82Se Metabolically-Labeled Yeast as a Matrix-Matched Isotope Dilution Standard for Quantification of Selenomethionine.

Selenized yeast is commonly used as a highly bioavailable source of selenium in dietary supplements and feed additives and is used in research settings in various disciplines due to the large number of selenium-containing metabolites formed during growth. With the selenomethionine being the major form of selenium present in selenized yeasts, its accurate quantitation is essential, however, values are frequently underestimated due to the costly and time-consuming hydrolysis-based sample preparation required to release the selenoamino acid from proteins for analysis. The National Research Council Canada has developed an 82-Se-enriched selenized yeast Certified Reference Material, SEEY-1 (DOI: 10.4224/crm.2023.seey-1) intended to be used as a matrix-matched spike material for isotope dilution analysis of selenized yeasts. The total selenium and selenomethionine contents of SEEY-1 were determined to be 322.1 ± 4.8 mg/kg (k = 2) and 635.6 ± 16.8 mg/kg (k = 2), respectively. Here we present results on the preparation of the 82-Se-enriched yeast, the certification process, and provide an example of the use of SEEY-1 as a matrix-matched spike for the analysis of selenomethionine in a sample of selenized yeast. We demonstrate here that SEEY-1 is able to compensate for the partial digestion of yeast proteins and provide reliable analytical data on Se amino acid content in under an hour instead of the 16 hours required for conventional complete acid hydrolysis.

Testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 is associated with the radio-sensitivity of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that a significant number of prostate cancers (PCa) showed different extents of radio-resistance and the tumor may recur after treatment. Recent studies demonstrated that Testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) could play a critical role in anti-oxidative stress responses and might modulate the DNA damage repair. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of TR4 in the radiotherapy for PCa. METHODS: The TR4 expression in tissue samples from PCa patients treated with brachytherapy was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell survival test and colony formation assay were applied to test the radio-sensitivity of PCa cells with modulated TR4 gene expression upon irradiation. RESULTS: PCa patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after brachytherapy tend to have higher TR4 expression (80%, n = 30) as compared to those without BCR (36.67%, n = 30). Survival analysis demonstrated a significant higher BCR occurrence in patients with high level of TR4 expression (HR = 3.474, 95%CI 1.678-7.192, P = 0.0008). Multivariate analysis showed that the TR4 staining score on IHC was the only significant variable for predicting the PCa patients' clinical outcomes after radiotherapy (OR = 9.919, 95% CI 2.516-39.101, P = 0.001). Using cell survival test and colony forming assay, we found that the addition of functional TR4 in PC3 cells lead to elevated radio-resistance. In contrast, knocking-down TR4 in LNCaP cells resulted in increased radio-sensitivity. The γH2AX foci kinetic analysis suggested that knocking down TR4 might delay the PCa cell's DNA damage repair which would enhance the radio-sensitivity. CONCLUSION: TR4 could mediate the PCa cells' radio-sensitivity and might become a prognostic indicator for PCa patients received radiotherapy. This study provides a novel approach to manipulate radio-sensitivity of PCa cells, and may bring a promoted therapeutic outcome of radiotherapy to battle PCa in future.

A novel rabbit anti-hepatocyte growth factor monoclonal neutralizing antibody inhibits tumor growth in prostate cancer cells and mouse xenografts.

The hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met are correlated with castration-resistance in prostate cancer. Although HGF has been considered as an attractive target for therapeutic antibodies, the lack of cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with human/mouse HGFs is a major obstacle in preclinical developments. We generated a panel of anti-HGF RabMAbs either blocking HGF/c-Met interaction or inhibiting c-Met phosphorylation. We selected one RabMAb with mouse cross-reactivity and demonstrated that it blocked HGF-stimulated downstream activation in PC-3 and DU145 cells. Anti-HGF RabMAb inhibited not only the growth of PC-3 cells but also HGF-dependent proliferation in HUVECs. We further demonstrated the efficacy and potency of the anti-HGF RabMAb in tumor xenograft mice models. Through these in vitro and in vivo experiments, we explored a novel therapeutic antibody for advanced prostate cancer.

[Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for upper ureteral calculi: a report of 1171 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes and values of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. METHODS: A total of 1171 patients with upper ureteral calculi were recruited during September 1999 to February 2012. The etiologies included impacted calculi (n = 1100), non-impacted calculi (n = 71), multiple ureteral calculi (n = 51) and combined small calculi in unilateral kidney (n = 139). Maximum diameter of calculi was 1.5 (0.8-2.6) cm. All patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and double J stent was implanted intraoperatively. RESULTS: Two cases were converted into open operation. Calculi moving up into pelvis occurred in 27 cases. And 25 cases converted into laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and stones were removed successfully. Two cases received extra extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy postoperatively. The remaining 1142 cases were treated successfully with an operative duration of 56.1 (26-160) min and an estimated volume of blood loss at 45.2 (10-250) ml. The period of drainage tube was 3.1 (1-7) days. Postoperative hospitalization stay was 4.8 (3-9) days. One patient suffered urine leakage and healed at Day 6 days post-operation. Ten cases suffered D-J stent bladder non-arrival or retraction and double J stents were extracted by ureteroscopy. One case suffered paralytic ileus and recovered 7 days later. Another case suffered severe hematuria. No intestine or adjacent viscera injury was observed. The follow-up period of 827 cases was 7.3 (24-108) months. Among 12 cases of ureteral stricture, ureteral dilation (n = 7) and ureteral anastomosis (n = 3) were performed. For 5 cases of renal atrophy, 3 underwent nephrectomy because of recurrent lumbago or persistent urinary infection. CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has the advantages of minimal morbidity, little postoperative discomfort and high stone clearance rate over open surgery. It should be widely adopted for the patients with upper ureteral impacted calculi.

Montelukast as a successful treatment for eosinophilic cystitis in an asthmatic woman patient.

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory disorder. We herein report a case of EC in an asthmatic female patient who had a recent exacerbation with none known allergen. She was administered montelukast sodium orally for four weeks and received complete remission. This medication was successfully discontinued after a three-month follow up period. This case report about successful treatment of an adult EC patient using montelukast sodium may provide a new option for EC patients with allergic history.

Nkx3.1 and p27(KIP1) cooperate in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer (PC), which responds well to androgen ablation initially, invariably progresses to treatment resistance. The so-called androgen-independent PC is also a concern, since there is no effective therapy so far. Nkx3.1 is a putative prostate tumor suppressor that is expressed exclusively in the prostate under the regulation of androgen, and p27(KIP1) functions as a cell proliferation inhibitor and apoptosis trigger by disrupting the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complex. Lack of expressions of Nkx3.1 and/or p27(KIP1) have been detected in most advanced PC and is associated with poor clinical progression. Here, we show that endogenous expressions of both Nkx3.1 and p27(KIP1) are lost in the androgen-independent PC3 PC cells, while remaining intact in LNCaP PC cells, which contain functional androgen receptor (AR) and are hormone-responsive. Ectopic restoration of either Nkx3.1 or p27(KIP1) in PC3 cells results in reduced cell proliferation, and increased cell death. Both effects are synergistically enhanced when the two molecules are coexpressed. p27(KIP1) overexpression in PC3 results in increased cell population ceased at the G0/G1 phase, and this cell-cycle-arresting effect is significantly enhanced by the coexpression of Nkx3.1. Flow cytometry further revealed that Nkx3.1 and p27(KIP1) also cooperatively render more PC3 cells undergoing apoptosis. Consistently, the coexpression of Nkx3.1 and p27(KIP1) leads to the decreased expression of Bcl-2 oncogene and a concomitantly upregulated Bax expression. It also activates caspase 3 and leads to increased cleavage of PARP. Our findings thus reveal the crucial relevance of the combined antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of Nkx3.1 and p27(KIP1) in androgen-independent PC cells, and further suggest that a combined, rather than single gene manipulation may be of clinical value for hormone-refractory PC.

[Transvesical removal of seminal vesicle mass: a report of 5 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transvesical approach to the surgical treatment of seminal vesicle mass. METHODS: Transvesical removal of seminal vesicle mass was performed for 5 patients aged 45-69 (mean 51) years. The clinical symptoms included those involving the lower urinary tract such as frequent micturition and urgency in 3 cases (1 accompanied with dyschezia), hematospermia in 1, and lower abdominal and perineal malaise in the other. Two masses were in the left side and the other 3 in the right, ranging from 3 to 10 cm (mean 5 cm) in size, detected by transrectal ultrasonography, CT, MRI or digital rectal examination. The mean course of disease was 9 (2-18) months. RESULTS: All the 5 patients were treated successfully and uneventfully, with a mean operation time of 75 minutes, a mean blood loss of 140 ml and a mean hospital stay of 10 days. Pathological examinations revealed 2 cases of seminal vesicle cyst with infection, 1 cystadenoma, 1 phyllode tumor and 1 prostatic hyperplasia. A 3-72 months follow-up showed that all the patients were free of symptoms and had normal sexual function. CONCLUSION: Transvesical removal of seminal vesicle mass, with small incisal opening, good visual field and easy operation, is an effective surgical procedure for seminal vesicle disease.

A multicenter observational study of the real-world use of docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in China.

AIM: To investigate the use of docetaxel for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in real-world clinical practice in China. METHODS: This single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted at 32 study centers in China and included male patients aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed prostate cancer who received ≥1 dose of docetaxel following failure of hormonal therapy (disease progression with serum testosterone <50 ng/dL). The primary aim was to investigate patterns of docetaxel treatment. RESULTS: Overall 403 patients were included between August 2011 and June 2016; patients initiated docetaxel after failure of first- (42.2% [170]), second- (31.0% [125]) and ≥third-line (12.7% [51]) hormonal therapy, estramustine (11.4% [46]) or other (2.7% [11]). The planned cycles of docetaxel therapy were completed by 30.8% of patients, and the mean (SD) number of cycles received was 4.4 (2.86). Median overall survival (mOS) was 22.4 (95% CI, 20.4-25.8) months and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate in patients with available data was 70.9% (168/237), with no differences in mOS and PSA response rates between treatment settings. Subgroup analysis revealed higher mOS in patients without visceral metastasis versus those with such metastases (22.9 vs. 17.4 months; P = 0.022). No new safety signals were observed and the most common adverse events associated with docetaxel were granulocytopenia (5%) and leukopenia (4.5%). CONCLUSION: Data from this study showed that around three-quarters of Chinese patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel initiated treatment following first- or second-line hormonal therapy and no new safety signals were observed.

Expression of Nkx3.1 enhances 17beta-estradiol anti-tumor action in PC3 human prostate cancer cells.

AIM: To explore whether the anti-tumor action of 17beta-estradiol is enhanced by re-expression of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx3.1 in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: PC3 cells were stably transfected with pcDNA3.1-Nkx3.1-His vector, which carries a full-length cDNA of human Nkx3.1. The PC3 cells stably transfected with vector pcDNA3.1 were set as a control. The expression of Nkx3.1 protein in the cells was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The effect of Nkx3.1 on cell proliferation of PC3 cells was examined with MTT assay. The antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of 17beta-estradiol alone or in combination with Nkx3.1 were estimated on PC3 cells by using MTT growth tests and flow cytometric analyses. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS: The plasmid carrying Nkx3.1 gene induced high expression of Nkx3.1 protein in PC3 cells. The re-expression of exogenous Nkx3.1 did not cause a significant reduction in cellular proliferation, whereas the expression of Nkx3.1 enhanced the 17beta-estradiol anti-proliferative effect in PC3 cells. Nkx3.1 expression promoted 17beta-estradiol-induced apoptosis of PC3 cells, as shown by analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that re-expression of Nkx3.1 enhances 17beta-estradiol anti-tumor action in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. The in vitro study suggests that re-expression of Nkx3.1 is worthy of further consideration as an adjuvant treatment of androgen independent prostate cancer with estrogen anti-tumor therapies.

[Predictive factors for conversion of transurethral resection of the prostate to open prostatectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors for the conversion of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to open prostatectomy and to provide clinical evidence for surgical options. METHODS: From January 1997 to March 2005, we performed 1 086 TURP and made retrospective analyses of 11 risk factors concerning the demographics, clinical history, laboratory data, ultrasound results, and intraoperative complications of the patients. In addition, multivariate logistic regression was used to determine those variables predicting the conversion of TURP. RESULTS: Thirty-nine (3.59%) of the TURP cases required conversion, mostly because of uncontrollable hemorrhage (71.79%). Multivariate analyses showed that a prostate volume > 85.2 ml (OR = 2.568, P < 0.01), intraoperative slit of capsula prostatic (OR = 1.916, P < 0.01) and a second midstream bladder specimen (VB2) white blood cell count of the urine > 13.5/HP (OR = 1.486, P < 0.01) predicted the conversion to open prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with a huge prostate and those with intraoperative slit of capsula prostatic undergoing TURP are more likely to be converted. And uncontrollable hemorrhage, huge prostate and poor endoscopic vision are the major reasons for the conversion.

Renal cell carcinoma presenting as a simple renal cyst: A case report.

Cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting as a simple cyst are extremely rare. We herein report the case of a patient with RCC diagnosed as a simple renal cyst preoperatively. A 39-year-old female patient presented with abdominal pain for 3 months. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a simple cyst in the left kidney. The patient underwent laparoscopic decortication of the renal cyst. Biochemical analysis of the cystic fluid revealed unusually low levels of potassium, sodium, calcium and glucose, and the histological examination of the floor of the cyst indicated malignancy. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed 20 days later and the pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of RCC of the clear cell type. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient remained well and recurrence-free on imaging. The aim of the present study was to emphasize the importance of recognizing that RCC may occur in what appears to be a simple renal cyst based on imaging results. Biochemical analysis of the cystic fluid may help identify the presence of malignancy.

Dysregulated expression of homebox gene HOXA13 is correlated with the poor prognosis in bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: The homeobox (HOX) genes have been implicated playing important roles in many human cancers. HOXA13 is a member of HOX genes that encode transcription factors regulating embryonic development and cell fate. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of HOXA13 in bladder cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was initially performed to screen the differentially expressed HOXA13 between bladder cancer tissues and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Subsequent Western blotting analysis validation was conducted using tissue samples from patients with bladder cancer. RESULTS: The expression level of HOXA13 was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissues compared to that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P < 0.001). The χ2-test showed that expression of HOXA13 was positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.013), bladder tumor TNM stage (P = 0.002) and pathological grade (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with bladder cancer with high expression of HOXA13 had shorter overall survival time (P = 0.001) and disease-free survival time (P = 0.001) compared to patients with low expression of HOXA13. Multivariate analysis indicated that HOXA13 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival for bladder cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that high expression of HOXA13 is associated with the progression of bladder cancer and that HOXA13 might serve as a biomarker for prognosis of bladder cancer.

[Penile squamous carcinoma in circumcised patients: a report 17 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of penile carcinoma in circumcised men. METHODS: We reviewed 17 cases of penile carcinoma detected 1 month to 16 years after circumcision performed in our hospital from January, 1997 to December, 2004. RESULTS: Of the total number, 11 cases were diagnosed as penile carcinoma 1 - 12 months and the others 3 - 16 years after the circumcision. Sixteen of them were treated by partial penectomy, anti 1 first by extensive circumcision and later by partial and total penectomy successively after recurrence. Cloquet nodes biopsy showed 16 cases to be pathologically well-differentiated and I case moderately differentiated penile squamous carcinoma. One died of extensive metastasis, but the other 16 remained disease-free survivals. CONCLUSION: Circumcised adult men, especially those over 40 years of age, are likely to develop penile carcinoma. Patients with inflammation, plaque or ulcer in the prepuce should be checked by pathological biopsy and followed up closely. For Stage-I penile squamous carcinoma, partial penectomy is shown to be an effective therapeutic option, and Cloquet's nodes biopsy is necessary for all patients.

[Sexual-nerve-Sparing radical cystectomy: experience with 32 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of sexual-nerve-sparing radical cystectomy. METHODS: Thirty-two male patients were treated with sexual-nerve-sparing radical cystectomy in our hospital in the past 5 years. The age of the patients ranged from 38 to 72 years, with the course of the disease ranging from 2 days to 20 years. All of them were potent preoperatively. Radical cystectomy was performed antegradely and retrogradely with the neurovascular bundle spared. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 6 to 54 months, 3 achieved sexual activity of Grade I, 6 Grade II and 23 Grade III after the operation. The recovery time of erectile function ranged from 2 to 14 months, averaging at 4. 5 months. CONCLUSION: Whenever condition suits, sexual-nerve-sparing radical cystectomy is to be strongly recommended.

[Distribution features of Gleason score and its relationship with clinical stages in 346 prostate cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution features of Gleason score and evaluate the relationship between Gleason score and clinical stages in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: Surveys were made of the inpatients with prostate cancer diagnosed by pathology from January 1992 to June 2005 in our hospital. Gleason score and clinical stages were determined on the basis of pathological examination and clinical data of the prostate cancer patients. The patients were divided into three groups (1992-1999, 2000-2002 and 2003-2005). The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the distribution and differences of Gleason score among the three groups. Spearman rank correlation was applied to the evaluation of the relationship between Gleason score and clinical stages. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant shift in the distribution of Gleason score (chi2 = 17.703, P < 0.01), and a slight increase in the mean Gleason score. The proportion of moderately differentiated tumor increased (chi2 = 10.736, P < 0.01). There was little change in the proportion of Gleason score 7, 8, 9 and 10 (chi2 = 4.038, P > 0.05). Gleason score had a significant positive correlation with clinical stages in the 346 cases of prostate cancer (r = 0.452, P < 0.01). Significant difference was observed between Gleason score 2-6 and 7 or 8-10 (chi2 = 8.786, P < 0.01, chi2 = 22.956, P < 0.01), but not between the latter 2 groups (chi2 = 0.787, P > 0.05) in prediction of organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Gleason score 7 shows the similar value to Gleason score 8-10 in predicting the progression of the disease. Gleason score was significantly correlated with clinical stages, which suggests that Gleason score is also an important indicator for the prognosis of prostate cancer.

Comparison of safety and efficacy of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with large renal pelvic stones: a meta-analysis.

To compare percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (LP) for surgical management for large (>2 cm) renal stones. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases until March 11, 2015, using the following search terms: renalpelvic stone, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, laparoscopic pyelolithotomy. Randomized controlled and prospective and retrospective two-armed studies were included. Sensitivity analysis and assessment of the quality of the included studies and publication bias were performed. Nine studies were included in the study with a patient population of 622. The studies were homogeneous with respect to the primary end point of stone-free rate, but were heterogeneous with respect to operation time, length of hospital stay, and blood loss. A higher percentage of patients who received LP remained stone-free following surgery compared with patients who were treated with PCNL (p=0.001). However, the mean operation time was longer for patients with LP than for those treated with PCNL (p=0.002). There was no difference between procedures with regard to length of hospital stay or blood loss (p≥0.071). Sensitivity and quality analysis indicated that the data are reliable and the included studies are of good quality. No publication bias was observed. The study suggests that both procedures are effective and safe for removing large renal stones. However, LP may be more efficacious than PCNL in treating large kidney stones.

High-pressure balloon dilation for male anterior urethral stricture: single-center experience.

OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively reviewed the urethral stricture cases treated in our tertiary center, and assessed the safety and feasibility of the high-pressure balloon dilation (HPBD) technique for anterior urethral stricture. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2012, a total of 31 patients with anterior urethral strictures underwent HPBD at our center, while another 25 cases were treated by direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU). Patient demographics, stricture characteristics, surgical techniques, and operative outcomes were assessed and compared between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to evaluate the stricture-free rate for the two surgical techniques. RESULTS: The operation time was much shorter for the HPBD procedure than for the DVIU ((13.19±2.68) min vs. (18.44±3.29) min, P<0.01). For the HPBD group, the major postoperative complications as urethral bleeding and urinary tract infection (UTI) were less frequently encountered than those in DVIU (urethral bleeding: 2/31 vs. 8/25, P=0.017; UTI: 1/31 vs. 6/25 P=0.037). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in stricture-free rate at 36 months between the two groups (P=0.21, hazard ratio (HR)=0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34 to 1.26). However, there was a significantly higher stricture-free survival in the HPBD group at 12 months (P=0.02, HR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.87), which indicated that the stricture recurrence could be delayed by using the HPBD technique. CONCLUSIONS: HPBD was effective and safe and it could be considered as an alternative treatment modality for anterior urethral stricture disease.

[Inverted urothelial papilloma: report of 151 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of inverted urothelial papilloma. METHODS: A total of 151 cases of urothelial inverted papilloma were analysed retrospectively. Of the cases, 134 were male and 17 were female, with a mean age of 54 years old. Most patients complained of painless gross hematuria. The diagnosis could be established mainly by ultrasonic, intravenous urography, retrograde pyelography, cystoscope and pathology. Among them, 7 cases who had the papilloma at upper urinary tract underwent nephroureterectomy except one. One hundred and forty-four cases had the papilloma at low urinary tract, with 124 treated by transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT), among which 11 cases accompanying benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated by transurethral prostatic resection, 3 by transurethral resection of prostatic urethral tumor, 15 by partial cystectomy, 2 by total cystectomy. RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen cases were followed up 1 year to 12.5 years (mean 6.3 years). Intravesical recurrence was found in 5 cases. Of them 2 cases developed malignance in 8 and 30 months postoperatively, and 1 case underwent total cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Inverted urothelial papilloma is a benign tumor, which appears male predominant. Most of the lesions are found in the bladder. TURBT is the preferred treatment choice for inverted papilloma of the bladder. Although this disease has a good prognosis, regular follow-up observations are necessary.

[Age and pathological features of 481 prostate cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the age and pathological features of prostate cancer patients in recent years. METHODS: An analysis was made of the age and pathological features of 481 cases of prostate cancer pathologically diagnosed from January 1998 to April 2004, 39 cases in 1998, 69 in 1999, 73 in 2000, 68 in 2001, 72 in 2002, 121 in 2003, and 39 in the first four months of 2004. RESULTS: The patients ranged in age from 40 to 91 years, averaging 72, 95% between 55 and 84, and 84.2% over 65 years. Pathologically, 14 cases were well, 29 moderately, and 83 poorly differentiated according to the three-grade system (WHO, the Mostofi system), with 355 cases ungraded. Forty cases (8.3%) were microcarcinoma (< 1 cm), and 20 cases (4.2%) incidental carcinoma. Of the total number, 473 cases (98.1%) were pathologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 signet ring cell carcinoma, 1 adenosquamous cell carcinoma, 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 transitional cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer commonly develops in men over 65 years, and adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type. The disease has become a major malignant tumor to endanger elderly males.

[Transurethral resection of prostate perioperative hypotension]

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors to transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) perioperative hypotension. METHODS: The study group included 130 patients undergoing TURP. The control group included 50 patients who had suprapubic prostatectomy. Absorption of irrigation fluid was measured by determining the serum gentamycin level. Blood loss of PURP patients was calculated as the product of the irrigation fluid volume and hemoglobin concentration (determined with a photometer) divided by the preopreative blood hemoglobin concentration. Body temperature was recorded using a rectal probe. Serum electrolytes were determined pre-and postop. RESULTS: The blood loss in study group (380.2+/-98.3)ml was significantly less than in the control group (460.1+/-52.5)ml, P<0.05. However, the incidence of hypotension was significantly higher than the control group 28%, 8%), P<0.01. Factors associated with TURP hypotension included volume of irrigation fluid absorption, blood loss, reduction in core temperature, decrease of serum sodium, operating time, prostate weight and volume and history of cardiovascular disease. After Logistic regression analysis, the most significant factors were excessive absorption of irrigation fluid and rapid central cooling. CONCLUSION: In our study TURP hypotension most closely correlated with volume of irrigation fluid absorbed and reduction in core temperature.