Internal Vanadium Doping and External Modification Design of P2-Type Layered Mn-Based Oxides as Competitive Cathodes toward Sodium-Ion Batteries.

P2-type layered manganese-based oxides have attracted considerable interest as economical, cathode materials with high energy density for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Despite their potential, these materials still face challenges related to sluggish kinetics and structural instability. In this study, a composite cathode material, Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67V0.1O2@Na3V2O2(PO4)2F was developed by surface-coating P2-type Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67V0.1O2 with a thin layer of Na3V2O2(PO4)2F to enhance both the electrochemical sodium storage and material air stability. The optimized Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67V0.1O2@5wt %Na3V2O2(PO4)2F exhibited a high discharge capacity of 176 mA h g-1 within the 1.5-4.1 V range at a low current density of 17 mA g-1. At an increased current density of 850 mA g-1 within the same voltage window, it still delivered a substantial initial discharge capacity of 112 mAh g-1. These findings validate the significant enhancement of ion diffusion capabilities and rate performance in the P2-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 material conferred by the composite cathode.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of fluoride varnish application in preventing Root caries in elderly persons: a Markov simulation study.

BACKGROUND: Root caries are prevalent issues that affect dental health, particularly among elderly individuals with exposed root surfaces. Fluoride therapy has shown effectiveness in preventing root caries, but limited studies have addressed its cost-effectiveness in elderly persons population. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a fluoride treatment program for preventing root caries in elderly persons within the context of Chinese public healthcare. METHODS: A Markov simulation model was adopted for the cost-effectiveness analysis in a hypothetical scenario from a healthcare system perspective. A 60-year-old subject with 23 teeth was simulated for 20 years. A 5% sodium fluoride varnish treatment was compared with no preventive intervention in terms of effectiveness and cost. Tooth years free of root caries were set as the effect. Transition probabilities were estimated from the data of a community-based cohort and published studies, and costs were based on documents published by the government. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated to evaluate cost-effectiveness. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of data uncertainty. RESULTS: Fluoride treatment was more effective (with a difference of 10.20 root caries-free tooth years) but also more costly (with a difference of ¥1636.22). The ICER was ¥160.35 per root caries-free tooth year gained. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the risk ratio of root caries in the fluoride treatment group influenced the result most. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, fluoride treatment was cost-effective in 70.5% of the simulated cases. CONCLUSIONS: Regular 5% sodium fluoride varnish application was cost-effective for preventing root caries in the elderly persons in most scenarios with the consideration of data uncertainty, but to a limited extent. Improved public dental health awareness may reduce the incremental cost and make the intervention more cost-effective. Overall, the study shed light on the economic viability and impact of such preventive interventions, providing a scientific basis for dental care policies and healthcare resource allocation.

Evaluation of progression-free survival as a surrogate end point in primary CNS lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) as early surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Library were searched up to 7 June 2022. Trial-level analyses were performed by weighted linear regression of logarithmic hazard ratios for PFS and OS. Treatment arm-level analyses were performed between PFS rates and 3- or 5-year OS rates. Results: 1471 PCNSL patients in nine randomized control trials were included. PFS was associated with OS (r = 0.750; 95% CI: 0.228-0.937). Strong linear correlations existed between 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS and 3-year OS (r = 0.896-0.928), moderate or weak correlations existed between 3- to 6-month PFS and 3-year OS, 3-month to 5-year PFS and 5-year OS. Conclusion: Short-term PFS can validly substitute for long-term OS in PCNSL.

Genome assembly of the Chinese maize elite inbred line RP125 and its EMS mutant collection provide new resources for maize genetics research and crop improvement.

Maize is an important crop worldwide, as well as a valuable model with vast genetic diversity. Accurate genome and annotation information for a wide range of inbred lines would provide valuable resources for crop improvement and pan-genome characterization. In this study, we generated a high-quality de novo genome assembly (contig N50 of 15.43 Mb) of the Chinese elite inbred line RP125 using Nanopore long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding, which yield highly contiguous, chromosome-length scaffolds. Global comparison of the RP125 genome with those of B73, W22, and Mo17 revealed a large number of structural variations. To create new germplasm for maize research and crop improvement, we carried out an EMS mutagenesis screen on RP125. In total, we obtained 5818 independent M2 families, with 946 mutants showing heritable phenotypes. Taking advantage of the high-quality RP125 genome, we successfully cloned 10 mutants from the EMS library, including the novel kernel mutant qk1 (quekou: "missing a small part" in Chinese), which exhibited partial loss of endosperm and a starch accumulation defect. QK1 encodes a predicted metal tolerance protein, which is specifically required for Fe transport. Increased accumulation of Fe and reactive oxygen species as well as ferroptosis-like cell death were detected in qk1 endosperm. Our study provides the community with a high-quality genome sequence and a large collection of mutant germplasm.

A new attempt to treat coronal plane fractures of the elbow joint with salvage via an anterior approach.

BACKGROUND: Existing approaches for treating elbow fractures include lateral, medial, anterior and posterior approaches, though the anterior approach is often not chosen by surgeons to avoid damage to important nerves and blood vessels. However, the anterior approach has unique advantages. The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of 38 patients with coronal plane elbow fractures treated through the anterior approach. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 38 cases of coronal plane elbow fracture treated through an anterior approach at our institution between March 2015 and July 2019. The length of the surgical incision, operation time, and postoperative complications were recorded. The range of flexion, extension, and rotation of the affected elbow and the healthy elbow were collected at follow-up. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Function Score (MEPS). RESULTS: All 38 patients were followed up for a mean of 21.26 months (range 12-36 months). Intraoperatively, the mean surgical incision length was 8 ± 2 cm and the mean operative time was 123 ± 59 min. At the final follow-up, solid osseous union was confirmed for all coronal plane elbow fractures. The mean elbow flexion arc was 129 ± 7°, and the extension arc was 9 ± 6°. The mean pronation arc was 83 ± 3°, and the supination arc was 80 ± 3°. The mean MEPS was 90 ± 8 points, with 18 excellent cases and 20 cases of excellent and good results, respectively. In 31 cases, there was no significant difference in elbow extension, flexion, or pronation between the single-fracture and healthy elbows (P > 0.05), though the arc of supination was slightly worse than that of the healthy elbow (P < 0.05). VAS pain scores before the operation, at three months after the operation, and during follow-up were compared, and pain was significantly reduced after treatment (P < 0.05). Two patients experienced transient postoperative median nerve paralysis, from which they recovered within three months. One patient had mild heterotopic ossification and was not treated because it did not affect the function of the elbow joint. All patients returned to work and were satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSION: The anterior approach has the benefits of simplicity, safety, minimal invasiveness, excellent exposure, and satisfactory prognosis for coronal plane elbow fracture.

Enhancement of the Water Affinity of Histidine by Zinc and Copper Ions.

Histidine (His) is widely involved in the structure and function of biomolecules. Transition-metal ions, such as Zn2+ and Cu2+, widely exist in biological environments, and they are crucial to many life-sustaining physiological processes. Herein, by employing density function calculations, we theoretically show that the water affinity of His can be enhanced by the strong cation-π interaction between His and Zn2+ and Cu2+. Further, the solubility of His is experimentally demonstrated to be greatly enhanced in ZnCl2 and CuCl2 solutions. The existence of cation-π interaction is demonstrated by fluorescence, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. These findings are of great importance for the bioavailability of aromatic drugs and provide new insight for understanding the physiological functions of transition metal ions.

A Bridge-Linked Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant for Endowing Vinyl Ester Resin with Low Fire Hazard.

The high flammability of vinyl ester resin (VE) significantly limits its widespread application in the fields of electronics and aerospace. A new phosphorus-based flame retardant 6,6'-(1-phenylethane-1,2 diyl) bis (dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) (PBDOO), was synthesized using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and acetophenone. The synthesized PBDOO was further incorporated with VE to form the VE/PBDOO composites, which displayed an improved flame retardancy with higher thermal stability. The structure of PBDOO was investigated using Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR). The thermal stability and flame retardancy of VE/PBDOO composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vertical burn test (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimetry. The impacts of PBDOO weight percentage (wt%) on the flame-retardant properties of the formed VE/PBDOO composites were also examined. When applying 15 wt% PBDOO, the formed VE composites can meet the UL-94 V-0 rating with a high LOI value of 31.5%. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) of VE loaded 15 wt% of PBDOO decreased by 76.71% and 40.63%, respectively, compared with that of untreated VE. In addition, the flame-retardant mechanism of PBDOO was proposed by analyzing pyrolysis behavior and residual carbon of VE/PBDOO composites. This work is expected to provide an efficient method to enhance the fire safety of VE.

Vital signs monitoring using the macrobending small-core fiber sensor.

Respiration and heartbeat monitoring during sleep is essential in the assessment of personal health. However, conventional monitoring systems are complex, expensive, and uncomfortable. In this Letter, a mat embedded with a macrobending optical fiber sensor is proposed for non-contact vital signs monitoring during sleep based on vibration sensing. Exploiting the whispering gallery mode, a small-core fiber is adopted and pre-bent to enhance sensitivity to subtle vibrations. The mat sensing system can simultaneously detect and track respiration and ballistocardiography. With high vibration sensitivity, high reliability, and good stability, the mat provides a non-contact and low-cost alternative for long-term monitoring of vital signs, especially for daily home use.

Docetaxel exposure and hematological toxicity in Chinese patients with locally advanced/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the relationship with hematological toxicity plus clinical responses of docetaxel in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, a suitable docetaxel exposure level would be identified to guide clinical dosing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 96 patients with locally advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy were enrolled. Docetaxel was measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. Associations between docetaxel exposure and hematologic toxicity, effect, and recurrence time were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine an optimal AUC value to predict the decrease in absolute neutrophil counts. RESULTS: Interpatient variability was large with regard to exposure (AUC) and clearance. The AUC values of 76 patients in course 1 varied more than 4 fold (3.17 ± 0.84 µg×h/mL, ranging from 1.4 to 6.0 µg×h/mL). Clearance was 42.8 L/h (ranging from 20.8 to 73.7 L/h) with ~ 3-fold interindividual variability. The incidence of grade 3/4 leukopenia, 3/4 neutropenia, and febrile neutropenia was 46.3, 85.2, and 13.5%, respectively, in course 1. Docetaxel exposure was the only significant predictor (p < 0.001) of severe toxicity, including grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. A cutoff value of 2.85 µg×h/mL was selected as the target AUC. Higher AUC values were not observed to be associated with better drug effect. CONCLUSION: The dose was calculated based on individual clearance and a target AUC of 2.85 µg×h/mL, helping to adjust the next cycle of doses and solve interpatient variability.

Rapid and label free detection of aflatoxin B1 in alcoholic beverages with a microfluid fiber device.

A rapid and label free aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) microfluid sensor was proposed and tested. The device was fabricated with hollow-core photonics crystal fiber infiltrated with the AFB1 solution. The autofluorescence emitting from the AFB1 molecules was detected. The sensor length was optimized. The AFB1 concentration was tested with a 4 cm long sensor. The best limit of detection was achieved as low as 1.34 ng/ml, which meets the test requirement of the national standards for AFB1 in food. The effectiveness of this sensor being applied in beer solution was also verified to be a little more sensitive than in aqueous solution. Compared with traditional AFB1 detection methods, the proposed single-ended device perfectly satisfies the demand of process control in alcoholic beverages manufacture.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people: A comparison between China and the United Kingdom.

PURPOSE: As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai. RESULTS: Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China. CONCLUSION: This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.

[Mechanism of oxymatrine in treatment of collagen-induced arthritis in mice].

Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, the root of Sophora flavescens Ait., has been widely applied in the medical field due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, bacteriostatic, antiviral, antitumor, and other pharmacological effects. The present study investigated the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of oxymatrine(OMT), the active component of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix by observing its effect on the function of B lymphocytes in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice through the Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) pathway. The CIA model in DBA/1 J mice was induced by bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA). Fifteen days after the primary immunization, mice were treated with OMT for 30 days by intraperitoneal injection. Paw swelling and arthritis index(AI) score were evaluated every 3 days. Joint histopathologic changes were observed by HE staining. Magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS) was used to isolate B lymphocytes from the spleen of CIA mice spleen. The serum expression level of interleukin(IL)-21 was examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of TLR9, STAT3, p-STAT3, and IL-21 in B lymphocytes was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression of TLR9, STAT3, and IL-21 in B lymphocytes was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR). The results showed that OMT could significantly alleviate the paw swelling, decrease the AI score, relieve synovial inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia, reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibit the expression of TLR9, STAT3, p-STAT3, and IL-21 of B lymphocytes in CIA mice. Therefore, OMT may alleviate rheumatoid arthritis by regulating TLR9/MyD88/STAT3 pathway in B lymphocytes, providing a valuable reference for the application of OMT in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Bottom-Up Synthesis of MoS2 /CNTs Hollow Polyhedron with 1T/2H Hybrid Phase for Superior Potassium-Ion Storage.

Enslaved to the large-size K-ions, the construction of suitable anode materials with superior and stable potassium-ion storage properties is a major challenge. 1T phase MoS2 possesses higher conductivity, bigger interlayer distance, and more electrochemically active sites than the 2H phase, which offers intriguing benefits for energy-related applications. In this work, the 1T/2H-phase hybrid MoS2 nanosheets are successfully anchored in the N-doped carbon nanotube hollow polyhedron (1T/2H-MoS2 /NCNHP) by a bottom-up solvothermal method. For the synthesized 1T/2H-MoS2 /NCNHP, the fewer-layer 1T/2H-MoS2 nanosheets are embedded in an N-doped carbon nanotube hollow polyhedron, with an enlarged interlayer spacing of 0.96 nm. When evaluated as anode material for potassium-ion batteries, the 1T/2H-MoS2 /NCNHP hybrid presents outstanding potassium storage performance. It delivers a high-specific capacity of 519.2 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and maintains 281.2 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 over 500 cycles. The good potassium-ion electrochemical performance is attributed to the rational structural design and the synergistic effect of the components. Moreover, the 1T-MoS2 nanosheet has excellent electrical conductivity and its enlarged interlayer spacing reduces the barrier for the embedding and stripping of K ions. Finally, the practical application of the 1T/2H-MoS2 /NCNHP electrode material is also evaluated by assembled K-ion full cells.

High-sensing-resolution distributed hot spot detection system implemented by a relaxed pulsewidth.

Reliable sensing and accurate location of a weak and small hot spot are critical for applications in industrial infrastructure monitoring. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a practical and reliable distributed hot spot detection method using ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (UWFBGs) array and optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) based interrogator. To reliably detect the hot spots, the grating spacing of the sensor array is decreased to a similar size of the hot spot. All UWFBGs within a fiber section (FS) are considered as one sensing element, and the wavelength-division multiplexing technique is introduced to reduce crosstalk between adjacent FSs. To retrieve the sensing information, the proposed FS spectrum interrogation method based on OTDR technology is numerically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The interrogator exploits the reflection spectrum of each FS instead of each grating, enabling the low-speed hardware implementation of the whole demodulation method. Experimental results show that the expected hot spot can be successfully detected with a sensing resolution of 10 cm and a location resolution of 1 m over a range of 2 km by exploiting 10-ns pulsewidth. Besides, the temperature measurement can be demonstrated with a temperature sensing precision of ± 1°C and a measurement time of 1.5 s, which are meaningful for the early warning of centimeters-sized fire source in some oil and gas pipelines monitoring applications.

Fabrication of Ag3PO4/TiO2@molecular sieve (MS) ternary composites with remarkably enhanced visible light-responded photocatalytic activity and mechanism insight.

In this study, Ag3PO4/TiO2@molecular sieve (MS) ternary composites were fabricated via in-situ deposition and hydrothermal growth method for photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde and sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) under visible light irradiation. XRD, PL, UV-vis, UPS, SEM-EDS and XPS techniques were adopted to characterize the composite. The results show that the MS material was indexed as zeolite P and Ag3PO4-TiO2 hybrid structure could improve the absorption of visible light and greatly inhibit the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers by introducing 3 times TiO2. After evaluating the photocatalytic activity and kinetics model, it is found that photocatalytic activity is consistent with the apparent first-order kinetic model. The Ag3PO4/TiO2-3@MS ternary composite under visible light irradiation appears the highest removal rate with 97.9% of formaldehyde and 96.7% of SIBX, respectively. Furthermore, the reusability of the photocatalyst was investigated by successive reuse. After five reuses, the removal rates reached 97.3% and 94.6% within 105 min for formaldehyde and SIBX, respectively. At last, the proposed mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction and the degradation routes of formaldehyde and SIBX were systematically discussed.

α-Fe2 O3 Nanoparticles Decorated C@MoS2 Nanosheet Arrays with Expanded Spacing of (002) Plane for Ultrafast and High Li/Na-Ion Storage.

MoS2 nanosheets as a promising 2D nanomaterial have extensive applications in energy storage and conversion, but their electrochemical performance is still unsatisfactory as an anode for efficient Li+ /Na+ storage. In this work, the design and synthesis of vertically grown MoS2 nanosheet arrays, decorated with graphite carbon and Fe2 O3 nanoparticles, on flexible carbon fiber cloth (denoted as Fe2 O3 @C@MoS2 /CFC) is reported. When evaluated as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the Fe2 O3 @C@MoS2 /CFC electrode manifests an outstanding electrochemical performance with a high discharge capacity of 1541.2 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and a good capacity retention of 80.1% at 1.0 A g-1 after 500 cycles. As for sodium-ion batteries, it retains a high reversible capacity of 889.4 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 over 200 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance mainly results from the unique 3D ordered Fe2 O3 @C@MoS2 array-type nanostructures and the synergistic effect between the C@MoS2 nanosheet arrays and Fe2 O3 nanoparticles. The Fe2 O3 nanoparticles act as spacers to steady the structure, and the graphite carbon could be incorporated into MoS2 nanosheets to improve the conductivity of the whole electrode and strengthen the integration of MoS2 nanosheets and CFC by the adhesive role, together ensuring high conductivity and mechanical stability.

Changes and Significance of SYP and GAP-43 Expression in the Hippocampus of CIH Rats.

Synaptophysin (SYP) and growth-associated binding protein 43 (GAP-43) have been shown to be closely related to hippocampal synaptic plasticity in recent years. They are important molecular markers associated with synaptic plasticity. However, the role of SYP and GAP-43 in chronic intermittent hypoxic injury of the central nervous system needs to be further clarified. In this study, 25 adult male sprague dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (CON) and a chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH) with four time points as follows: 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, and 4 W. The behavioural changes (primarily learning and memory abilities) were observed by the Morris water maze in each group, consisting of 5 rats per group.The localization of SYP and GAP-43 in hippocampal CA1 neurons was observed, and the expression of SYP and GAP-43 in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the mean oxygen saturation of the tail artery in CIH rats was less than that in normal rats (P < 0.05). The escape latency of CIH rats was longer than that of normal rats, and the number of space exploration platform crossings was less than that of normal rats. SYP-positive stained cells were yellow or brown and were mainly expressed on the cell membrane, while the GAP-43-positive staining was brown and was mainly expressed on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. The expression of SYP in plasma decreased gradually at the four time points for the CIH group (P < 0.05), while the expression of GAP-43 in the CIH 1W group increased (P < 0.05) and decreased gradually in the CIH 2 W, CIH 3 W and CIH 4 W groups (P < 0.05).

Development and validation of the cancer self-perceived discrimination scale for Chinese cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: To develop a Cancer Self-Perceived Discrimination Scale (CSPDS) for Chinese cancer patients and to assess its reliability and validity. METHOD: A total of 178 patients were recruited and the classical test theory was used to develop the CSPDS. Item analysis was adapted to improve the preliminary version of the CSPDS, then the reliability, the validity and the acceptability of the final version of CSPDS were assessed. RESULTS: This CSPDS contained 14 items classified into 3 subscales: social withdrawal with 7 items, stigma with 4 and self-deprecation with 3. Good validity (χ2/df = 1.216, GFI = 0.935, AGFI = 0.903, I-CVIs> 0.80) and good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.829, Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.827, test-retest reliability coefficient = 0.944) were found. The completion time was 6.06 ± 1.80 min. Participants who were female and reported poor self-rated health tended to have higher CSPDS scores (P <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that this CSPDS could be used to assess the level of self-perceived discrimination and to preliminarily screen perceived discrimination among Chinese cancer patients, especially in Southwest China. It may provide a basis for scientific assessment of targeted patient education, psychological counseling, social interventions, and psychotherapy in the future.

Effects of the antidepressant, mianserin, on early development of fish embryos at low environmentally relevant concentrations.

Pharmaceuticals have been considered as emerging organic contaminants in the environment that might pose huge risk to the non-target aquatic organisms. Mianserin, a tetracyclic antidepressant, is present at low detectable concentrations in the aquatic environment; however, limited attention has been devoted to its potential adverse effects on the aquatic animals. In the present study, we first performed an acute toxicity test for mianserin exposure using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos during 4-124h post fertilization (hpf). Time-dependent lethal concentrations of mianserin exposure on the zebrafish embryos were firstly determined at mg/L levels. Then, a series of sublethal concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000µg/L of mianserin were prepared for the short-term exposure of zebrafish embryos for 120h. The results showed that mianserin exposure reduced the body length of zebrafish larvae, in addition to altering multiple physiological and biochemical parameters in the exposed embryos/larvae. A dose-dependent inhibition of the total antioxidant capacity and total cholinesterase activity was revealed in the exposed fish larvae upon increasing the concentrations of mianserin exposure. A U-shaped concentration-dependent response curve was observed for the adrenocorticotropic hormone; however, an inversed U-shaped response curve was obtained for the monoamine oxidase level in response to mianserin exposure. Activities of the total adenosine triphosphatase (T-ATPase), Na+/K+-ATPase, and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase were significantly increased in the fish larvae exposed to relatively high doses of mianserin; interestingly however, low dose of mianserin at 10ng/L inhibited their Na+/K+-ATPase and T-ATPase activities. Additionally, the coordinated regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase A was observed in the mianserin-exposed fish larvae, implying a reserved signaling pathway involved in the fish response to the antidepressant. Therefore, our study demonstrated that mianserin exposure significantly affected the early development of fish embryos at environmentally relevant concentrations, and suggested that the risk of pharmaceutical contamination of the aquatic environment, even at low doses, should receive more attention.

Organochlorine pesticide acetofenate and its hydrolytic metabolite in rabbits: Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity.

Acetofenate (AF) is a chiral organochlorine pesticide used for controlling hygiene pests. In this study, the metabolism of AF in rabbits in vivo and in vitro was investigated and the primary chiral metabolite acetofenate-alcohol (AF-A) was analyzed. The cytotoxicity of AF and AF-A was also determined. AF in rabbits in vivo was eliminated so rapidly that AF could not be detected within 10min after intravenous administration at 20mg/kg (body weight), and AF-A was quickly formed. In vitro metabolism assay, using plasma and liver microsomes, showed that AF was also quickly metabolized to AF-A and the metabolic process was significantly enantioselective with preferential degradation of (-)-AF and formation of (-)-AF-A. The cytotoxicity of AF and AF-A were investigated by assessing cell proliferation, apoptosis and generation of reactive oxygen species. The results showed that AF and AF-A induce enantioselective cytotoxicity. This study will be helpful for improving knowledge about the metabolism and toxicity of AF on an enantiomeric level and providing evidence to understand the potential environmental risk.