RESUMEN
Fewer than 200 proteins are targeted by cancer drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We integrate Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) proteogenomics data from 1,043 patients across 10 cancer types with additional public datasets to identify potential therapeutic targets. Pan-cancer analysis of 2,863 druggable proteins reveals a wide abundance range and identifies biological factors that affect mRNA-protein correlation. Integration of proteomic data from tumors and genetic screen data from cell lines identifies protein overexpression- or hyperactivation-driven druggable dependencies, enabling accurate predictions of effective drug targets. Proteogenomic identification of synthetic lethality provides a strategy to target tumor suppressor gene loss. Combining proteogenomic analysis and MHC binding prediction prioritizes mutant KRAS peptides as promising public neoantigens. Computational identification of shared tumor-associated antigens followed by experimental confirmation nominates peptides as immunotherapy targets. These analyses, summarized at https://targets.linkedomics.org, form a comprehensive landscape of protein and peptide targets for companion diagnostics, drug repurposing, and therapy development.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Proteogenómica , Humanos , Proteogenómica/métodos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Péptidos/metabolismo , Proteómica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/metabolismoRESUMEN
We performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using paired tumors and adjacent lung tissues from 112 treatment-naive patients who underwent surgical resection. Integrated multi-omics analysis illustrated cancer biology downstream of genetic aberrations and highlighted oncogenic roles of FAT1 mutation, RB1 deletion, and chromosome 5q loss. Two prognostic biomarkers, HMGB3 and CASP10, were identified. Overexpression of HMGB3 promoted SCLC cell migration via transcriptional regulation of cell junction-related genes. Immune landscape characterization revealed an association between ZFHX3 mutation and high immune infiltration and underscored a potential immunosuppressive role of elevated DNA damage response activity via inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway. Multi-omics clustering identified four subtypes with subtype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. Cell line and patient-derived xenograft-based drug tests validated the specific therapeutic responses predicted by multi-omics subtyping. This study provides a valuable resource as well as insights to better understand SCLC biology and improve clinical practice.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteogenómica , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas , Humanos , Línea Celular , Neoplasias Pulmonares/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/química , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/genética , Xenoinjertos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisisRESUMEN
Despite the successes of immunotherapy in cancer treatment over recent decades, less than <10%-20% cancer cases have demonstrated durable responses from immune checkpoint blockade. To enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, combination therapies suppressing multiple immune evasion mechanisms are increasingly contemplated. To better understand immune cell surveillance and diverse immune evasion responses in tumor tissues, we comprehensively characterized the immune landscape of more than 1,000 tumors across ten different cancers using CPTAC pan-cancer proteogenomic data. We identified seven distinct immune subtypes based on integrative learning of cell type compositions and pathway activities. We then thoroughly categorized unique genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes associated with each subtype. Further leveraging the deep phosphoproteomic data, we studied kinase activities in different immune subtypes, which revealed potential subtype-specific therapeutic targets. Insights from this work will facilitate the development of future immunotherapy strategies and enhance precision targeting with existing agents.
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Neoplasias , Proteogenómica , Humanos , Terapia Combinada , Genómica , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Proteómica , Escape del TumorRESUMEN
To improve the understanding of chemo-refractory high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), we characterized the proteogenomic landscape of 242 (refractory and sensitive) HGSOCs, representing one discovery and two validation cohorts across two biospecimen types (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen). We identified a 64-protein signature that predicts with high specificity a subset of HGSOCs refractory to initial platinum-based therapy and is validated in two independent patient cohorts. We detected significant association between lack of Ch17 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and chemo-refractoriness. Based on pathway protein expression, we identified 5 clusters of HGSOC, which validated across two independent patient cohorts and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. These clusters may represent different mechanisms of refractoriness and implicate putative therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso , Neoplasias Ováricas , Proteogenómica , Femenino , Humanos , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/tratamiento farmacológico , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/genéticaRESUMEN
Hair follicles are essential appendages of the mammalian skin, as hair performs vital functions of protection, thermoregulation and sensation. Hair follicles harbour exceptional regenerative abilities as they contain multiple somatic stem cell populations such as hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and melanocyte stem cells. Surrounding the stem cells and their progeny, diverse groups of cells and extracellular matrix proteins are organized to form a microenvironment (called 'niche') that serves to promote and maintain the optimal functioning of these stem cell populations. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate nature of the HFSC niche and its crucial role in regulating hair follicle regeneration. In this Review, we describe how the niche serves as a signalling hub, communicating, deciphering and integrating both local signals within the skin and systemic inputs from the body and environment to modulate HFSC activity. We delve into the recent advancements in identifying the cellular and molecular nature of the niche, providing a holistic perspective on its essential functions in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration and ageing.
Asunto(s)
Folículo Piloso , Nicho de Células Madre , Animales , Folículo Piloso/fisiología , Cabello , Células Madre/metabolismo , Envejecimiento , MamíferosRESUMEN
Many oncogenic insults deregulate RNA splicing, often leading to hypersensitivity of tumors to spliceosome-targeted therapies (STTs). However, the mechanisms by which STTs selectively kill cancers remain largely unknown. Herein, we discover that mis-spliced RNA itself is a molecular trigger for tumor killing through viral mimicry. In MYC-driven triple-negative breast cancer, STTs cause widespread cytoplasmic accumulation of mis-spliced mRNAs, many of which form double-stranded structures. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding proteins recognize these endogenous dsRNAs, triggering antiviral signaling and extrinsic apoptosis. In immune-competent models of breast cancer, STTs cause tumor cell-intrinsic antiviral signaling, downstream adaptive immune signaling, and tumor cell death. Furthermore, RNA mis-splicing in human breast cancers correlates with innate and adaptive immune signatures, especially in MYC-amplified tumors that are typically immune cold. These findings indicate that dsRNA-sensing pathways respond to global aberrations of RNA splicing in cancer and provoke the hypothesis that STTs may provide unexplored strategies to activate anti-tumor immune pathways.
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Antivirales/farmacología , Inmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Empalmosomas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Inmunidad Adaptativa/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citoplasma/efectos de los fármacos , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Femenino , Amplificación de Genes/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Intrones/genética , Ratones , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Empalme del ARN/efectos de los fármacos , Empalme del ARN/genética , ARN Bicatenario/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Empalmosomas/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genéticaRESUMEN
Cell differentiation and function are regulated across multiple layers of gene regulation, including modulation of gene expression by changes in chromatin accessibility. However, differentiation is an asynchronous process precluding a temporal understanding of regulatory events leading to cell fate commitment. Here we developed simultaneous high-throughput ATAC and RNA expression with sequencing (SHARE-seq), a highly scalable approach for measurement of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in the same single cell, applicable to different tissues. Using 34,774 joint profiles from mouse skin, we develop a computational strategy to identify cis-regulatory interactions and define domains of regulatory chromatin (DORCs) that significantly overlap with super-enhancers. During lineage commitment, chromatin accessibility at DORCs precedes gene expression, suggesting that changes in chromatin accessibility may prime cells for lineage commitment. We computationally infer chromatin potential as a quantitative measure of chromatin lineage-priming and use it to predict cell fate outcomes. SHARE-seq is an extensible platform to study regulatory circuitry across diverse cells in tissues.
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Cromatina/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , ARN/genética , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Línea Celular , Linaje de la Célula/genética , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos/genética , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Histonas/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , ARN/metabolismoRESUMEN
Piloerection (goosebumps) requires concerted actions of the hair follicle, the arrector pili muscle (APM), and the sympathetic nerve, providing a model to study interactions across epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerves. Here, we show that APMs and sympathetic nerves form a dual-component niche to modulate hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity. Sympathetic nerves form synapse-like structures with HFSCs and regulate HFSCs through norepinephrine, whereas APMs maintain sympathetic innervation to HFSCs. Without norepinephrine signaling, HFSCs enter deep quiescence by down-regulating the cell cycle and metabolism while up-regulating quiescence regulators Foxp1 and Fgf18. During development, HFSC progeny secretes Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) to direct the formation of this APM-sympathetic nerve niche, which in turn controls hair follicle regeneration in adults. Our results reveal a reciprocal interdependence between a regenerative tissue and its niche at different stages and demonstrate sympathetic nerves can modulate stem cells through synapse-like connections and neurotransmitters to couple tissue production with demands.
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Nervio Accesorio/fisiología , Folículo Piloso/citología , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Células Madre/metabolismo , Células Madre/fisiología , Nervio Accesorio/citología , Animales , Ciclo Celular/genética , Frío , Femenino , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Cabello/citología , Cabello/fisiología , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Piloerección , RNA-Seq , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/deficiencia , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Smoothened/genética , Receptor Smoothened/metabolismo , Nicho de Células Madre , Células Madre/citología , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/citología , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Sinapsis/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The integration of mass spectrometry-based proteomics with next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing profiles tumors more comprehensively. Here this "proteogenomics" approach was applied to 122 treatment-naive primary breast cancers accrued to preserve post-translational modifications, including protein phosphorylation and acetylation. Proteogenomics challenged standard breast cancer diagnoses, provided detailed analysis of the ERBB2 amplicon, defined tumor subsets that could benefit from immune checkpoint therapy, and allowed more accurate assessment of Rb status for prediction of CDK4/6 inhibitor responsiveness. Phosphoproteomics profiles uncovered novel associations between tumor suppressor loss and targetable kinases. Acetylproteome analysis highlighted acetylation on key nuclear proteins involved in the DNA damage response and revealed cross-talk between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial acetylation and metabolism. Our results underscore the potential of proteogenomics for clinical investigation of breast cancer through more accurate annotation of targetable pathways and biological features of this remarkably heterogeneous malignancy.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/patología , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Proteogenómica , Desaminasas APOBEC/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Estudios de Cohortes , Daño del ADN , Reparación del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Metabolómica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutagénesis/genética , Fosforilación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Proteína de Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Among arthropod vectors, ticks transmit the most diverse human and animal pathogens, leading to an increasing number of new challenges worldwide. Here we sequenced and assembled high-quality genomes of six ixodid tick species and further resequenced 678 tick specimens to understand three key aspects of ticks: genetic diversity, population structure, and pathogen distribution. We explored the genetic basis common to ticks, including heme and hemoglobin digestion, iron metabolism, and reactive oxygen species, and unveiled for the first time that genetic structure and pathogen composition in different tick species are mainly shaped by ecological and geographic factors. We further identified species-specific determinants associated with different host ranges, life cycles, and distributions. The findings of this study are an invaluable resource for research and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.
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Variación Genética/genética , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/microbiología , Garrapatas/genética , Animales , Línea Celular , Vectores de Enfermedades , Especificidad del Huésped/genéticaRESUMEN
Despite intensive efforts to discover highly effective treatments to eradicate tuberculosis (TB), it remains as a major threat to global human health. For this reason, new TB drugs directed toward new targets are highly coveted. MmpLs (Mycobacterial membrane proteins Large), which play crucial roles in transporting lipids, polymers and immunomodulators and which also extrude therapeutic drugs, are among the most important therapeutic drug targets to emerge in recent times. Here, crystal structures of mycobacterial MmpL3 alone and in complex with four TB drug candidates, including SQ109 (in Phase 2b-3 clinical trials), are reported. MmpL3 consists of a periplasmic pore domain and a twelve-helix transmembrane domain. Two Asp-Tyr pairs centrally located in this domain appear to be key facilitators of proton-translocation. SQ109, AU1235, ICA38, and rimonabant bind inside the transmembrane region and disrupt these Asp-Tyr pairs. This structural data will greatly advance the development of MmpL3 inhibitors as new TB drugs.
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Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/ultraestructura , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/ultraestructura , Adamantano/análogos & derivados , Adamantano/metabolismo , Antituberculosos/química , Transporte Biológico , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Diseño de Fármacos , Etilenodiaminas/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ultraestructura , Compuestos de Fenilurea/metabolismo , Rimonabant/metabolismo , Tuberculosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We performed the first proteogenomic characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using paired tumor and adjacent liver tissues from 159 patients. Integrated proteogenomic analyses revealed consistency and discordance among multi-omics, activation status of key signaling pathways, and liver-specific metabolic reprogramming in HBV-related HCC. Proteomic profiling identified three subgroups associated with clinical and molecular attributes including patient survival, tumor thrombus, genetic profile, and the liver-specific proteome. These proteomic subgroups have distinct features in metabolic reprogramming, microenvironment dysregulation, cell proliferation, and potential therapeutics. Two prognostic biomarkers, PYCR2 and ADH1A, related to proteomic subgrouping and involved in HCC metabolic reprogramming, were identified. CTNNB1 and TP53 mutation-associated signaling and metabolic profiles were revealed, among which mutated CTNNB1-associated ALDOA phosphorylation was validated to promote glycolysis and cell proliferation. Our study provides a valuable resource that significantly expands the knowledge of HBV-related HCC and may eventually benefit clinical practice.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virología , Fructosa-Bifosfato Aldolasa/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Crónica/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virología , Proteogenómica/métodos , beta Catenina/genética , Animales , Proliferación Celular , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Persona de Mediana Edad , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMEN
We performed the first proteogenomic study on a prospectively collected colon cancer cohort. Comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of paired tumor and normal adjacent tissues produced a catalog of colon cancer-associated proteins and phosphosites, including known and putative new biomarkers, drug targets, and cancer/testis antigens. Proteogenomic integration not only prioritized genomically inferred targets, such as copy-number drivers and mutation-derived neoantigens, but also yielded novel findings. Phosphoproteomics data associated Rb phosphorylation with increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in colon cancer, which explains why this classical tumor suppressor is amplified in colon tumors and suggests a rationale for targeting Rb phosphorylation in colon cancer. Proteomics identified an association between decreased CD8 T cell infiltration and increased glycolysis in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors, suggesting glycolysis as a potential target to overcome the resistance of MSI-H tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. Proteogenomics presents new avenues for biological discoveries and therapeutic development.
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Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/terapia , Proteogenómica/métodos , Apoptosis/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Genómica/métodos , Glucólisis , Humanos , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Mutación , Fosforilación , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteómica/métodos , Proteína de Retinoblastoma/genética , Proteína de Retinoblastoma/metabolismoRESUMEN
Maintaining homeostasis of Ca(2+) stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for proper Ca(2+) signaling and key cellular functions. The Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel is responsible for Ca(2+) influx and refilling after store depletion, but how cells cope with excess Ca(2+) when ER stores are overloaded is unclear. We show that TMCO1 is an ER transmembrane protein that actively prevents Ca(2+) stores from overfilling, acting as what we term a "Ca(2+) load-activated Ca(2+) channel" or "CLAC" channel. TMCO1 undergoes reversible homotetramerization in response to ER Ca(2+) overloading and disassembly upon Ca(2+) depletion and forms a Ca(2+)-selective ion channel on giant liposomes. TMCO1 knockout mice reproduce the main clinical features of human cerebrofaciothoracic (CFT) dysplasia spectrum, a developmental disorder linked to TMCO1 dysfunction, and exhibit severe mishandling of ER Ca(2+) in cells. Our findings indicate that TMCO1 provides a protective mechanism to prevent overfilling of ER stores with Ca(2+) ions.
Asunto(s)
Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Ataxia/genética , Células COS , Calcio/metabolismo , Canales de Calcio/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/genética , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Osteogénesis/genética , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
To provide a detailed analysis of the molecular components and underlying mechanisms associated with ovarian cancer, we performed a comprehensive mass-spectrometry-based proteomic characterization of 174 ovarian tumors previously analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), of which 169 were high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Integrating our proteomic measurements with the genomic data yielded a number of insights into disease, such as how different copy-number alternations influence the proteome, the proteins associated with chromosomal instability, the sets of signaling pathways that diverse genome rearrangements converge on, and the ones most associated with short overall survival. Specific protein acetylations associated with homologous recombination deficiency suggest a potential means for stratifying patients for therapy. In addition to providing a valuable resource, these findings provide a view of how the somatic genome drives the cancer proteome and associations between protein and post-translational modification levels and clinical outcomes in HGSC. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Quísticas, Mucinosas y Serosas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Proteoma , Acetilación , Inestabilidad Cromosómica , Reparación del ADN , ADN de Neoplasias , Femenino , Dosificación de Gen , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration, bright (approximately Jy) extragalactic bursts, whose production mechanism is still unclear1. Recently, two repeating FRBs were found to have a physically associated persistent radio source of non-thermal origin2,3. These two FRBs have unusually large Faraday rotation measure values2,3, probably tracing a dense magneto-ionic medium, consistent with synchrotron radiation originating from a nebula surrounding the FRB source4-8. Recent theoretical arguments predict that, if the observed Faraday rotation measure mostly arises from the persistent radio source region, there should be a simple relation between the persistent radio source luminosity and the rotation measure itself7,9. Here we report the detection of a third, less luminous persistent radio source associated with the repeating FRB source FRB 20201124A at a distance of 413 Mpc, substantially expanding the predicted relation into the low luminosity-low Faraday rotation measure regime (<1,000 rad m-2). At lower values of the Faraday rotation measure, the expected radio luminosity falls below the limit-of-detection threshold for present-day radio telescopes. These findings support the idea that the persistent radio sources observed so far are generated by a nebula in the FRB environment and that FRBs with low Faraday rotation measure may not show a persistent radio source because of a weaker magneto-ionic medium. This is generally consistent with models invoking a young magnetar as the central engine of the FRB, in which the surrounding ionized nebula-or the interacting shock in a binary system-powers the persistent radio source.
RESUMEN
In vitro models of autoimmunity are constrained by an inability to culture affected epithelium alongside the complex tissue-resident immune microenvironment. Coeliac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disease in which dietary gluten-derived peptides bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II human leukocyte antigen molecules (HLA)-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 to initiate immune-mediated duodenal mucosal injury1-4. Here, we generated air-liquid interface (ALI) duodenal organoids from intact fragments of endoscopic biopsies that preserve epithelium alongside native mesenchyme and tissue-resident immune cells as a unit without requiring reconstitution. The immune diversity of ALI organoids spanned T cells, B and plasma cells, natural killer (NK) cells and myeloid cells, with extensive T-cell and B-cell receptor repertoires. HLA-DQ2.5-restricted gluten peptides selectively instigated epithelial destruction in HLA-DQ2.5-expressing organoids derived from CeD patients, and this was antagonized by blocking MHC-II or NKG2C/D. Gluten epitopes stimulated a CeD organoid immune network response in lymphoid and myeloid subsets alongside anti-transglutaminase 2 (TG2) autoantibody production. Functional studies in CeD organoids revealed that interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a gluten-inducible pathogenic modulator that regulates CD8+ T-cell NKG2C/D expression and is necessary and sufficient for epithelial destruction. Furthermore, endogenous IL-7 was markedly upregulated in patient biopsies from active CeD compared with remission disease from gluten-free diets, predominantly in lamina propria mesenchyme. By preserving the epithelium alongside diverse immune populations, this human in vitro CeD model recapitulates gluten-dependent pathology, enables mechanistic investigation and establishes a proof of principle for the organoid modelling of autoimmunity.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Celíaca , Duodeno , Interleucina-7 , Mucosa Intestinal , Modelos Biológicos , Organoides , Humanos , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoinmunidad , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Biopsia , Enfermedad Celíaca/inmunología , Enfermedad Celíaca/patología , Enfermedad Celíaca/metabolismo , Duodeno/inmunología , Duodeno/patología , Duodeno/metabolismo , Epítopos/inmunología , Glútenes/inmunología , Glútenes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/inmunología , Antígenos HLA-DQ/inmunología , Antígenos HLA-DQ/metabolismo , Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Mieloides/inmunología , Organoides/inmunología , Organoides/metabolismo , Organoides/patología , Proteína Glutamina Gamma Glutamiltransferasa 2/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismoRESUMEN
Powerful relativistic jets are one of the ubiquitous features of accreting black holes in all scales1-3. GRS 1915 + 105 is a well-known fast-spinning black-hole X-ray binary4 with a relativistic jet, termed a 'microquasar', as indicated by its superluminal motion of radio emission5,6. It has exhibited persistent X-ray activity over the last 30 years, with quasiperiodic oscillations of approximately 1-10 Hz (refs. 7-9) and 34 and 67 Hz in the X-ray band10. These oscillations probably originate in the inner accretion disk, but other origins have been considered11. Radio observations found variable light curves with quasiperiodic flares or oscillations with periods of approximately 20-50 min (refs. 12-14). Here we report two instances of approximately 5-Hz transient periodic oscillation features from the source detected in the 1.05- to 1.45-GHz radio band that occurred in January 2021 and June 2022. Circular polarization was also observed during the oscillation phase.