RESUMEN
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of hospitalized patients, imposing a major clinical and economic burden. Three of four cases of fatal pulmonary embolism occur in nonsurgical settings, but thromboprophylaxis is far less common in medical than in surgical patients. This is mainly attributable to the heterogeneity of nonsurgical populations and lack of high-quality evidence to support specific thromboprophylactic measures. The recent Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in MEDical Patients With ENOXaparin (MEDENOX) trial addressed this deficiency by assessing the need for and the benefit:risk ratio of thromboprophylaxis in a well-defined group of medical patients immobilized with severe illness. The MEDENOX study showed that these patients are at significant risk of VTE. Enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily for 6 to 14 days, reduced the risk of VTE by 63% without increasing adverse events. It is anticipated that data from the MEDENOX study will be incorporated into future consensus guidelines on the prevention of VTE. Further studies are required to assess the benefit:risk ratio of therapy in other clearly-defined medical groups.