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The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)-the only living member of the reptilian order Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana1,2-is an iconic species that is endemic to New Zealand2,3. A key link to the now-extinct stem reptiles (from which dinosaurs, modern reptiles, birds and mammals evolved), the tuatara provides key insights into the ancestral amniotes2,4. Here we analyse the genome of the tuatara, which-at approximately 5 Gb-is among the largest of the vertebrate genomes yet assembled. Our analyses of this genome, along with comparisons with other vertebrate genomes, reinforce the uniqueness of the tuatara. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the tuatara lineage diverged from that of snakes and lizards around 250 million years ago. This lineage also shows moderate rates of molecular evolution, with instances of punctuated evolution. Our genome sequence analysis identifies expansions of proteins, non-protein-coding RNA families and repeat elements, the latter of which show an amalgam of reptilian and mammalian features. The sequencing of the tuatara genome provides a valuable resource for deep comparative analyses of tetrapods, as well as for tuatara biology and conservation. Our study also provides important insights into both the technical challenges and the cultural obligations that are associated with genome sequencing.
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Evolución Molecular , Genoma/genética , Filogenia , Reptiles/genética , Animales , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/tendencias , Femenino , Genética de Población , Lagartos/genética , Masculino , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Nueva Zelanda , Caracteres Sexuales , Serpientes/genética , SinteníaRESUMEN
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of total heart failure patients and is characterized by peripheral circulation, cardiac remodelling and comorbidities (such as advanced age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes) with limited treatment options. Chidamide (HBI-8000) is a domestically produced benzamide-based histone deacetylase isoform-selective inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Based on our in vivo studies, we propose that HBI-8000 exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy in HFpEF patients. At the cellular level, we found that HBI-8000 inhibits AngII-induced proliferation and activation of CFs and downregulates the expression of fibrosis-related factors. In addition, we observed that the HFpEF group and AngII stimulation significantly increased the expression of TGF-ß1 as well as phosphorylated p38MAPK, JNK and ERK, whereas the expression of the above factors was significantly reduced after HBI-8000 treatment. Activation of the TGF-ß1/MAPK pathway promotes the development of fibrotic remodelling, and pretreatment with SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) reverses this pathological change. In conclusion, our data suggest that HBI-8000 inhibits fibrosis by modulating the TGF-ß1/MAPK pathway thereby improving HFpEF. Therefore, HBI-8000 may become a new hope for the treatment of HFpEF patients.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Piridinas , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Volumen Sistólico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Benzamidas/farmacología , FibrosisRESUMEN
Senescent kidney can lead to the maladaptive repairment and predispose age-related kidney diseases. Here, we explore the renal anti-senescence effect of a known kind of drug, sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). After 4 months intragastrically administration with dapagliflozin on senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain mice, the physiologically effects (lowering urine protein, enhancing glomerular blood perfusion, inhibiting expression of senescence-related biomarkers) and structural changes (improving kidney atrophy, alleviating fibrosis, decreasing glomerular mesangial proliferation) indicate the potential value of delaying kidney senescence of SGLT2i. Senescent human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells induced by H2 O2 also exhibit lower senescent markers after dapagliflozin treatment. Further mechanism exploration suggests LTBP2 have the great possibility to be the target for SGLT2i to exert its renal anti-senescence role. Dapagliflozin down-regulate the LTBP2 expression in kidney tissues and HK-2 cells with senescent phenotypes. Immunofluorescence staining show SGLT2 and LTBP2 exist colocalization, and protein-docking analysis implies there is salt-bridge formation between them; these all indicate the possibility of weak-interaction between the two proteins. Apart from reducing LTBP2 expression in intracellular area induced by H2 O2 , dapagliflozin also decrease the concentration of LTBP2 in cell culture medium. Together, these results reveal dapagliflozin can delay natural kidney senescence in non-diabetes environment; the mechanism may be through regulating the role of LTBP2.
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Enfermedades Renales , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Ratones , Humanos , Animales , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Riñón/metabolismo , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión a TGF-beta LatenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a life-threatening renal disease and needs urgent therapies. Wogonin is renoprotective in DN. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of how wogonin regulated high glucose (HG)-induced renal cell injury. METHODS: Diabetic mice (db/db), control db/m mice, and normal glucose (NG)- or HG-treated human tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were used to evaluate the levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inflammation and fibrosis. Lentivirus was used to regulate SOCS3 and TLR4 expressions. After oral gavage of wogonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle in db/db mice, histological morphologies, blood glucose, urinary protein, serum creatinine values (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. RT-qPCR and Western blot evaluated inflammation and fibrosis-related molecules. RESULTS: HG exposure induced high blood glucose, severe renal injuries, high serumal Src and BUN, low SOD and GSH, and increased ROS. HG downregulated SOCS3 but upregulated TLR4 and JAK/STAT, fibrosis, and inflammasome-related proteins. Wogonin alleviated HG-induced renal injuries by decreasing cytokines, ROS, Src, and MDA and increasing SOD and GSH. Meanwhile, wogonin upregulated SOCS3 and downregulated TLR4 under HG conditions. Wogonin-induced SOCS3 overexpression directly decreased TLR4 levels and attenuated JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related inflammation and fibrosis, but SOCS3 knockdown significantly antagonized the protective effects of wogonin. However, TLR4 knockdown diminished SOCS3 knockdown-induced renal injuries. CONCLUSION: Wogonin attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis by upregulating SOCS3 to inhibit TLR4 and JAK/STAT pathway.
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Nefropatías Diabéticas , Flavanonas , Transducción de Señal , Proteína 3 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas , Receptor Toll-Like 4 , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/uso terapéutico , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Proteína 3 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteína 3 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas/genética , Nefropatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nefropatías Diabéticas/etiología , Animales , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Humanos , Masculino , Quinasas Janus/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción STAT/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study explored the molecular mechanisms by which dexmedetomidine (Dex) alleviates cisplatin (CP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. METHODS: CP-induced AKI models were established, and Dex was intraperitoneally injected at different concentrations into rats in the model groups. Subsequently, rats were assigned to the control, CP, CP + Dex 10 µg/kg, and CP + Dex 25 µg/kg groups. After weighing the kidneys of the rats, the kidney arterial resistive index was calculated, and CP-induced AKI was evaluated. In addition, four serum biochemical indices were measured: histopathological damage in rat kidneys was detected; levels of inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, in kidney tissue homogenate of rats were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and levels of NLRP-3, caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and GSDMD-N in kidney tissues of rats were determined via western blotting. RESULTS: Dex treatment reduced nephromegaly and serum clinical marker upregulation caused by CP-induced AKI. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that Dex treatment relieved CP-induced kidney tissue injury in AKI rats. ELISA analyses demonstrated that Dex treatment reduced the upregulated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney tissue of AKI rats induced by CP, thereby alleviating kidney tissue injury. Western blotting indicated that Dex alleviated CP-induced AKI by inhibiting pyroptosis mediated by NLRP-3 and caspase-1. CONCLUSION: Dex protected rats from CP-induced AKI, and the mechanism may be related to NLRP-3/Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Dexmedetomidina , Ratas , Animales , Dexmedetomidina/efectos adversos , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/prevención & control , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Riñón/patología , Interleucina-1beta , Caspasas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in important biological processes by regulating post-transcriptional gene expression and exhibit differential expression patterns during development, immune responses, and stress challenges. The diamondback moth causes significant economic damage to crops worldwide. Despite substantial advancements in understanding the molecular biology of this pest, our knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in regulating key immunity-related genes remains limited. In this study, we leveraged whole transcriptome resequencing data from Plutella xylostella infected with Metarhizium anisopliae to identify specific miRNAs targeting the prophenoloxidase-activating protease1 (PAP1) gene and regulate phenoloxidase (PO) cascade during melanization. Seven miRNAs (pxy-miR-375-5p, pxy-miR-4448-3p, pxy-miR-279a-3p, pxy-miR-3286-3p, pxy-miR-965-5p, pxy-miR-8799-3p, and pxy-miR-14b-5p) were screened. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that pxy-miR-279a-3p binds to the open reading frame (ORF) and pxy-miR-965-5p to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of PAP1. Our experiments demonstrated that a pxy-miR-965-5p mimic significantly reduced PAP1 expression in P. xylostella larvae, suppressed PO activity, and increased larval mortality rate. Conversely, the injection of pxy-miR-965-5p inhibitor could increase PAP1 expression and PO activity while decreasing larval mortality rate. Furthermore, we identified four LncRNAs (MSTRG.32910.1, MSTRG.7100.1, MSTRG.6802.1, and MSTRG.22113.1) that potentially interact with pxy-miR-965-5p. Interference assays using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) revealed that silencing MSTRG.7100.1 and MSTRG.22113.1 increased the expression of pxy-miR-965-5p. These findings shed light on the potential role of pxy-miR-965-5p in the immune response of P. xylostella to M. anisopliae infection and provide a theoretical basis for biological control strategies targeting the immune system of this pest.
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Lepidópteros , Metarhizium , MicroARNs , Animales , Metarhizium/genética , Lepidópteros/genética , Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Bioensayo , Larva/genética , MicroARNs/genéticaRESUMEN
Clarifying the risk factors and mechanisms that contribute to the onset of cognitive impairment following estrogen depletion is essential for improving the quality of life of older females. In the current study, using behavioral tests, 16S rDNA sequencing, in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology, optogenetics and chemogenetics, we found that high-fat diet (HFD)-accelerated impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory, gut microbiota, and hippocampal theta rhythmogenesis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and fecal microbiota transplantation rescued these phenomena. The identification of fasting-activated medial septal neurons showed that PV+ GABAergic neurons in the medial septal area (MSA) respond to gut sensory signals. Optogenetic activation of septohippocampal PV+ GABAergic fibers (but not cholinergic fibers) significantly rescued hippocampal theta rhythmogenesis and spatial memory in HFD-fed OVX mice. Resistant starch supplementation (RSHFD) rectified the gut Prevotellaceae and considerably alleviated reduced septal gut-responsive neurons, decreased hippocampal theta rhythm, and impaired hippocampus-dependent memory in HFD-fed OVX mice. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of septal PV+ GABAergic neurons reversed the neuroprotective effects of resistant starch supplementation. These findings highlight the notable gut-sensory nature of medial septal PV+ GABAergic neurons. A HFD accelerates estrogen deficiency-induced cognitive impairment by disrupting the gut Prevotellaceae-septo-hippocampal pathway. This study contributes to a better understanding of the precise gut-brain control of cognition and cognitive impairment in postmenopausal females.
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Dieta Alta en Grasa , Memoria Espacial , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida , Almidón Resistente/metabolismo , Almidón Resistente/farmacología , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Neuronas GABAérgicas/metabolismo , Ritmo Teta/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Background: The prognostic value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) combined with risk factor burdens in middle-aged and elderly patients with symptoms is unclear. Methods: A cohort study comprising 7432 middle-aged and elderly symptomatic patients (aged above 55 years) was conducted between December 2013 and September 2020. All patients had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography, and the Agatston score were used to measure CAC scores. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which was defined as a composite outcome of nonfatal myocardial infarction, revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft), stroke, and cardiovascular death. Congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, malignant arrhythmia, and all-cause mortality were defined as the secondary outcomes. Results: There are 970 (13%) patients with CAC 0-10, 2331 (31%) patients with CAC 11-100, and 4131 (56%) patients with CAC ≥ 101. The proportion of patients aged 55-65 years, 65-75 years and ≥ 75 years was 40.7%, 38.1% and 21.2%, respectively. The total number of MACCEs over the 3.4 years follow-up period was 478. The percentage of CAC ≥ 101 was higher among the 75-year-old group than the 55-65-year-old group, increasing from 46.5% to 68.2%. With the increase in the CAC score, the proportion of patients aged ≥ 75 years increased from 12.9% to 25.8%, compared to those aged 55-65 years. The number of risk factors gradually increased as the CAC scores increased in the symptomatic patients aged over 55 years and the similar tendencies were observed among the different age subgroups. The proportion of non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was comparable between the three age groups (53.5% vs 51.9% vs 49.1%), but obstruction CAD increased with age. The incidence of MACCE in the group with CAC ≥ 101 and ≥ 4 risk factors was 1.71 times higher (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.92; p = 0.044) than the rate in the group with CAC ≥ 101 and 1 risk factor. In the CAC 0-10 group, the incidence of MACCE in patients aged ≥ 75 years was 12.65 times higher (95% CI: 6.74-23.75; p < 0.0001) than that in patients aged 55-65 years. By taking into account the combination of CAC score, age, and risk factor burden, the predictive power of MACCE can be increased (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.614). Conclusions: In symptomatic patients aged 55 or above, a rise in age, CAC scores, and risk factor burden was linked to a considerable risk of future MACCE. In addition, combining CAC scores, age and risk factors can more accurately predict outcomes for middle-aged and elderly patients with symptoms.
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Magnons serve as a testing ground for fundamental aspects of Hermitian and non-Hermitian wave mechanics and are of high relevance for information technology. This study presents setups for realizing spatiotemporally driven parity-time- (PT) symmetric magnonics based on coupled magnetic waveguides and magnonic crystals. A charge current in a metal layer with strong spin-orbit coupling sandwiched between two insulating magnetic waveguides leads to gain or loss in the magnon amplitude depending on the directions of the magnetization and the charge currents. When gain in one waveguide is balanced by loss in the other waveguide, a PT-symmetric system hosting non-Hermitian degeneracies [or exceptional points (EPs)] is realized. For ac current, multiple EPs appear for a certain gain-loss strength and mark the boundaries between the preserved PT-symmetry and the broken PT-symmetry phases. The number of islands of broken PT-symmetry phases and their extensions is tunable by the frequency and the strength of the spacer current. At EP and beyond, the induced and amplified magnetization oscillations are strong and self-sustained. In particular, these magnetization auto-oscillations in a broken PT-symmetry phase occur at low current densities and do not require further adjustments such as tilt angle between electric polarization and equilibrium magnetization direction in spin-torque oscillators, pointing to a new design of these oscillators and their utilization in computing and sensorics. It is also shown how the periodic gain-loss mechanism allows for the generation of high-frequency spin waves with low-frequency currents. For spatially periodic gain and loss acting on a magnonic crystal, magnon modes approaching each other at the Brillouin-zone boundaries are highly susceptible to PT symmetry, allowing for a wave-vector-resolved experimental realization at very low currents.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the predictive value of FAR combined with CACS for MACCEs. BACKGROUND: The fibrinogen-albumin-ratio (FAR), a novel biomarker of inflammation, is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary calcification score (CACS) is associated with the severity of coronary stenosis and is closely related to the prognosis of CAD patients. What is the prognostic value of FAR in patients with chest pain, which has not been reported. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between CACS and FAR and their impact on prognosis in patients with suspected CAD. METHODS: We used information from 12,904 individuals who had coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) for chest pain and tracked down any significant adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). The following formula was used to calculate FAR: fibrinogen (g/L)/albumin (g/L). Patients were separated into groups with greater levels of FAR (FAR-H) and lower levels of FAR (FAR-L) in accordance with the ideal cut-off value of FAR for MACCEs prediction. In addition, patients were divided into three groups based on their CACS scores (CACS ≤ 100, 100 < CACS ≤ 400, and CACS > 400). RESULTS: 4946 patients [62(55-71) years, 64.4% male] were ultimately enrolled in the present study. During follow-up, a total of 234 cases (4.7%) of MACCEs were documented. Linear regression analysis results showed that CACS (R2 = 0.004, Standard ß = 0.066, P < 0.001) was positively associated with FAR in patients with chest pain.Compared to ones with FAR-L, FAR-H had an increased risk for MACCEs (adjusted HR 1.371(1.053-1.786) P = 0.019). Multivariate Cox regression showed that age (adjusted HR 1.015 95% CI 1.001-1.028;p = 0.03), FAR (adjusted HR 1.355 95% CI 1.042-1.763;p = 0.023),FBG (adjusted HR 1.043 95% CI 1.006-1.083;p = 0.024) and CACS (adjusted HR 1.470 95% CI 1.250-1.727;p < 0.001) were the independent risk factors for MACCEs. The FAR and CACS significantly improved MACCEs risk stratification, contributing to substantial net reclassification improvement ( NRI 0.122, 95% CI 0.054-0.198, P < 0.001) and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI 0.011, 95% CI 0.006-0.017, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: FAR was an independent risk factor for MACCEs. The results showed that CACS was positively associated with FAR in patients with suspected CAD. A higher level of FAR and heavier coronary calcification burden was associated with worse outcomes among patients with suspected CAD. FAR and CACS improved the risk identification of patients with suspected CAD, leading to a significant reclassification of MACCEs.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Calcificación Vascular , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dolor en el Pecho , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , AncianoRESUMEN
Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is considered one of the most destructive worldwide agricultural pests and has developed various defence mechanisms to fight against the available pesticides. Understanding the host-defence system of P. xylostella is vital for developing biocontrol-based pest management strategies. Although there are several studies on P. xylostella, little is known about the changes in the immune system during the larva-to-adult metamorphosis. RNA-seq and iTRAQ investigations of P. xylostella from 2-day-old fourth instar larvae (L4D2), pupa (P0), and adult (A0) were done to understand these alterations at a molecular level. A total of 412/ 584 up-regulated and 1430/ 757 down-regulated genes/proteins between larva and pupa, 813/ 589 up-regulated and 1206/ 846 down-regulated genes/proteins between pupa and adult were identified. It was shown that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) expression were up-regulated during the pupation and emergence of metamorphosis. The pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs and DEPs were mainly associated with the energy generation and metabolism and innate immunity of the insect. The expression of immune-related and developmental-related genes were significantly different during the developmental process of P. xylostella. Moreover, the expression of four focused genes, i.e., serine proteinase inhibitor (Serpin-15), prophenoloxidase activating proteinase 1 (PAP-1) and 3a (PAP-3a), Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein (GNBP-6), was different in developmental stages and after Bacillus thuringiensis HD73 and Metarhizium anisopliae infection. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity in plasma was also significantly up-regulated during the pathogen infection. Recombinant proteins PAP-1, PAP-3a, GNBP-6 could significantly trigger the PO activity in vitro, Serpin-15 could suppress the PO activity. Taken together, these results indicate that Serpin-15, PAP-1, PAP-3a, and GNBP-6 might have the potential for co-regulation of immunity and development in P. xylostella. In conclusion, this study provided the immune system dynamics in the developmental process of P. xylostella and identified four candidate genes that can serve as potential targets for pest control strategies.
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Mariposas Nocturnas , Serpinas , Animales , Sistema Inmunológico , Larva/genética , Proteómica , Pupa , Serpinas/genética , Serpinas/metabolismo , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in physiological and pathological processes. However, no studies have been conducted on the relationship between lncRNAs and renal aging. RESULTS: First, we evaluated the histopathology of young (3-month-old) and old (24-month-old) C57BL/6J mouse kidneys. Masson trichrome staining and PAS staining showed interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis, mesangial matrix expansion, a thicker basement membrane and renal interstitial fibrosis in old mouse kidneys. Senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal)-positive areas in the kidneys of old mice were significantly elevated compared to those of young mice. Then, we analyzed the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the kidneys of young and old mouse kidneys by RNA-seq analysis. 42 known and 179 novel differentially expressed lncRNAs and 702 differential mRNAs were detected in the mouse kidney. Next, we focused on the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs by RNA-seq. GO and KEGG analyses were performed based on differentially expressed mRNAs between young and old mouse kidneys. Transregulation based on RIsearch and the correlation coefficient of mRNA-lncRNA were also calculated. The mRNA-lncRNA network was constructed by choosing a Spearman correlation coefficient > 0.9 or <-0.9. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed mRNAs participated in aging-related pathways. A total of 10 lncRNAs and trans-regulated mRNAs were constructed. Finally, we validated the role of lncRNA Gm43360 by CCK-8, flow cytometry, western blot and SA-ß-gal staining. The expression level of Adra1a was positively correlated and Csnk1a1 was negatively correlated with lncRNA Gm43360. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) results showed that lncRNA Gm43360 promoted cell viability. LncRNA Gm43360 increased the percentage of S phase cells and decreased the percentage of G1 phase cells compared with the negative control. LncRNA Gm43360 decreased the expression of p53, p21 and SA-ß-gal. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA Gm43360 may play a protective role in kidney aging.
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ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Riñón/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ARNRESUMEN
Sirolimus is a potent macrolide immunosuppressant, with a long half-life, a narrow therapeutic window, and large individual variations in pharmacokinetics. In this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip were developed to establish a rapid and efficient clinical screening of sirolimus. The hapten for sirolimus was synthesized by the oximation reaction and then coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare the immunogen and coating antigen. Based on highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the optimized ic-ELISA was 1.54 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.19 ng mL-1 in whole blood samples. Good specificity was revealed by its low cross-reactivity (CR) with several analogs of sirolimus. The visual limit of detection (vLOD) and cut-off values of the strip were 20 and 100 ng mL-1 in whole blood samples, as assessed by the naked eye. Therefore, both methods could be used as potentially rapid monitoring approaches for the detection of sirolimus in human whole blood.
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Oro Coloide , Sirolimus , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Humanos , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
How to accurately detect and efficiently sweep Cr(VI) from contaminated water has come into focus. Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) play vital roles in water environmental chemistry due to excellent hydrolysis-resistant stability. However, as photochemical probes and photocatalysts, poor performances in detection sensitivity, selectivity, and photosensitiveness limit sole Zr-MOFs' applications. So, it is urgent to quest valid strategies to break through the dilemmas. Embedding luminous dyes into MOFs has been considered one of the most feasible avenues. Herein, a dual-emissive RhB@Zr-MOF with orange-yellow fluorescence has been assembled by in situ-encapsulating rhodamine B (RhB) into a zirconium-biquinoline-based MOF. Actually, within RhB@Zr-MOF, the aggregation fluorescence quenching (ACQ) effect of RhB molecules was effectively avoided. Notably, RhB@Zr-MOF exhibits a rapid fluorescence quenching response toward Cr(VI) ions with high selectivity, sensitivity, and anti-interference abilities. More interestingly, unlike the most widely reported fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between MOFs and encapsulated guest modules, photoinduced electron transfer from RhB to Zr-MOF has been confirmed by modeling the ground state and excited states of RhB@Zr-MOF using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The effective electron transfer makes RhB@Zr-MOF more sensitive in probing Cr2O72- and CrO42- ions with ultralow detection limit (DL) values of 6.27 and 5.26 ppb, respectively. Prominently, the detection sensitivity based on DL values has been increased about 6 and 9 times, respectively, compared with pristine Zr-MOF. Moreover, rather negative CB and positive VB potentials make RhB@Zr-MOF have excellent photochemical scavenging ability toward Cr(VI) and MO.
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Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Circonio , Cromo , Colorantes , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Rodaminas , Agua/química , Circonio/químicaRESUMEN
Structure, stability, charge transfer, chemical bonding, and spectroscopic properties of Ga atom-doped neutral Mgn (n = 2-12) clusters have been systematically investigated by CALYPSO and density functional theory. All cluster structures are based on "tetrahedral" and "yurt-like" growth except for GaMg2. The ground state isomer of GaMg8 with high symmetry structure is predicted to be the best-fit candidate for the "magic" cluster because of its excellent stability. Natural bond orbital calculations reveal that Ga and Mg atoms play the role of electron acceptor and donor in all ground state isomers, while the orbitals in both Ga and Mg are sp-hybridized. Most importantly, chemical bonding studies based on atom-in-molecular theory have shown that the lowest-energy state of GaMg4 is so special, in that it has not only the critical size for the appearance of Mg-Mg covalent bonds, but also the only cluster that has both Ga-Mg covalent and non-covalent bonds. Finally, theoretical calculations of IR and Raman spectra of all ground state isomers indicate that the spectra of these clusters are observable in the low-frequency band, and thus they can be identified by spectroscopic experiments. Furthermore, the bond heterogeneity of the Ga-Mg in the GaMg4 ground state isomer has also been specifically investigated, including the fixed GaMg4 structure with Mg atoms added in different directions, as well as ab initio molecular dynamics sampling at different temperatures.
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Hawthorn, one of the widely-used traditional Chinese medicines, has been used to treat dyspepsia, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease in the clinic. Our previous study revealed that gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, vitexin, and quercetin were active components of hawthorn. In this study, a simple, precise, and reliable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of five components in rat serums. The separation was achieved on the Hypersil GOLD C18 column, and the mobile phases consisted of 0.1% acetic acid water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mass spectrometry data acquisition was performed on Q-Extractive-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source in negative ion mode. The proposed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was validated in terms of linearity, intra- and inter-precision, accuracy, recoveries, matrix effects, and stability. Then this newly proposed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study on rats after oral administration of hawthorn aqueous extracts. This study provided relevant information on the pharmacokinetics of active components of hawthorn and explained the underlying mechanism of their bioactivity.
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Crataegus , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Administración Oral , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , AguaRESUMEN
Hawthorn, one of the widely-used Chinese herbal medicines, has been used to treat blood stasis syndrome in the clinic, but its blood-activating components are unclear. This study combined the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple exactive-orbitrap mass spectrometry with chemometrics to identify the blood-activating components of hawthorn. Different polar fractions of hawthorn aqueous extracts were extracted and mixed to prepare 14 samples. The contents of 25 chemical components for 14 samples were determined by the proposed quantitative method which was validated in terms of linearity, precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery, while the blood-activating effect was evaluated by measuring the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and plasma fibrinogen levels. Then the partial least squares model was established on the spectrum-effect relationship. The result showed that vitexin-2â³-O-rhamnoside, rutin, citric acid, malic acid, gallic acid, and fumaric acid could reduce the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and plasma fibrinogen levels in blood stasis model rats, and these components were the blood-activating components of hawthorn. This study provided a scientific basis for clarifying the blood-activating components of hawthorn, and the spectrum-effect approach proved to be an effective approach to discovering the bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicines.
Asunto(s)
Crataegus , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Animales , Quimiometría , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Crataegus/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Fibrinógeno , Ratas , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
Chromium Cr(VI) is frequently used in many fields and has been intensively researched for detection and/or removal from contaminated water. However, the existing approaches are still of low efficiency, high cost, and cumbersome in operation. It is thus highly imperative to hunt for alternative avenues to get out of the predicament. In this work, two bcu topological and highly stable zirconium-metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) of 1 and 2 have been deliberately prepared, displaying channel-type interior spaces replete with free bipyridine/biquinoline matrices and Zr-O defect sites. Because of their unique intrinsic features of high porosity and photosensitivity, 1 and 2 were deployed as versatile platforms to sense, adsorb, and catalytically reduce Cr(VI) ions. Indeed, the Zr-MOF of 1 performs excellently in fluorescence sensing and adsorption trapping of Cr(VI), with an ultralow detection limit of 0.0176 ppm and a fairly high saturated adsorption capacity of 145.77 mg/g, while 2 is more powerful than 1 in photochemical removal of Cr(VI), exhibiting a remarkable reduction efficiency of 98.05% just within 70 min and still up to 92.21% even after five consecutive photocatalytic cycles. Furthermore, possible photoluminescence, quenching, and reduction mechanisms were also tentatively proposed. This study may open up a new avenue for addressing some unresolved environmental issues, that is, the decontamination of highly toxic Cr(VI) from water.
RESUMEN
Intracellular ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-α/ß-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier which can covalently bind other proteins in a process called ISGylation; it is an effector of IFN-α/ß-dependent antiviral immunity in mice. We previously published a study describing humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency but without unusually severe viral diseases. We showed that these patients were prone to mycobacterial disease and that human ISG15 was non-redundant as an extracellular IFN-γ-inducing molecule. We show here that ISG15-deficient patients also display unanticipated cellular, immunological and clinical signs of enhanced IFN-α/ß immunity, reminiscent of the Mendelian autoinflammatory interferonopathies Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and spondyloenchondrodysplasia. We further show that an absence of intracellular ISG15 in the patients' cells prevents the accumulation of USP18, a potent negative regulator of IFN-α/ß signalling, resulting in the enhancement and amplification of IFN-α/ß responses. Human ISG15, therefore, is not only redundant for antiviral immunity, but is a key negative regulator of IFN-α/ß immunity. In humans, intracellular ISG15 is IFN-α/ß-inducible not to serve as a substrate for ISGylation-dependent antiviral immunity, but to ensure USP18-dependent regulation of IFN-α/ß and prevention of IFN-α/ß-dependent autoinflammation.