Evaluation of the Effectiveness of In-Hospital Exercise Rehabilitation in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Sarcopenia Effect of Lifestyle Management on Disease Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of in-hospital exercise rehabilitation on glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with sarcopenia, and to provide a reference for the effective implementation of exercise rehabilitation for middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia in healthcare institutions. METHODS: This study retrospectively included 122 patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia treated at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from August 2017 to August 2020 and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the experimental group was given exercise rehabilitation in the hospital for 12 weeks to compare the indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy fitness in the two groups. RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and body fat percentage (p < 0.05), while high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), grip strength, lower limb extension, lower limb flexion, peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and were more significant at 12 weeks compared to the 6-week intervention (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in any of the glucose metabolism indicators in the control group before and after the intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that at control baseline levels, HbA1c decreased significantly in the experimental group after both 6 and 12 weeks of intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength. After 12 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed an increase in glycemic control from 33.3% to 73.3%, a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength, lower limb extension and lower limb flexion strength and peak oxygen uptake. CONCLUSION: In-hospital exercise rehabilitation can effectively improve the glycemic and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia and enhance their health fitness, with good clinical rehabilitation effects.

Palladium/Lewis Acid Co-catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of (2-Aminoaryl)(aryl)methanols: An Access to 3-Aryl-indolin-2-ones.

A benign approach to valuable 3-aryl-indolin-2-ones was developed based on palladium(II)/Lewis acid-cocatalyzed cyclocarbonylation of readily available (2-aminoaryl)(aryl)methanols. The protocol features producing water as the only byproduct, mild reaction conditions, and good efficiency, constituting an array of 3-arylindolin-2-ones in yields of 35 to 90%. The reaction can be easily scaled up to the gram scale in good yields.

Facile Polymerization Strategy for the Construction of Eu3+-Based Fluorescent Materials with the Capability of Distinguishing D2O from H2O.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and antenna effect (AE) are two important luminescence behaviors. Connecting them into polymers is a promising but challenging work, which can supply opportunities for luminescence materials with extensive applications. In this work, AIE-active Eu3+-coordinated polymers (Poly-Eu-1, -2, -3, and -4) have been synthesized, and the efficient AE was verified. This finding presents a facile approach to obtain the Ln3+-based solid luminescence materials due to the synergistic effect from AIE and AE. Also, benefiting from the film-processing ability and water solubility, Poly-Eu-1, -2, -3, and -4 could be employed with different application purposes. In the solution phase, they can be used as sensitive optical probes to detect trace amounts of H2O and D2O, and the limit of detection (LOD) of Poly-Eu-2 toward D2O in H2O is determined to be 7.8 ppm. This discovery is a novel strategy for the construction of D2O optical sensors with a totally intervention-free style.

Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Isothiocyanates.

An efficient route for formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates with isothiocyanates was developed for the synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives. The zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediates formed in situ by decarboxylation of VECs acted as the three-membered synthons. In this transformation, the C-N bond formation was selectively realized over the C-S bond formation.

Palladium(II)/Lewis Acid Cocatalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 2-Alkenylanilines and Propargylic Esters: An Access to Benzo[b]azepines.

An attractive approach to valuable yet synthetically challenging benzo[b]azepines was established via palladium(II)/Lewis acid cocatalyzed oxidative [5 + 2] annulation of readily available 2-alkenylanilines and propargylic esters. The protocol features mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance, constituting an array of benzo[b]azepines in yields of 30-75%.

Downregulation of LncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Using microarray analysis, we previously showed that many lncRNAs are differentially expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared with normal tissues, suggesting that lncRNAs may be involved the initiation and progression of CRC. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of lncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 in human CRC tissues and cell lines. METHODS: LncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 expression level was analyzed in 52 colon cancer and cell lines. We used shRNA to knock-down the expression of RP11-317J10.2, and then proliferation assay, colony formation assay, Boyden chamber assay, FACS and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to explore the biological effect of RP11-317J10.2. Cyclin D1 protein level was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: LncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 is downregulated in CRC and decreased expression is significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size and poor prognosis. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of lncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 in CRC cells promotes G1-to-S cell cycle transition, enhances invasiveness and facilitates cell growth in vitro and in mouse tumor xenograft models. Cyclin D1 was upregulated by lncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 knockdown, and co-expression of cyclin D1-targeting siRNA abrogates the pro-tumorigenic effects of lncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a crucial role for lncRNA-RP11-317J10.2 in CRC growth and invasion via upregulation of cyclin D1 expression and suggests that expression of this lncRNA may be a potential prognostic biomarker for CRC.

Determination of trace polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water samples through large-volume stir bar sorptive extraction method with thermal desorption gas chromatography.

A fast and sensitive analytical method based on stir bar sorptive extraction technology with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed to simultaneously analyze 18 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls and 20 kinds of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. A long adsorption time and small sample volume, which are problems encountered in conventional methods of stir bar sorptive extraction, were effectively solved by simultaneously using multiple stir bars for enrichment with sequential cryofocusing and merged injection. Optimized results showed good linear coefficients in the range of 10-500 ng/L and the method detection limits of 0.12-2.07 ng/L for polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. The recovery ratios of the spiked samples at different concentrations were between 64.7 and 111.0%, and their relative standard deviations ranged from 0.9 to 17.6%. Four types of the studied compounds were determined in Qiantang River water samples, and their contents were between 0.82 and 5.00 ng/L.

A Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Nucleic Acid Isolation and Purification Instrument for DNA Extraction of Escherichia Coli O157: H7.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a nucleic acid isolation and purification instrument using Escherichia coli O157:H7 as the model. The instrument was developed with magnetic nanoparticles for efficiently capturing nucleic acids and an intelligent mechanical unit for automatically performing the whole nucleic acid extraction process. A commercial DNA extraction kit from Huier Nano Company was used as reference. Nucleic acids in 1 ml of E. coli O157: H7 at a concentration of 5 x 10(8) CFU/mL were extracted by using this instrument and the kit in parallel and then detected by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain A260 values and A260/A280 values for the determination of the extracted DNA's quantity and purity, respectively. The A260 values for the instrument and the kit were 0.78 and 0.61, respectively, and the A260/A280 values were 1.98 and 1.93. The coefficient of variations of these parallel tests ranged from 10.5% to 16.7%. The results indicated that this nucleic acid isolation and purification instrument could extract a comparable level of nucleic acid within 50 min compared to the commercial DNA extraction kit.

Effect of CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3, POR*28, and ABCB1 C3435T on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in healthy Chinese volunteers.

OBJECTIVE: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, significant individual variances in the disposition of nifedipine have been reported, and genetic factors are considered to play an important role. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3, ABCB1-C3435T, and POR*28 genetic polymorphisms on nifedipine pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS: 45 healthy Chinese volunteers enrolled in this study received a single oral dose of 90 mg nifedipine after providing written informed consent. Volunteers were genotyped for CYP3A4*1G, CYP3A5*3, POR*28, and ABCB1-C3435T. The blood concentrations of nifedipine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were significant differences of AUC00-∞ and AUC0-48h in the different CYP3A5*3 genotype groups (p = 0.043 and p = 0.048, respectively). The CYP3A5*3 GG group and POR*28 CT/TT group were found to have lower AUC00-∞ and Cmax compared with the POR*28 CC group (p = 0.046 and p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the POR*28 CT/TT group was found to have longer t1/2 but lower Cmax than the CYP3A4*1G GG group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.002, respectively) as well as the CYP3A4*1G GG and the CYP3A5*3 GG group (p = 0.038 and p = 0.036, respectively) compared with the POR*28 CC group. No significant associations were found between CYP3A4*1G/ABCB1-C3435T polymorphism and pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. CONCLUSION: Both CYP3A5*3 and POR*28 polymorphisms are found to be associated with the difference in disposition of nifedipine; POR*28 is considered to have an impact on CYP3A4 activity.

Chinese herbal medicines for benign thyroid nodules in adults.

BACKGROUND: A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that might be palpable and is ultrasonographically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Thyroid nodules are more common as age increases and occur more frequently in women. Benign thyroid nodules often cause pressure symptoms and cosmetic complaints. In China and many other countries, doctors use Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) to treat thyroid nodules. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules in adults. SEARCH METHODS: Review authors searched the following electronic databases: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP information (a Chinese database), WANFANG Data (a Chinese database), the Chinese Conference Papers Database and the Chinese Dissertation Database (all searched up to April 2013). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing CHM or CHM plus levothyroxine versus levothyroxine, placebo or no treatment in adults with benign thyroid nodules. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed studies for risk of bias and evaluated overall study quality according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation), with differences resolved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: We included one randomised trial involving 152 participants with a randomisation ratio of 2:1 (CHM vs no treatment). The trial applied adequate sequence generation; however, allocation concealment was unclear. Duration of treatment was three months, and follow-up six months. Our a priori defined outcomes of interest (i.e. nodule volume reduction ≥ 50%; pressure symptoms, cosmetic complaints or both; health-related quality of life; all-cause mortality; cancer occurrence; changes in number and size of thyroid nodules; changes in thyroid volume; and socioeconomic effects) were not investigated in the included study. Thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) serum levels were normal in both groups before and after the trial was conducted. No adverse events were reported (low quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Firm evidence cannot be found to support or refute the use of Chinese herbal medicines for benign thyroid nodules in adults.

Pharmacokinetics of simvastatin lactone and its active metabolite simvastatin hydroxy acid in healthy Chinese male and female volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Gender differences in pharmacokinetics have been reported to have important clinical consequences; however, no information about differences in the pharmacokinetics of the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin lactone and its metabolite, simvastatin hydroxy acid, in males and females is available. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin lactone and simvastatin hydroxy acid in healthy Han Chinese volunteers. METHODS: 16 healthy volunteers (8 males and 8 females) were orally administered a single dose of 40 mg simvastatin lactone after an overnight fast. Plasma was then collected 24 hours after simvastatin lactone administration. Concentrations of simvastatin lactone and simvastatin hydroxy acid were measured by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). RESULTS: There were no significant associations between the pharmacokinetic parameters of simvastatin lactone and gender. For simvastatin hydroxy acid, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and dose-normalized by the subject weight Cmax (NCmax) were higher in females than in males. Furthermore, NCmax and dose-normalized by the subject weight AUC (NAUC0-24h, NAUC0-∞) ratios of simvastatin hydroxy acid to simvastatin lactone in females were higher than in males. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that gender affects the plasma concentrations of active simvastatin hydroxy acid, but has no significant effect on parent simvastatin lactone. Raised plasma concentrations of simvastatin hydroxy acid in females may enhance the risk of systemic adverse effects during simvastatin lactone treatment.

Early warning of atrial fibrillation using deep learning.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent cardiac rhythm disorder, significantly increases hospitalization and health risks. Reverting from AF to sinus rhythm (SR) often requires intensive interventions. This study presents a deep-learning model capable of predicting the transition from SR to AF on average 30.8 min before the onset appears, with an accuracy of 83% and an F1 score of 85% on the test data. This performance was obtained from R-to-R interval signals, which can be accessible from wearable technology. Our model, entitled Warning of Atrial Fibrillation (WARN), consists of a deep convolutional neural network trained and validated on 24-h Holter electrocardiogram data from 280 patients, with 70 additional patients used for testing and further evaluation on 33 patients from two external centers. The low computational cost of WARN makes it ideal for integration into wearable technology, allowing for continuous heart monitoring and early AF detection, which can potentially reduce emergency interventions and improve patient outcomes.

Urine flow acceleration is superior to Qmax in diagnosing BOO in patients with BPH.

We performed a retrospective, case-control study to evaluate whether the urine flow acceleration (UFA, mL/s(2)) is superior to maximum uroflow (Qmax, mL/s) in diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, a total of 50 men with BPH (age: 58±12.5 years) and 50 controls (age: 59±13.0 years) were included. A pressure-flow study was used to determine the presence of BOO according to the recommendations of Incontinence Control Society (ICS). The results showed that the UFA and Qmax in BPH group were much lower than those in the control group [(2.05±0.85) vs. (4.60±1.25) mL/s(2) and (8.50±1.05) vs. (13.00±3.35) mL/s] (P<0.001). According to the criteria (UFA<2.05 mL/s(2), Qmax<10 mL/s), the sensitivity and specificity of UFA vs. Qmax in diagnosing BOO were 88%, 75% vs. 81%, 63%. UFA vs. Omax, when compared with the results of P-Q chart (the kappa values in corresponding analysis), was 0.55 vs. 0.35. The prostate volume, post void residual and detrusor pressure at Qmax between the two groups were 28.6±9.8 vs. 24.2±7.6 mL, 60.4±1.4 vs. 21.3±2.5 mL and 56.6±8.3 vs. 21.7±6.1 cmH2O, respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that the UFA is a useful urodynamic parameter, and is superior to Qmax in diagnosing BOO in patients with BPH.

Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Boroprotonation of Phosphinylallenes.

Synthesis of chiral phosphorus compounds from readily available substrates by a facile method is an attractive strategy. In this study, an efficient route for copper-catalyzed asymmetric boroprotonation of phosphinylallenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron with high regioselectivity was developed, affording chiral allylphosphine oxides in high yields with high enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. The synthetic utility was further demonstrated by the facile transformation of the chiral allylphosphine oxides to several stereospecific products.

Simple Way to Fabricate Emissive Boron-Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Highly fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are rarely obtained because of the π-π stacked layers with aggregation-caused quenching behavior. Unarguably, highly fluorescent COFs with tunable emission colors are even more rarely achieved. Herein, a general strategy to modify the classical COF material (named COF-1) by different fluorescent molecules via N → B interaction was developed. In this method, the boron-containing COF-1 acted as a porous and crystalline matrix as well as a reaction partner of Lewis acid; after interacting with fluorescent molecules with the anchoring group of pyridine (Lewis base), COF-1 takes a gorgeous transfiguration from a non-emissive powder into a highly fluorescent COF material with tunable emission colors. This disclosed method endowed the typical COFs with new emissive life and is speculated with the general research concept for all boron-containing COFs. Benefiting from the prominent fluorescent emission in the aggregation state, sensitive probes toward amines are achieved.

Pilot and pivotal study to evaluate the bioequivalence of two paroxetine 40 mg tablet formulations in healthy Chinese subjects.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot study in order to obtain reliable results for further planning of a well-designed pivotal trial comparing the bioequivalence (BE) of two paroxetine tablet formulations in healthy Chinese subjects. Before conducting the pivotal trial, the pilot trial enrolled 14 subjects to help in study design, establishing the recruitment period, determining pharmacokinetics (PK) time points and sample size, and assessing BE of the two formulations. The single-center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, two period crossover study with a 7-day washout interval was conducted after obtaining information from the fasted pilot trial in 72 healthy volunteers for a pivotal study under fed and fasted conditions, respectively. There were 19 PK sample collection time points employed in both the pilot and pivotal trials. A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) method was developed and validated for determining paroxetine in human plasma. BE between two articles was determined by calculating 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratio of Cmax 91.38 - 110.39% for the pilot trial, 99.81 - 114.08% for pivotal trial under fasted condition, and 94.06 - 110.41% for pivotal trial under fed condition, AUC(0-t) 96.06 - 110.52% for pilot study, 100.88 - 113.05% for the pivotal trial under fasted condition, and 97.08 - 106.06% for pivotal study under fed condition, and AUC(0-∞) 96.17 - 110.42% for the pilot study, 100.85 - 112.81% for the pivotal trial under fasted condition and 97.22 - 106.14% for the pivotal study under fed condition, respectively. These values for the test and reference products are within the 80 - 125% interval proposed by FDA and EMEA. It was concluded that the proposed method was successfully applied to a PK study in healthy Chinese volunteers, and results showed from both the pilot and pivotal studies that the two paroxetine formulations are bioequivalent in their rates and extent of absorption.

Distinct impacts of vapor transport from the tropical oceans on the regional glacier retreat over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

An influence of precipitation on the glacier changes over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is investigated in this paper. The results show that the glacial loss rates of glaciers in the QTP are significantly correlated with the interannual changes of precipitation and low cloud cover. The water vapor, importing with the warm and wet airflows from the Asian Monsoon regions, significantly influence the precipitation in the southern and northern glacier areas of the QTP in the summer monsoon season. The three-dimensional changes of water vapor transport can lead to the difference of water balance between different glacier areas. Under global warming, the northwest QTP is in the ascending branch of the vertical water driven thermally by the tropical Indian Ocean. The warm water vapor from the tropical ocean climbs to the QTP, forming a significant supply effect of precipitation in the northwestern glacier area, which makes the glacier retreat at a relatively slow rate. Meanwhile, the southern and southeastern QTP regions are in the descending branch of vapor transport with the declining trend in the lower troposphere, which lead to the shortage water supply aggravating the glacier loss in the southern and southeastern QTP.

The molecular mechanism of baicalein repressing progression of gastric cancer mediating miR-7/FAK/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Baicalein (BAI) has a significant anti-cancerous function in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key regulatory molecule in integrin and growth factor receptor mediated signaling. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7), has been considered as a potential tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers. However, the possible mechanisms by which BAI inhibiting progression of gastric cancer mediating miR-7/FAK/AKT signaling pathway remain unclear. PURPOSE: To investigate the molecular mechanism and effects of BAI inhibiting progression of gastric cancer mediating miR-7/FAK/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS: Gastric cancer cell lines with FAK knockdown and overexpression were constructed by lentivirus transfection. After BAI treatment, the effects of FAK protein on proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were detected by MTT, EdU, colony formation, wound healing, transwell and Matrigel tube formation assays. In vivo experiment was performed by xenograft model. Immunofluorescence and western blot assay were used to detect the effects of FAK protein on the expression levels of EMT markers and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway related proteins. qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay were used to clarify the targeting relationship between miR-7 and FAK. RESULTS: BAI can regulate FAK to affect proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. qRT-PCR showed BAI can upregulated the expression of miR-7 and luciferase reporter assay showed the targeting relationship between miR-7 and FAK. Additionally, miR-7 mediates cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis by directly targeting FAK 3'UTR to inhibit FAK expression. CONCLUSION: BAI repressing progression of gastric cancer mediating miR-7/FAK/AKT signaling pathway.

Small bowel preparations for capsule endoscopy with mannitol and simethicone: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus concerning small bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy (CE). This study evaluated the effects of 4 regimens on small bowel cleansing and diagnostic yield. METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group A consumed a clear liquid diet after lunch on the day before CE, followed by overnight fasting. Group B took 250 mL 20% mannitol and 1 L 0.9% saline orally at 05:00 hours on the day of the procedure. In group C, the same regimen was taken at 20:00 hours on the day before and at 05:00 hours on the day of CE. In group D, in addition to the group C regimen, 20 mL oral simethicone was taken 30 minutes before CE. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were prospectively enrolled, and 7 were excluded from the final analysis because of incomplete small bowel transit. No significant difference was noted among the 4 groups for small bowel transit time. Bowel preparation in group D was significantly better than for the other regimens for overall cleansing of the proximal small bowel, and showed improved overall cleansing of the distal small bowel when compared with 10-hours overnight fasting. Pathological lesions of the proximal and distal small bowel were, respectively, achieved in 82 and 74 patients, mostly distributed in group D. CONCLUSIONS: Small bowel preparation that involves split-dose oral mannitol plus single-dose simethicone for CE can improve mucosal visualization and subsequent diagnostic yield when compared with 10-hours overnight fasting.

The release of hydrogen reaction of graphene modified NaAlH4.

In this experiment, we prepared a better performance graphene, by using butyrolactone and flavanone, promoting the graphite into high quality graphene strip. The obtained graphene were used to catalyze the hydrogen released by NaAlH4. The result proved that 5 wt% doped butyrolactone treated graphite and 2 wt% doped flavanone-treated graphite are good catalyst in NaAlH4's decomposition process.