewpoint of metal-coordination effects. Thus, this minireview offers recent advances that have been made in the design and application of TPE-based metallacycles, metallacages, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers (CPs).

TRIM16 protects from OGD/R-induced oxidative stress in cultured hippocampal neurons by enhancing Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling via downregulation of Keap1.

Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16) has emerged as a novel oxidative stress-responsive protein that confers cytoprotective effects by reinforcing the cellular antioxidant system. However, whether TRIM16 is involved in regulating oxidative stress during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential function and molecular mechanism of TRIM16 in regulating oxidative stress in neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. Here, we found that OGD/R exposure resulted in a significant induction of TRIM16 expression in neurons. Depletion of TRIM16 by siRNA-mediated gene knockdown markedly upregulated the sensitivity of neurons to OGD/R-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, upregulation of TRIM16 expression significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and ROS generation in neurons. Moreover, TRIM16 overexpression markedly increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and enhanced Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) activation associated with downregulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression. Restoration of Keap1 significantly reversed the TRIM16-mediated promotion effect on Nrf2/ARE activation. In addition, knockdown of Nrf2 also markedly abrogated the TRIM16-conferred neuroprotective effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Taken together, our results of our study demonstrate that induction of TRIM16 confers a cytoprotective effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons through enhancement of Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling via downregulation of Keap1. These findings suggest that TRIM16 may play a critical role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and serve as a promising target for neuroprotection.

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a potential target of hepatocellular carcinoma.

High expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) has been reported in a number of epithelium origin malignancies. Here, we hypothesize that CD73 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and metastasis and that the effect is mediated by epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). HCC cells with different malignancies and Tissue microarrays of the tumor and peritumoral liver tissues from 30 independent patients were used to examine CD73 and EGFR expression. Then, MTT and Ki67 detection, together with cell adhesion, invasion, and migration assays were used to evaluate the effects of CD73 on cell growth and metastasis. The expression of EGFR in HCC cells was also tested after suppressing or overexpressing CD73. Lastly, tumor tissues from nude mice, which had been injected subcutaneously with HCC cells, were transplanted subcutaneously into CD73-/- and wild-type (WT) C57 mice. CD73 expression was higher in HCC cells with greater metastatic potentials and tumor tissues compared with low metastatic cells and peritumor tissues. CD73 and EGFR were coexpressed and positively correlated in tumor and peritumor liver tissues in HCC tissue microarrays. Up-regulationof CD73 by plasmid transfection or by pharmacological agents promoted EGFR expression in HCC cells, whereas suppression of CD73 inhibited these effects. The growth of transplanted tumor tissues was dramatically slower in CD73-/- mice than in WT type mice in the in vivo experiments. CD73 promotes HCC growth and metastasis and upregulated the expression of EGFR in HCC. Thus, CD73 and EGFR are potential targets in the treatment of HCC.

Extracellular 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) promotes human breast cancer cells growth through AKT/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin/cyclinD1 signaling pathway.

To identify the role and to explore the mechanism of extracellular 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in human breast cancer growth, CD73 expression was measured firstly in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and then interfered with or over-expressed by recombinant lentivirus in cell lines. Impacts of CD73 on breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle were investigated with colony formation assay, CCK-8 and flow cytometry. The relationship between CD73 and AKT/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin pathway was assessed with adenosine, adenosine 2A receptor antagonist (SCH-58261), adenosine 2A receptor agonist (NECA), CD73 enzyme inhibitor (APCP) and Akt inhibitor (MK-2206). Moreover, the effect of CD73 on breast cancer growth in vivo was examined with human breast cancer transplanting model of nude mice. The results showed that the expression of CD73 was high in breast cancer tissues and increased with advanced tumor grades and lympho-node status. CD73 expression was higher in more malignant cells, and CD73 overexpression promoted breast cancer cell proliferation in both in vivo and in vitro. It activated AKT/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin/cyclinD1 signaling pathway through CD73 enzyme activity and other mechanism.

Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of Quinolone Derivatives as Novel Anticancer Agents.

A series of novel quinolone derivatives (8a-j) were synthesized, and their anticancer activities were tested in human cancer cell lines, human lung carcinoma cell (A549), human promyelocytic leukemia cell (HL-60), and human cervical cancer cell (Hela). Compound 8i was found to be 5-times more potent in cell-killing activity for cell lines A549, HL-60, and Hela than the positive control irinotecan or cisplatin, with IC50 of 0.009, 0.008 and 0.010 µM, respectively. The docking study revealed that compound 8i might have strong interactions with the active site of DNA-topoisomerase I.

Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Hering's Law on Outcomes of Surgical Correction of Ptosis.

INTRODUCTION: Several factors may influence aesthetic outcomes of ptosis surgery, especially in patients with asymmetrical ptosis. We retrospectively assessed the effect of Hering's law on surgical outcomes of patients with asymmetrical ptosis. METHODS: Patients with mild to moderate asymmetrical ptosis (N = 300) who underwent advancement or plication of upper eyelid aponeurosis between January 2014 and July 2016 were enrolled. Fifty patients (group A) underwent surgery without taking into consideration the impact of Hering's law. Of these, 35 patients with unilateral ptosis (subgroup A1) underwent standard surgery on the contralateral side, whereas 15 patients with bilateral ptosis (subgroup A2) were first operated on the milder side followed by the more severely affected side.In 250 patients (group B), surgery was performed taking cognizance of the implications of Hering's law. These included 100 patients with unilateral ptosis (B1) and 150 with bilateral ptosis (B2). Difference in bilateral palpebral fissure symmetry by less than 0.5 mm was considered as satisfactory outcome. RESULTS: Duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved over 60% of patients in group A (A1, 60.6%; A2, 66.67%) and in 96% of patients in group B (B1, 95%; B2, 96.67%). Patients with unsatisfactory outcomes underwent repair according to Hering's law after 3 months and obtained good results. CONCLUSIONS: Application of Hering's law may improve outcomes of corrective surgery in patients with asymmetric ptosis.

Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate.

Optically pure sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate is efficiently and practically synthesized through a chiral hemiacetal as the key intermediate in 54% overall yield starting from (E)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)but-2-enal and N-boc-protected hydroxylamine. The chiral hemiacetal fragment is constructed by a tandem aza-Michael/hemiacetal reaction catalyzed by an organocatalyst and the influence of acidity of Brønsted acid on tandem aza-Michael/hemiacetal reaction is researched in detail.

Adsorption of methyl orange dye onto biochar adsorbent prepared from chicken manure.

In this work, the biochar adsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was prepared from the pyrolysis (600 °C, 120 min) of chicken manure for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution, and its physicochemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The experimental parameters including agitation speed, initial solution pH, biochar dosage and contact time on the adsorption properties of MO from aqueous solution onto CMC were investigated in batch experiments. The kinetic adsorption of different initial concentration could be accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model and the overall rate process was apparently influenced by external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model showed a better fit with equilibrium data (R2 > 0.99), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 39.47 mg·g-1 at 25 °C. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of MO onto CMC was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results of this study indicated that CMC could be used as a promising biomass adsorbent material for aqueous solutions containing MO.

CD73 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell functions and facilitates atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Extracellular adenosine, generated by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) via enzymatic catalyzation, has been found to facilitate atherosclerosis (AS). Thus, suppressing CD73 may attenuate AS. In this study, we evaluated the role of CD73 during AS development and further explored cellular and molecular mechanism in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In a mouse model of carotid artery ligation, inactivation of CD73 inhibited migration and proliferation of vascular SMCs. In in vitro experiments, RNA interference of CD73 inhibited migration, proliferation, and foam cell transformation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells. Further, we established an atherosclerotic model using ApoE-/- mice fed with a western diet for 16 weeks. Inactivation of CD73-attenuated AS and hyperlipidemia in ApoE-/- mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD73 facilitates AS by promoting migration, proliferation, and foam cell transformation of vascular SMCs and elevating serum lipid levels. Thus, inhibition of CD73 may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of AS.

Direct synthesis of a geminal zwitterionic phosphonium/hydridoborate system--developing an alternative tool for generating frustrated Lewis pair hydrogen activation systems.

A convenient way to a new class of geminal Mes2PH(+)/B(C6F5)2H(-) pairs is presented. It utilizes triflic acid addition to trans-Mes2PCH=CHB(C6F5)2 followed by triflate/hydride exchange. Thermally induced ring-closure gave a phosphonium/boratacyclopropane zwitterion 8 which formed the Mes2PH(CHMe)B(C6F5)2H P/B FLP-H2 product 10 by subsequent treatment with triflic acid and a silane, or alternatively with dihydrogen at 90 °C. The product 10 is an active catalyst for the hydrogenation of a variety of unsaturated organic substrates, including a quinoline derivative. Treatment of compound 8 with HB(C6F5)2 gave a bifunctional borane 14 which selectively reduced carbon monoxide to the formyl stage.

Inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on platelet aggregation and the underlying mechanisms.

H2S (hydrogen sulfide) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities and offers cardiovascular protection. The effect of H2S on platelet function, however, has been less clear. Platelet activation is a key step in the initiation and development of atherothrombotic diseases. This study explored the effects and mechanisms of H2S on human platelet in vitro and under dyslipidemia conditions. This study indicated that the collagen-induced aggregation of washed human platelets, adenosine triphosphate release, and TXA2 formation were inhibited by NaHS incubation. Furthermore, NaHS significantly decreased intracellular calcium concentration in washed human platelets stimulated with collagen and inhibited collagen-induced c-PLA2, p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK, PLC-γ2, and Akt phosphorylation. Finally, NaHS inhibited the aggregation of washed human platelets induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein plus collagen. The level of plasma lipids and the collagen-induced rapid platelet aggregation in ApoE knockout mice were also significantly decreased by NaHS treatment. Our study shows that NaHS is able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen. The underlying mechanisms are related to NaHS-induced changes in various signaling pathways and [Ca]i in the platelets. The interaction of NaHS and platelets is also affected by lipid metabolism.

Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on hyperbaric hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a rat model.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is one of the most widely used clinical interventions to counteract insufficient pulmonary oxygen delivery in patients with severe lung injury. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia leads to inflammation and acute lung injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on hyperbaric hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Rats were intraperitoneally treated with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) at 28 µmol/kg immediately before hyperoxia exposure and then exposed to pure oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (atm abs) with continuous ventilation for six hours, Immediately after hyperoxia exposure, rats were sacrificed via anesthesia. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was harvested for the detection of protein concentration and IL-1 content, and the lungs were collected for HE staining, TUNEL staining and detection of wet/dry weight ratio. Our results showed hyperbaric hyperoixa exposure could significantly damage the lung (HE staining), increase the protein and IL-13 in the BALF, elevate the wet/dry Weight ratio and raise the TUNEL positive cells. However, pre-treatment with hydrogen sulfide improved the lung morphology, reduced the TUNEL positive cells and attenuated the lung inflammation (reduction in IL-13 of BALF and HE staining). Taken together, our findings indicate that hydrogen sulfide pretreatment may exert protective effects on hyperbaric hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

Recent Advances in representative small-molecule DRD2 inhibitors: Synthetic Routes and clinical applications.

The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) represents a pivotal target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Parkinson's disease. The successful discovery of numerous effective DRD2 inhibitors has led to their clinical application and ongoing evaluation in various clinical trials. This review explores the synthetic approaches and clinical applications of prototypical small-molecule DRD2 inhibitors that have received approval or are currently undergoing clinical trials, highlighting their therapeutic potential and challenges. The synthesis of these inhibitors employs various chemical strategies, including modifications of phenothiazine and butyrophenone structures, which have yielded significant antipsychotic agents like chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Additionally, newer classes of inhibitors, such as aripiprazole, exhibit partial agonist activity at DRD2, offering a unique therapeutic profile. Clinically, DRD2 inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in managing positive symptoms of schizophrenia, manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and dopaminergic imbalance in Parkinson's disease. However, the emergence of adverse effects, including tardive dyskinesia, extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic syndrome, presents substantial challenges. Advances in the development of second-generation antipsychotics aim to balance efficacy with a better side effect profile by targeting additional neurotransmitter receptors. This review aims to deliver an overview of the synthesis and clinical applications of representative small-molecule DRD2 inhibitors across various clinical phases, thereby offering strategic insights for the advancement of DRD2 inhibitor development.

A comparative retrospective analysis: myocutaneous flap versus skin flap in V-Y medial epicanthal fold reconstruction.

Objectives: To evaluate the comparation of myocutaneous flap vs. skin flap in V-Y medial epicanthal fold reconstruction. Methods: The study, conducted from April 2017 to June 2022, involved two groups: group A, comprising 21 patients who underwent medial epicanthal fold restoration surgery using the V-Y advancement method with a skin flap, and group B, comprising 83 patients who underwent the same procedure, while with a myocutaneous flap for orbicularis oculi ring reconstruction. Intercanthal distances were measured preoperatively, recorded during preoperative and postoperative reviews, and assessed through a 4-point Likert satisfaction questionnaire. Results: A total of 104 patients were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. In group A, preoperative intercanthal distances ranged from 28.7 mm to 38.2 mm, increasing to 30.2 mm-40.6 mm postoperatively, with a mean increase of 3.0 mm (P < 0.05). In group B, preoperative distances ranged from 28.8 mm to 38.0 mm, increasing to 32.2 mm-41.5 mm postoperatively, with a mean increase of 3.9 mm (P < 0.05). Group B exhibited a higher overall satisfaction rate compared to group A. Conclusion: The myocutaneous flap V-Y procedure, employing the principle of orbicularis oculi ring reconstruction, achieves more stable postoperative results than the flap-only V-Y procedure. Consequently, it can be regarded as the preferred surgical technique.