Effects of epidural analgesia at 1 cm cervical dilatation on labor interventions in full-term primigravida: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia administered as early as cervical dilatation of 1 cm on labor interventions and maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective research recruited 1007 full-term primigravidas, who were distributed to two separate cohorts for eligibility: epidural analgesia 1 (cervical dilatation = 1 cm) and epidural analgesia 2 (cervical dilatation >1 cm). Labor interventions (artificial rupture of membranes and oxytocin administration) and duration of labor were the primary outcomes. RESULTS: The effect of initiation timing of epidural analgesia on artificial membrane rupture was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [0.58-1.24], p > 0.05). Less oxytocin was used in the epidural analgesia 2 group compared with the epidural analgesia 1 group (the adjusted OR: 0.68 [0.49-0.95], p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the median time to latent phase of labor, active phase of labor, second, and third stages of labor (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between the epidural analgesia 1 group and the epidural analgesia 2 group. CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia could be administered at cervical dilatation = 1 cm.

Vacuum sealing drainage to treat Fournier's gangrene.

BACKGROUND: Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is widely applied in complex wound repair. We aimed to compare traditional debridement and drainage and VSD in treating Fournier's gangrene (FG). METHODS: Data of patients surgically treated for FG were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients (men: 31, women: 5; mean age: 53.5 ± 11.3 [range: 28-74] years) included in the study, no patients died. Between-group differences regarding sex, age, BMI, time from first debridement to wound healing, number of debridements, FGSI, and shock were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, lesion diameter, colostomy, VAS score, dressing changes, analgesic use, length of hospital stay, and wound reconstruction method (χ2 = 5.43, P = 0.04) exhibited statistically significant differences. Tension-relieving sutures (6 vs. 21) and flap transfer (4 vs. 2) were applied in Groups I and II, respectively. CONCLUSION: VSD can reduce postoperative dressing changes and analgesic use, and shrunk the wound area, thereby reducing flap transfer in wound reconstruction.

A Novel SPAST Mutation Results in Spastin Accumulation and Defects in Microtubule Dynamics.

BACKGROUND: Haploinsufficiency is widely accepted as the pathogenic mechanism of spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4). However, there are some cases that cannot be explained by reduced function of the spastin protein encoded by SPAST. OBJECTIVES: To identify the causative gene of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in three large Chinese families and explore the pathological mechanism of a spastin variant. METHODS: Three large Chinese hereditary spastic paraplegia families with a total of 247 individuals (67 patients) were investigated, of whom 59 members were recruited to the study. Genetic testing was performed to identify the causative gene. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the effects of the mutant proteins in vitro. RESULTS: In the three hereditary spastic paraplegia families, of whom three index cases were misdiagnosed as other types of neurological diseases, a novel c.985dupA (p.Met329Asnfs*3) variant in SPAST was identified and was shown to cosegregate with the phenotype in the three families. The c.985dupA mutation produced two truncated mutants (mutant M1 and M87 isoforms) that accumulated to a higher level than their wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, the mutant M1 isoform heavily decorated the microtubules and rendered them resistant to depolymerization. In contrast, the mutant M87 isoform was diffusely localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, could not decorate microtubules, and was not able to promote microtubule disassembly. CONCLUSIONS: SPAST mutations leading to premature stop codons do not always act through haploinsufficiency. The truncated spastin may damage the corticospinal tracts through an isoform-specific toxic effect.

Atp23p and Atp10p coordinate to regulate the assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase.

Two chaperones, Atp23p and Atp10p, were previously shown to regulate the assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase, and extra expression of ATP23 was found to partially rescue an atp10 deletion mutant, by an unknown mechanism. Here, we identified that the residues 112-115 (LRDK) of Atp23p were required for its function in assisting assembly of the synthase, and demonstrated both functions of Atp23p, processing subunit 6 precursor and assisting assembly of the synthase, were required for the partial rescue of atp10 deletion mutant. By chasing labeling with isotope 35 S-methionine, we found the stability of subunit 6 of the synthase increased in atp10 null strain upon overexpression of ATP23. Further co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and blue native PAGE experiments showed that Atp23p and Atp10p were physically associated with each other in wild type. Moreover, we revealed the expression level of Atp23p increased in atp10 null mutant compared with the wild type. Furthermore, we found that, after 72 hours growth, atp10 null mutant showed leaky growth on respiratory substrates, presence of low level of subunit 6 and partial recovery of oligomycin sensitivity of mitochondrial ATPase activity. Further characterization revealed the expression of Atp23p increased after 24 hours growth in the mutant. These results indicated, in atp10 null mutant, ATP10 deficiency could be partially complemented with increased expression of Atp23p by stabilizing some subunit 6 of the synthase. Taken together, this study revealed the two chaperones Atp23p and Atp10p coordinated to regulate the assembly of mitochondrial ATP synthase, which advanced our understanding of mechanism of assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase.

Kub3 Deficiency Causes Aberrant Late Embryonic Lung Development in Mice by the FGF Signaling Pathway.

As a Ku70-binding protein of the KUB family, Kub3 has previously been reported to play a role in DNA double-strand break repair in human glioblastoma cells in glioblastoma patients. However, the physiological roles of Kub3 in normal mammalian cells remain unknown. In the present study, we generated Kub3 gene knockout mice and revealed that knockout (KO) mice died as embryos after E18.5 or as newborns immediately after birth. Compared with the lungs of wild-type (WT) mice, Kub3 KO lungs displayed abnormal lung morphogenesis and pulmonary atelectasis at E18.5. No difference in cell proliferation or cell apoptosis was detected between KO lungs and WT lungs. However, the differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells and the maturation of type II epithelial cells were impaired in KO lungs at E18.5. Further characterization displayed that Kub3 deficiency caused an abnormal FGF signaling pathway at E18.5. Taking all the data together, we revealed that Kub3 deletion leads to abnormal late lung development in mice, resulting from the aberrant differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells and the immaturation of type II epithelial cells due to the disturbed FGF signaling pathway. Therefore, this study has uncovered an essential role of Kub3 in the prenatal lung development of mice which advances our knowledge of regulatory factors in embryonic lung development and provides new concepts for exploring the mechanisms of disease related to perinatal lung development.

T1121G Point Mutation in the Mitochondrial Gene COX1 Suppresses a Null Mutation in ATP23 Required for the Assembly of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase.

Nuclear-encoded Atp23 was previously shown to have dual functions, including processing the yeast Atp6 precursor and assisting the assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase. However, it remains unknown whether there are genes functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue atp23 null mutant. In the present paper, we screen and characterize three revertants of atp23 null mutant and reveal a T1121G point mutation in the mitochondrial gene COX1 coding sequence, which leads to Val374Gly mutation in Cox1, the suppressor in the revertants. This was verified further by the partial restoration of mitochondrial ATP synthase assembly in atp23 null mutant transformed with exogenous hybrid COX1 T1121G mutant plasmid. The predicted tertiary structure of the Cox1 p.Val374Gly mutation showed no obvious difference from wild-type Cox1. By further chase labeling with isotope [35S]-methionine, we found that the stability of Atp6 of ATP synthase increased in the revertants compared with the atp23 null mutant. Taking all the data together, we revealed that the T1121G point mutation of mitochondrial gene COX1 could partially restore the unassembly of mitochondrial ATP synthase in atp23 null mutant by increasing the stability of Atp6. Therefore, this study uncovers a gene that is partially functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue ATP23 deficiency, broadening our understanding of the relationship between yeast the cytochrome c oxidase complex and mitochondrial ATP synthase complex.

Screening of pure synthetic coating substrates for induced pluripotent stem cells and iPSC-derived neuroepithelial progenitors with short peptide based integrin array.

Simple and pure synthetic coating substrates are needed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional coating products like animal derived Matrigel in stem cell research. Since integrins are of great importance in cell adhesion and cell-ECM communication, in this study, a commercially available integrin array established by synthetic integrin binding peptides is used to screen coating substrates for iPSCs and NEPs. The results showed that binding peptides of integrin α5ß1, αVß1, αMß2 and αIIbß3 supported cell adhesion of iPSCs, while α5ß1, αVß1 and αIIbß3 binding peptides supported NEPs adhesion. Additionally, integrin α5ß1 binding peptide was revealed to support rapid expansion of iPSCs and iPSC-derived NEPs, as well as the process of NEPs generation, with equal efficiency as Matrigel. In this work, we demonstrated that by supporting stem cell growth in an integrin dependent manner, the integrin array and coating system has the potential to develop more precise and efficient systems in neurological disease modeling.

Analysis of Fungal Composition in Mine-Contaminated Soils in Hechi City.

Fungi play an important role in bioremediation of contaminated soil. However, the diversity of fungal populations in four mine-contaminated soils located in Hechi City has remained unexplored. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of ITS was performed to investigate the diversity and abundance of fungal communities in four mine-contaminated soils in Hechi city. Phylogenetic taxonomy showed that the fungal communities included five phyla. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla in four samples. The most abundant fungi included Agaricomycetes, Nectriaceae, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellaceae, Incertae sedis, Trichocomaceae, Sordariomycetes, and Fusarium. Various fungi with the potential of bioremediation and industrial application were discussed. The results of fungal composition will provide a clue for isolation of new fungi with the potential of bioremediation and industrial application. Furthermore, this study will lay a good foundation for modifying the indigenous fungi by genetic engineering in the future.

The requirement of IRE1 and XBP1 in resolving physiological stress during Drosophila development.

IRE1 mediates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in part by regulating XBP1 mRNA splicing in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In cultured metazoan cells, IRE1 also exhibits XBP1-independent biochemical activities. IRE1 and XBP1 are developmentally essential genes in Drosophila and mammals, but the source of the physiological ER stress and the relative contributions of XBP1 activation versus other IRE1 functions to development remain unknown. Here, we employed Drosophila to address this question. Explicitly, we find that specific regions of the developing alimentary canal, fat body and the male reproductive organ are the sources of physiological stress that require Ire1 and Xbp1 for resolution. In particular, the developmental lethality associated with an Xbp1 null mutation was rescued by transgenic expression of Xbp1 in the alimentary canal. The domains of IRE1 that are involved in detecting unfolded proteins, cleaving RNAs and activating XBP1 splicing were all essential for development. The earlier onset of developmental defects in Ire1 mutant larvae compared to in Xbp1-null flies supports a developmental role for XBP1-independent IRE1 RNase activity, while challenging the importance of RNase-independent effector mechanisms of Drosophila IRE1 function.

Small Al cluster ion implantation into Si and 4H-SiC.

RATIONALE: Continuously downscaling integrated circuit devices requires fabrication of shallower p-n junctions. The ion implantation approach at low energy is subject to low beam current due to the Coulomb repulsion. To overcome this problem cluster ions can be used for implantation. In comparison with single ions, cluster ions possess lower energy per atom and reduced Coulomb repulsion resulting in high equivalent current. METHODS: In this study to carry out low-energy implantation into single crystalline silicon and 4H-SiC samples we employ Aln - (n = 1-5) clusters with energy in the range of 5-20 keV. The Al clusters are obtained by Cs sputtering of Al rod. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS; IONTOF TOF.SIMS-5) is used to study aluminum and oxygen sputter depth profiles for different cluster sizes and implantation energies before and after annealing treatment. RESULTS: A distinguishable effect of the energy per atom in the cluster on reduction of the projected range Rp is revealed. The lowest Rp of 3 ± 1 nm has been achieved in SiC samples at the energy per atom of 1.66 keV. After annealing of Si samples, a considerable change in the Al profiles due to redistribution of Al atoms during motion of the front of recrystallization is observed. The influence of the number of atoms in the cluster at the same energy per atom within the experimental uncertainty is not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The transient effects of the sputtering by the primary ion beam distort the shape of the Al profiles in Si samples. In the case of SiC, due to its relatively lower surface chemical activity, more informative TOF-SIMS depth profiling of the shallow cluster implantation is feasible.

Identification and comparative analysis of microRNAs in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in response to rice allelopathy.

Rice allelopathy is a hot topic in the field of allelopathy, and behaviour of donor allelopathic rice has been well documented. However, few study addresses response of receiver barnyardgrass (BYG). We found that expression of miRNAs relevant to plant hormone signal transduction, nucleotide excision repair and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and p53 signalling pathways was enhanced in BYG co-cultured with the allelopathic rice cultivar PI312777, the expression levels of these miRNAs in BYG plants were positively correlated with allelopathic potential of the co-cultured rice varieties. Treatment of BYG plants with rice-produced phenolic acids also increased miRNA expression in BYG, while treatment with rice-produced terpenoids had no obvious effect on miRNA expression. In the hydroponic system, the largest number of Myxococcus sp. was found in the growth medium containing rice with the highest allelopathic potential. The addition of phenolic acids in the hydroponic medium also increased the number of Myxococcus sp. More interestingly, inoculation with Myxococcus xanthus significantly increased miRNA expression in the treated BYG. Jointed treatments of ferulic acid and M. xanthus led to strongest growth inhibition of BYG. The results suggest that there exist involvement of Myxococcus sp. and mediation of miRNA expression in rice allelopathy against BYG.

High antimicrobial effectiveness with low hemolytic and cytotoxic activity for PEG/quaternary copolyoxetanes.

The alkyl chain length of quaternary ammonium/PEG copolyoxetanes has been varied to discern effects on solution antimicrobial efficacy, hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Monomers 3-((4-bromobutoxy)methyl)-3-methyloxetane (BBOx) and 3-((2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-3-methyloxetane (ME2Ox) were used to prepare precursor P[(BBOx)(ME2Ox)-50:50-4 kDa] copolyoxetane via cationic ring opening polymerization. The 1:1 copolymer composition and Mn (4 kDa) were confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. After C-Br substitution by a series of tertiary amines, ionic liquid Cx-50 copolyoxetanes were obtained, where 50 is the mole percent of quaternary repeat units and "x" is quaternary alkyl chain length (2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 carbons). Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) studies showed Tgs between -40 and -60 °C and melting endotherms for C14-50 and C16-50. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . A systematic dependence of MIC on alkyl chain length was found. The most effective antimicrobials were in the C6-50 to C12-50 range. C8-50 had better overall performance with MICs of 4 µg/mL, E. coli ; 2 µg/mL, S. aureus ; and 24 µg/mL, P. aeruginosa . At 5 × MIC, C8-50 effected >99% kill in 1 h against S. aureus , E. coli , and P. aeruginosa challenges of 10(8) cfu/mL; log reductions (1 h) were 7, 3, and 5, respectively. To provide additional insight into polycation interactions with bacterial membranes, a geometric model based on the dimensions of E. coli is described that provides an estimate of the maximum number of polycations that can chemisorb. Chain dimensions were estimated for polycation C8-50 with a molecular weight of 5 kDa. Considering the approximations for polycation chemisorption (PCC), it is surprising that a calculation based on geometric considerations gives a C8-50 concentration within a factor of 2 of the MIC, 4.0 (±1.2) µg/mL for E. coli . Cx-50 copolyoxetane cytotoxicity was low for human red blood cells, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). Selectivities for bacterial kill over cell lysis were among the highest ever reported for polycations indicating good prospects for biocompatibility.

Effects of epidural analgesia at 1 cm cervical dilatation on multiparae: A retrospective cohort study using propensity score-matching.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia (EA) administered at cervical dilatation of 1 cm on multiparae who underwent vaginal delivery. METHODS: This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort research was conducted between 2021 and 2022. All the singleton multiparae who had previous successful vaginal deliveries and epidural analgesia during this delivery were screened for eligibility. The primary outcome was the effect of EA on the duration of labor. The main secondary outcomes included the incidence of cesarean delivery and umbilical arterial pH. RESULTS: This study incorporated 686 multiparae who were divided into two cohorts: EA 1 (cervical dilatation = 1 cm, n = 166) and EA 2 (cervical dilatation >1 cm, n = 520). In the propensity score-matched cohort (including 164 women in each group), there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of cesarean delivery (4 [2.4%] vs 4 [2.4%], P = 1.000), umbilical arterial pH (7.28 ± 0.06 vs 7.28 ± 0.07, P = 0.550) and other secondary outcomes between the two groups. Based on a comparative assessment of the women who delivered vaginally to the Kaplan-Meier curves and propensity score-matching (including 160 women in each group), there was no statistical significance in the duration of the first, second and third stages of labor (log rank P, P = 0.811; P = 0.413; P = 0.773, respectively). CONCLUSION: Initiation of epidural analgesia at cervical dilatation of 1 cm in multiparae did not cause adverse effects with regard to the duration of labor, increased cesarean deliveries, and bad neonatal outcomes.

[Reflections on the safety regulation of commercialization of synthetic biology products].

With the rapid development of synthetic biology, lots of synthetic biology technology achievements in various application fields have been commercialized, generating broad market prospects. The commercialization of products employing synthetic biology technology (hereinafter referred as synthetic biology products) has brought benefits to human beings, but it has also produced potential safety risks. At present, relevant laws and standards for regulation of biotechnology or genetically modified organisms have been adopted to regulate the safety risks of commercialization of synthetic biology products (CSBP). However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of synthetic biology, the safety risks of CSBP cannot be comprehensively regulated by these laws and standards. Therefore, it is of great significance to formulate specific supervision and management measures for regulating the safety risks of CSBP. This paper summarized the situation of CSBP in the fields of food, medical care, agriculture, environment, energy and materials, analyzed the safety risks existing in the CSBP, and sorted out current supervision situation of its safety risks in European countries, United States, as well as in China. We further proposed suggestions on the safety supervision and management measures on the safety risks of CSBP, including classified examination and approval, classified identification of products, and strict screening and approval of market entities before entering the market, and strengthening safety supervision and emergency treatment as well as accident responsibility investigation after entering the market. This whole-process safety regulation might provide support for the safety of CSBP and promote the healthy and long-term development of synthetic biology industry.

Micro-Expression Recognition Based on Nodal Efficiency in the EEG Functional Networks.

Micro-expression recognition based on ima- ges has made some progress, yet limitations persist. For instance, image-based recognition of micro-expressions is affected by factors such as ambient light, changes in head posture, and facial occlusion. The high temporal resolution of electroencephalogram (EEG) technology can record brain activity associated with micro-expressions and identify them objectively from a neurophysiological standpoint. Accordingly, this study introduces a novel method for recognizing micro-expressions using node efficiency features of brain networks derived from EEG signals. We designed a real-time Supervision and Emotional Expression Suppression (SEES) experimental paradigm to collect video and EEG data reflecting micro- and macro-expression states from 70 participants experiencing positive emotions. By constructing functional brain networks based on graph theory, we analyzed the network efficiencies at both macro- and micro-levels. The participants exhibited lower connection density, global efficiency, and nodal efficiency in the alpha, beta, and gamma networks during micro-expressions compared to macro-expressions. We then selected the optimal subset of nodal efficiency features using a random forest algorithm and applied them to various classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient-Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). These classifiers achieved promising accuracy in micro-expression recognition, with SVM exhibiting the highest accuracy of 92.6% when 15 channels were selected. This study provides a new neuroscientific indicator for recognizing micro-expressions based on EEG signals, thereby broadening the potential applications for micro-expression recognition.

Impaired arginine/ornithine metabolism drives severe HFMD by promoting cytokine storm.

Introduction: The Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), caused by enterovirus 71 infection, is a global public health emergency. Severe HFMD poses a significant threat to the life and well-being of children. Numerous studies have indicated that the occurrence of severe HFMD is associated with cytokine storm. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying cytokine storm development remains elusive, and there are currently no safe and effective treatments available for severe HFMD in children. Methods: In this study, we established a mouse model of severe HFMD to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving cytokine storm. We specifically analyzed metabolic disturbances, focusing on arginine/ornithine metabolism, and assessed the potential therapeutic effects of spermine, an ornithine metabolite. Results: Our results identified disturbances in arginine/ornithine metabolism as a pivotal factor driving cytokine storm onset in severe HFMD cases. Additionally, we discovered that spermine effectively mitigated the inflammatory injury phenotype observed in mice with severe HFMD. Discussion: In conclusion, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying severe HFMD from a metabolic perspective while offering a promising new strategy for its safe and effective treatment.

Machine Learning-Based Design of Superhard High-Entropy Nitride Coatings.

Limited by the inefficiency of the conventional trial-and-error method and the boundless compositional design space of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), accelerating the discovery of superior-performing high-entropy nitride (HEN) coatings remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the superhard HEN coatings were designed and prepared using the rapidly developing data-driven model machine learning (ML). A database containing hardness and different features of HEN coatings was established and categorized into four subsets covering the information on composition, composition-physical descriptors, composition-technique parameters, and composition-physical descriptors-technique parameters. Feature engineering was employed to reduce dimensionality and interpret the impact of features on the evolution of hardness. Both root mean squared error (RMSE) and decision coefficient (R2) were applied to assess the predictive accuracy of ML models with different subsets, proportions of test set, and algorithms. The model with best predicted performance was used to explore superhard HEN coatings in a predefined virtual space. Among the generated 5-/6-/7-/8-component (excluding N) systems, the coating possessing highest hardness was individually selected for further preparation. Four newly prepared coatings achieved the superhard level with an average prediction error of 7.83%. The morphology, chemical composition, structure, and hardness of the newly prepared coatings were discussed. The nanocrystal-amorphous nanocomposite structure of the novel AlCrNbSiTiN coating with the highest hardness of 45.77 GPa was revealed. The results demonstrated that ML can effectively guide the design and composition optimization of superb-performance protective HEN coatings.

Standardized nursing mode effectively controls pain caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of a standardized nursing model in pain management of advanced cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. METHODS: The clinical data of 166 patients with advanced cancer who suffered pain after receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the Oncology Department of Guang'an People's Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 83 patients who received routine care were grouped as a control group, while the other 83 patients who received standardized cancer pain nursing based on routine nursing were set as the experimental group. The location, duration, and degree of pain (numeric rating scales, NRS) and quality of life (European Quality of Life Scale, QLQ-C30) of patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Before treatment and nursing intervention, there were no significant differences in the location, duration, or degree of pain as well as in patients' quality of life between the two groups (all P>0.05). During and after radiotherapy, the pain was mainly concentrated in the skin of the radiation field, and the duration of pain increased with the number of rounds of radiotherapy. After nursing, patients in the experimental group showed lower NRS scores than those in the control group (P<0.05); the scores of physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function, social function and general health status of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05); and the scores of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, insomnia, loss of appetite and constipation in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A standardized cancer pain nursing model can effectively alleviate the radio-chemotherapy induced pain of cancer patients and effectively improve their quality of life.

Molecular subtyping and immune score system by a novel pyroptosis-based gene signature precisely predict immune infiltrating, survival and response to immune-checkpoint blockade in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal types of cancer affecting women globally. Pyroptosis is a recently elucidated form of inflammatory cell death mediated by the gasdermin family and is considered to be associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the impact of pyroptosis on breast cancer patients remains unclear. In this study, we identified 31 Pyroptosis-Related-Genes (PRGs) and investigated their association with patient survival using data from the TCGA database. We then established a gene signature comprising 6 PRGs that were significantly correlated with prognosis, and used these genes to classify breast cancer into 2 molecular subtypes. We investigated the characteristics of these two subtypes and found that our molecular subtyping accurately separated the samples into two groups with distinct immune infiltration and prognosis. Patients with higher expression of these genes had significantly greater immune infiltrating, T cell signaling, and better prognosis. Moreover, we developed an immune score system based on these 6 genes that accurately predicted the immune infiltrating of patients and their response to immune-checkpoint blockade, which was difficult to achieve with previous models. Additionally, through single-cell analyses, we found that patients with higher immune scores had stronger cytotoxic immune cells. In summary, our study identified a novel gene set and developed an immune scoring system based on this gene set that can precisely predict the immune microenvironment and responses to immunotherapy of breast cancer (BRCA) patients, which could be useful in clinical trials.