An apoptosis-inducing factor controls programmed cell death and laccase expression during fungal interactions.

Apoptotic-like programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the main strategies for fungi to resist environmental stresses and maintain homeostasis. The apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) has been shown in different fungi to trigger PCD through upregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study identified a mitochondrial localized AIF homolog, CcAIF1, from Coprinopsis cinerea monokaryon Okayama 7. Heterologous overexpression of CcAIF1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused apoptotic-like PCD of the yeast cells. Ccaif1 was increased in transcription when C. cinerea interacted with Gongronella sp. w5, accompanied by typical apoptotic-like PCD in C. cinerea, including phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. Decreased mycelial ROS levels were observed in Ccaif1 silenced C. cinerea transformants during cocultivation, as well as reduction of the apoptotic levels, mycelial growth, and asexual sporulation. By comparison, Ccaif1 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Moreover, the transcription and expression levels of laccase Lcc9 decreased by Ccaif1 silencing but increased firmly in Ccaif1 overexpression C. cinerea transformants in coculture. Thus, in conjunction with our previous report that intracellular ROS act as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses, we conclude that CcAIF1 is a regulator of ROS to promote apoptotic-like PCD and laccase expression in fungal-fungal interactions. In an axenic culture of C. cinerea, CcAIF1 overexpression and H2O2 stimulation together increased laccase secretion with multiplied production yield. The expression of two other normally silent isozymes, Lcc8 and Lcc13, was unexpectedly triggered along with Lcc9. KEY POINTS: • Mitochondrial CcAIF1 induces PCD during fungal-fungal interactions • CcAIF1 is a regulator of ROS to trigger the expression of Lcc9 for defense • CcAIF1 overexpression and H2O2 stimulation dramatically increase laccase production.

Reshaping water distribution topology from the carbon emission reduction perspective: An exploratory analysis of water distribution reliability.

As urban economies continue to evolve, the water distribution networks (WDNs) are expanding in scale and becoming more interconnected, leading to increased carbon emissions from operations and maintenance. Consequently, enhancing the stability and safety of WDNs while saving energy has emerged as a primary research focus. This study abandoned the original use of high economic costs for post-maintenance of WDNs. Instead, it reshaped the traditional water distribution topology to form a dynamic, storable, energy-efficient "WDN self-help" model. Drawing inspiration from the "deep tunnel" project in drainage systems, the proposal was to leverage underground spaces to create a deep aqueduct (DA) complementing the traditional WDN, forming a three-dimensional (3D) WDN. Hydraulic and water quality analyses of varying scales of the 3D WDN model demonstrated its superior ability to equalize node pressures, reduce pipeline head losses, and maintain water quality for end-users. Reliability assessments of the 3D WDN revealed enhanced system robustness for medium-to large-scale distributions, while energy consumption analyses indicated a significant increase in water supply energy utilization and significant long-term reductions in carbon footprint. A practical case study was presented to validate the effectiveness of the 3D WDN concept, confirming its ability to reliably distribute water even in the event of a failure. Finally, an estimate of the retrofit cost and the static payback period of the 3D WDN was conducted. This study aims to provide a theoretical reference for the renovation of water supply projects or the optimal design of new WDNs in the context of carbon neutrality.

Superhydrophobic Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foam Fabricated by Phase Separation and Silica Coating for Oil-Water Separation.

Oil spills and the presence of oily wastewater have resulted in substantial ecological damage. Superhydrophobic polymer foam with selectivity and adsorption capacity is a promising candidate for efficient oil-water separation. In this study, a method that combines phase separation and silica coating to produce superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam is proposed. The TPU foam demonstrates superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 155.62°, and exhibits a maximum saturated adsorption capacity of 54.11 g g-1 . Furthermore, the foam can be utilized as a filter for oil-water separation, maintaining its filtration efficiency (41.2 m3  m2  h-1 ) even after ten filtration cycles.

Copper-based Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxides activated hydrogen peroxide for coal pyrolysis wastewater (CPW) degradation: Performance and mechanism.

Coal pyrolysis wastewater (CPW) contained all kinds of toxic and harmful components, which would seriously threaten the natural environment and human health. However, the traditional advanced oxidation processes frequently failed to remove phenolic substances. An A2BO4-type perovskite (La2CuO4) was successfully synthesized through sol-gel process and first applied in the treatment of CPW. More than 90% of 3, 5-dimethylphenol (DMP) was removed within 200 min at neutral conditions. Moreover, La2CuO4 also displayed excellent catalytic activity and stability in the actual CPW treatment process. Results demonstrated that DMP was removed through the attack of ∙OH, ∙O2- and 1O2 in La2CuO4/H2O2 system. The La2CuO4 were more favorable for H2O2 activation and have a lower adsorption energy than LaFeO3. XPS of fresh and spent La2CuO4 illustrated that the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was mainly due to the redox cycle between surface copper and oxygen species. Moreover, the possible degradation pathway of DMP was deduced by identifying degradation products and analyzing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This research provided a novel strategy for the development of perovskite-based catalytic materials on the treatment of practical CPW.

Enhancing doctor-patient relationships in community health care institutions: the Patient Oriented Four Habits Model (POFHM) trial-a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: The poor relationship between doctors and patients is a long-standing, global problem. However, current interventions tend to focus on the training of physicians, while patient-targeted interventions still need to be improved. Considering that patients play a significant role in outpatient consultations, we developed a protocol to assess the effectiveness of the Patient Oriented Four Habits Model (POFHM) in improving doctor-patient relationships. METHODS: A cross-sectional incomplete stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design will be conducted in 8 primary healthcare institutions (PHCs). Following phase I of "usual care" as control measures for each PHC, either a patient- or doctor-only intervention will be implemented in phase II. In phase III, both patients and doctors will be involved in the intervention. This study will be conducted simultaneously in Nanling County and West Lake District. The primary outcomes will be evaluated after patients complete their visit: (1) patient literacy, (2) sense of control and (3) quality of doctor-patient communication. Finally, a mixed-effects model and subgroup analysis will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. DISCUSSION: Fostering good consultation habits for the patient is a potentially effective strategy to improve the quality of doctor-patient communication. This study evaluates the implementation process and develops a rigorous quality control manual using a theoretical domain framework under the collective culture of China. The results of this trial will provide substantial evidence of the effectiveness of patient-oriented interventions. The POFHM can benefit the PHCs and provide a reference for countries and regions where medical resources are scarce and collectivist cultures dominate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: AsPredicted #107,282 on Sep 18, 2022; https://aspredicted.org/QST_MHW.

Fe3O4-CuO@Lignite activated coke activated persulfate advanced treatment of phenolic wastewater from coal chemical industry.

In this study, lignite activated coke (LAC) was used as the carrier for the first time, Fe3O4-CuO composite metal oxide was used as the main active material, and the nano-scale magnetic supported composite metal oxide Fe3O4-CuO@LAC catalyst was synthesized for the first time, which can effectively activate the active oxygen in peroxodisulfate (PS). XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, XPS and other analysis results showed that there was particulate matter with spherical structure on the surface of the active coke, and its diffraction peaks matched well with the characteristic peaks of Fe3O4 and CuO, and it was a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 619.090 m2 g-1. By optimizing the experimental conditions, the results showed that more than 92% of hydroquinone can be removed under the conditions of hydroquinone concentration of 50 mg/L, pH = 5, adding 0.1 g/L catalyst and 3 mmol/L PS. EPR and quenching experiments proved that there were four reactive oxygen species in the reaction system ·OH, SO4-·, O2-· and 1O2. According to the degradation products of hydroquinone detected by LC-MS, the possible degradation path was deduced which laid a foundation for solving the problem of difficult treatment of phenol-containing wastewater in coal chemical industry.

Effect of low-temperature vacuum heating on physicochemical properties of sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) fillets.

BACKGROUND: Sturgeon is popular for its nutritious value and its taste. However, sturgeon fillets are traditionally heated in 100 °C boiling water, resulting in unfavorable taste and with a negative effect on the quality. This study considered the effect of combinations of vacuum and low-temperature treatments (LTVH groups) on sturgeon fillets compared with the traditional heat treatment (TC groups). RESULTS: The results show that the LTVH groups had lower cooking-loss rates. All LTVH fillets were changed to a white color, and appeared 'done', as did the TC fillets. The LTVH and TC methods gave rise to significant differences in texture: the springiness of the LTVH groups decreased with heating time, and decreased rapidly in the TC groups (P < 0.05); hardness and chewiness increased with time and temperature in the LTVH groups, but decreased in the TC groups. More compact and denser gaps were observed in LTVH70 groups and TC groups. Less protein and lipid oxidation was evident in LTVH groups, including more myofibril protein solubility; there was less protein aggregation, fewer thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and Schiff base. CONCLUSION: Vacuum and low-temperature treated sturgeon fillets can be served as a good alternative. This treatment caused slight tissue damage and less proteolysis and lipid oxidation, which is beneficial for the quality of aquatic products.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Fluorescence Dual-Mode Nanosensors for Quantitative Detection of Cytochrome c in Living Cells.

During apoptosis process, the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) is considered to be a key factor in the intrinsic pathway and is often defined as no regression point. Quantitative detection of intracellular Cyt c remains a challenge. Herein, we have developed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-fluorescence dual-mode nanosensors for the quantitative assay of Cyt c in living cells. Dual signal detection was achieved by constructing gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) nanosensors capable of specifically recognizing Cyt c. The nanosensors were prepared by modifying the aptamer of Cyt c on AuNTs and connecting the complementary strands modified with Cy5. The AuNTs provided both enhanced SERS signals and fluorescence quenching effects. Once cells were induced by external stimulus (such as toxins) to release Cyt c, Cyt c would specifically bind to its aptamer, and the complementary strands modified with Cy5 would detach which would result in weakened SERS signal and recovery of fluorescence signal. The experimental results showed that the nanosensors not only had excellent selectivity and sensitivity but also realized real-time monitoring of Cyt c translocation event from mitochondria to cytoplasm. The SERS and fluorescence intensity showed good linear relationship with Cyt c concentration ranging from 0.044 to 9.95 µM and achieved a minimum limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 µM in living cells. The accuracy of intracellular Cyt c quantitative results was more than 90% compared with the ELISA results.

Scalp acupuncture plus low-frequency rTMS promotes repair of brain white matter tracts in stroke patients: A DTI study.

To study the clinical effects of scalp acupuncture plus low frequency rTMS in hemiplegic stroke patients. A total of 28 hemiplegic stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (scalp acupuncture low frequency rTMS routine rehabilitation treatment) or the control group (scalp acupuncture routine rehabilitation treatment). All patients received a diffusion tensor imaging examination on the day of admission and on the fourteenth day. Compared with pre-treatment, the upper limb motor function score and ability of daily life score increased significantly in the two groups, and motor function improvement was much greater in the experimental group. Fractional anisotropy values significantly increased in white matter tracts, such as the corticospinal tract, forceps minor, superior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus in the two groups. Compared with pretreatment, the fractional anisotropy values increased and mean diffusion values decreased synchronously in the forceps minor, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus and left uncinate fasciculus in the experimental group. Before and after treatment, there were no significant differences in the changes of fractional anisotropy values between the two groups, but the changes of the mean diffusion values in the experimental group were much greater than those in the control group in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the left uncinate fasciculus (p<0.05). Moreover, the increased fractional anisotropy values in the forceps minor in the experimental group were significantly positively correlated with the increased Fugl-Meyer assessment score. Our study concluded that based on routine rehabilitation treatment, scalp acupuncture plus low frequency rTMS can promote white matter tracts repair better than scalp acupuncture alone; the motor function improvement of the hemiplegic upper limb may be closely related to the rehabilitation of the forceps minor; the combination of scalp acupuncture and low frequency rTMS is expected to provide a more optimal rehabilitation protocol for stroke hemiplegic patients.

Relationship between functional connectivity and motor function assessment in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a resting-state functional MRI study.

INTRODUCTION: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to examine the brain mechanisms of stroke patients with hemiplegia, but the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) and treatment-induced motor function recovery has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to identify the brain FC changes in stroke patients and study the relationship between FC and motor function assessment using the resting-state fMRI. METHODS: Seventeen stroke patients with hemiplegia and fifteen healthy control subjects (HCSs) were recruited in this study. We compared the FC between the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) and the whole brain of the patients with the FC of the HCSs and studied the FC changes in the patients before and after conventional rehabilitation and motor imagery therapy. Additionally, correlations between the FC change and motor function of the patients were studied. RESULTS: Compared to the HCSs, the FC in the patient group was significantly increased between the ipsilesional M1 and the ipsilesional inferior parietal cortex, frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), and contralesional angular and decreased between the ipsilesional M1 and bilateral M1. After the treatment, the FC between the ipsilesional M1 and contralesional M1 increased while the FC between the ipsilesional M1 and ipsilesional SMA and paracentral lobule decreased. A statistically significant correlation was found between the FC change in the bilateral M1 and the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score change. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed an abnormal motor network after stroke and suggested that the FC could serve as a biomarker of motor function recovery in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Age-specific activation of cerebral areas in motor imagery--a fMRI study.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to study the age-specific activation patterns of cerebral areas during motor execution (ME) and motor imaging (MI) of the upper extremities and to discuss the age-related neural mechanisms associated with ME or MI. METHODS: The functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to monitor the pattern and intensity of brain activation during the ME and MI of the upper extremities in 20 elderly (>50 years) and 19 young healthy subjects (<25 years). RESULTS: No major differences were identified regarding the activated brain areas during ME or MI between the two groups; however, a minor difference was noted. The intensity of the activated brain area during ME was stronger in the older group than in the younger group, while the results with MI were the opposite. The posterior central gyrus and supplementary motor area during MI were more active in the younger group than in the older group. The putamen, lingual, and so on demonstrated stronger activation during dominant hand MI in the older group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that the brain structure was altered and that neuronal activity was attenuated with age, and the cerebral cortex and subcortical tissues were found to be over-activated to achieve the same level of ME and MI, indicating that the activating effects of the left hemisphere enhanced with age, whereas the inhibitory effects declined during ME, and activation of the right hemisphere became more difficult during MI.

The resistance change and stress response mechanisms of chlorine-resistant bacteria under microplastic stress in drinking water distribution system.

The presence of both chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) and microplastics (MPs) in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) poses a threat to water quality and human health. However, the risk of CRB bio evolution under the stress of MPs remains unclear. In this study, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were selected to study the adsorption and desorption behavior of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and it was clear that MPs had the risk of carrying pollutants into DWDS and releasing them. The results of the antibiotic susceptibility test and disinfection experiment confirmed that MPs could enhance the resistance of CRB to antibiotics and disinfectants. Bacteria epigenetic resistance mechanisms were approached from multiple perspectives, including physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as molecular regulatory networks. When MPs enter DWDS, CRB could attach to the surface of MPs and directly interact with both MPs and the antibiotics they release. This attachment process promoted changes in the composition and content of extracellular polymers (EPS) within cells, enhanced surface hydrophobicity, stimulated oxidative stress function, and notably elevated the relative abundance of certain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study elucidates the mechanism by which MPs alter the intrinsic properties of CRB, providing valuable insights into the effective avoidance of biological risks to water quality during CRB evolution.

Systematic evaluation of single-cell RNA-seq analyses performance based on long-read sequencing platforms.

INTRODUCTION: The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for detecting and quantifying gene expression in a high-throughput manner, providing a powerful tool for comprehensively understanding cellular function in various biological processes. However, the NGS-based scRNA-seq only quantifies gene expression and cannot reveal the exact transcript structures (isoforms) of each gene due to the limited read length. On the other hand, the long read length of third-generation sequencing (TGS) technologies, including Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), enable direct reading of intact cDNA molecules. OBJECTIVES: Both ONT and PacBio have been used in conjunction with scRNA-seq, but their performance in single-cell analyses has not been systematically evaluated. METHODS: To address this, we generated ONT and PacBio data from the same single-cell cDNA libraries containing different amount of cells. RESULTS: Using NGS as a control, we assessed the performance of each platform in cell type identification. Additionally, the reliability in identifying novel isoforms and allele-specific gene/isoform expression by both platforms was verified, providing a systematic evaluation to design the sequencing strategies in single-cell transcriptome studies. CONCLUSION: Beyond gene expression analysis, which the NGS-based scRNA-seq only affords, TGS-based scRNA-seq achieved gene splicing analyses, identifying novel isoforms. Attribute to higher sequencing quality of PacBio, it outperforms ONT in accuracy of novel transcripts identification and allele-specific gene/isoform expression.

The Injury Progression in Acute Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Reflected by Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Immunohistochemical Examination.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging tool for detecting blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (bmTBI). However, lack of refined acute-phase monitoring and reliable imaging biomarkers hindered its clinical application in early diagnosis of bmTBI, leading to potential long-term disability of patients. In this study, we used DTI in a rat model of bmTBI generated by exposing to single lateral blast waves (151.16 and 349.75 kPa, lasting 47.48 ms) released in a confined bioshock tube, to investigate whole-brain DTI changes at 1, 3, and 7 days after injury. Combined assessment of immunohistochemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and behavioral readouts allowed for linking DTI changes to synchronous cellular damages and identifying stable imaging biomarkers. The corpus callosum (CC) and brainstem were identified as predominantly affected regions, in which reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) was detected as early as the first day after injury, with a maximum decline occurring at 3 days post-injury before returning to near normal levels by 7 days. Axial diffusivity (AD) values within the CC and brainstem also significantly reduced at 3 days post-injury. In contrast, the radial diffusivity (RD) in the CC showed acute elevation, peaking at 3 days after injury before normalizing by the 7-day time point. Damages to nerve fibers, including demyelination and axonal degeneration, progressed in lines with changes in DTI parameters, supporting a real-time macroscopic reflection of microscopic neuronal fiber injury by DTI. The most sensitive biomarker was identified as a decrease in FA, AD, and an increase in RD within the CC on the third day after injury, supporting the diagnostic utility of DTI in cases of bmTBI in the acute phase.

Microbiota modulate lung squamous cell carcinoma lymph node metastasis through microbiota-geneset correlation network.

Background: The tumor-resident microbiota in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has been reported to be associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. And the gut microbiome can modulate the efficacy of immunotherapies. However, it remains to be understood whether the tumor-resident microbiome promotes lymph node (LN) metastasis, which is important for clinical decision-making and prediction of a patient's prognosis. To investigate the potential role of tumor-resident microbiota in LN metastasis, we worked on the microbiota-geneset interaction profiles to characterize the molecular pathogenesis. Methods: RNA sequencing data and their matched clinical and genomic information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The matched microorganism quantification data were accessed via the cBioPortal database. The mutational signature analysis, transcriptome analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, and microbiota-geneset network analysis were performed. Results: In this paper, we identified the tumor microbiota composition and microbial biomarkers in patients with and without LN metastases. In addition, significantly upregulated gene sets characterize the transcript profiles of patients with LN metastases, for example, Myc Targets, E2F Targets, G2M Checkpoint, Mitotic Spindle, DNA Repair, and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Finally, we found that Proteus and Bacteroides were strongly correlated with gene sets related to tumor development and energy metabolism in the networks of patients with LN metastases. Conclusions: We found the associations between intratumor microbiota and transcripts. Our results shed light on the correlation network of Proteus and Bacteroides, which may serve as a novel strategy for modulating LN metastasis.

Accelerated electron transfer process via MOF-derived FeCo/C for enhanced degradation of antibiotic contaminants towards heterogeneous electro-Fenton system.

The Fe(III) to Fe(II) process limits the rate of the electro-Fenton system. In this study, MIL-101(Fe) derived porous carbon skeleton-coated FeCo bimetallic catalyst Fe4/Co@PC-700 was prepared as a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) catalytic process. The experimental results showed its good performance in catalytic removal of antibiotic contaminants, the rate constant of tetracycline (TC) degradation catalyzed by Fe4/Co@PC-700 was 8.93 times higher than that of Fe@PC-700 under the pH conditions of raw water (pH = 5.86), exhibited good removal of TC, oxytetracycline (OTC), hygromycin (CTC), chloramphenicol (CAP) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). It was shown that the introduction of Co promoted more Fe0 production, allowing the material to exhibit faster Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling rates. 1O2 and high-priced metal oxygen species were identified as the main active species of the system, in addition to the analysis of possible degradation pathways and toxicity of intermediates of TC. Finally, the stability and adaptability of Fe4/Co@PC-700 and EF systems to different water matrices were evaluated, showing that Fe4/Co@PC-700 was easy to recover and could be applied to different water matrices. This study provides a reference for the design and system application of heterogeneous EF catalysts.

Biofilm on the pipeline wall is an important transmission route of resistome in drinking water distribution system.

Due to the intensive use of antibiotics, the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) has become one of the hotspots of antibiotic resistance. However, little is known about the role of biofilm in the aspect of spreading resistance in DWDS. In present study, four lab-scale biological annular reactors (BAR) were constructed to investigate the transmission of ARGs exposed to a certain amount of antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole) synergistic disinfectants. It was emphasized that pipe wall biofilm was an important way for ARGs to propagate in the pipeline, and the results were quantified by constructing an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) network map. The network analysis results showed the biofilm contribution to waterborne bacteria was finally estimated to be 51.45% and 34.27% in polyethylen (PE) pipe and ductile iron (DI) pipe, respectively. The proportion of vertical gene transfer (VGT) in biofilm was higher than that in water, and the occurrence of this situation had little relationship with the selection of pipe type. Overall, this study revealed how biofilm promoted the transmission of resistome in bulk water, which can provide insights into assessing biofilm-associated risks and optimizing pipe material selection for biofilm control in DWDS.

Progressive alteration of dynamic functional connectivity patterns in subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment patients.

Alterations in the temporal evolution of brain states in the process of cognitive impairment aggravation due to subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is not understood. The dynamic functional connectivity was investigated to identify the abnormal temporal properties of brain states associated with cognitive impairment caused by SIVD. Eighteen patients with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (SIVCIND), 19 dementia patients (SIVaD) and 26 normal controls were enrolled. We found that the occupancy rate and mean lifetime of brain states were associated with cognitive performance. SIVCIND had a higher occupancy rate and longer mean lifetime in weakly connected states than normal controls. SIVaD had similar but more extensive changes in the temporal properties of brain states. In addition, switching from weakly connected states to more strongly connected states was more difficult in SIVCIND and SIVaD patients than in normal controls, especially in SIVaD patients. The results revealed that not only the transition to but also maintenance in strongly connected states became increasingly difficult when SIVD-related cognitive impairment progressed into a more severe stage.

Cu-based perovskite as a novel CWPO catalyst for petroleum refining wastewater treatment: Performance, toxicity and mechanism.

For the first time, Cu-based perovskite oxides were used as catalysts to treat highly toxic and refractory petroleum refining wastewater based on catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) technology. Perovskite La2CuO4 was synthesized by sol-gel method. A series of characterizations showed that the synthesized catalyst particles are tetragonal phase perovskite structure. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of catalyst dosage of 0.75 g, temperature of 100 â„ƒ and reaction time of 30 min, the COD removal rate was 89.58 %, the TOC removal rate was 87.38 %. The morphology and structure of the catalyst before and after the reaction proved that the catalyst has strong stability and catalytic activity. The components of raw water, Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) effluent and CWPO effluent were compared and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the possible mechanism and path of WAO and CWPO degradation of petroleum refining wastewater were further explored. The changes of Cu components in La2CuO4 before and after CWPO reaction and the transformation of lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The involvement of Cu (Ⅱ) /Cu (Ⅰ) in the activation of H2O2 was speculated. Finally, the biotoxicity of raw water, WAO effluent and CWPO effluent was predicted. The results provide reference value for the application of catalyst La2CuO4 in various petrochemical wastewater.

Deciphering the distribution and microbial secretors of extracellular polymeric substances associated antibiotic resistance genes in tube wall biofilm.

Antibiotics and disinfectants have both been proposed to exert selective pressures on the biofilm as well as affecting the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the transfer mechanism of ARGs in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) under the coupling effect of antibiotics and disinfectants has not been completely understood. In the current study, four lab-scale biological annular reactors (BARs) were constructed to evaluate the effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and NaClO coupling in DWDS and reveal the related mechanisms of ARGs proliferation. TetM was abundant in both the liquid phase and the biofilm, and redundancy analysis showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) and temperature were significantly correlated with ARGs in the water phase. There was a significant correlation between the relative abundance of ARGs in the biofilm phase and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Additionally, the proliferation and spread of ARGs in water phase were related to microbial community structure. Partial least-squares path modeling showed that antibiotic concentration may influence ARGs by affecting MGEs. These findings help us to better understand the diffusion process of ARGs in drinking water and provide a theoretical support for technologies to control ARGs at the front of pipeline.