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OBJECTIVE: To assess electrocardiogram (ECG) for risk stratification in inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients within 24 h. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-four patients were divided into four ECG-based groups: Group A: R V1 <0.3 mV with ST-segment elevation (ST↑) V7-V9, Group B: R V1 <0.3 mV without ST↑ V7-V9, Group C: R V1 ≥0.3 mV with ST↑ V7-V9, and Group D: R V1 ≥0.3 mV without ST↑ V7-V9. RESULTS: Group A demonstrated the longest QRS duration, followed by Groups B, C, and D. ECG signs for right ventricle (RV) infarction were more common in Groups A and B (p < .01). ST elevation in V6, indicative of left ventricle (LV) lateral injury, was more higher in Group C than in Group A, while the ∑ST↑ V3R + V4R + V5R, representing RV infarction, showed the opposite trend (p < .05). The estimated LV infarct size from ECG was similar between Groups A and C, yet Group A had higher creatine kinase MB isoform (CK-MB; p < .05). Cardiac troponin I (cTNI) was higher in Groups A and C than in B and D (p < .05 and p = .16, respectively). NT-proBNP decreased across groups (p = .20), with the highest left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) observed in Group D (p < .05). Group A notably demonstrated more cardiac dysfunction within 4 h post-onset. CONCLUSIONS: For inferior STEMI patients, concurrent R V1 <0.3 mV with ST↑ V7-V9 suggests prolonged ventricular activation and notable myocardial damage. RV infarction's dominance over LV lateral injury might explain these observations.
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Infarto de la Pared Inferior del Miocardio , Infarto del Miocardio , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST , Humanos , Infarto de la Pared Inferior del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto de la Pared Inferior del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Electrocardiografía , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/diagnóstico , Relevancia Clínica , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Arritmias CardíacasRESUMEN
The Dressler-de Winter sign is an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern characterized by upsloping ST-segment depression in leads V1-V6 followed by tall, hyperacute T waves, typically indicating an occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). We present a case involving an inferoposterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a variant of the de Winter sign, a concept of ST-segment continuum in the precordial leads. Despite initial ECG findings suggesting right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX) involvement, coronary angiography confirmed occlusion of the wrap-around LAD distal to the first septal (S1) and diagonal branch (D1) and revealed a left dominant system accompanied by a small non-dominant RCA. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity in accurately localizing the culprit artery in STEMI cases exhibiting the de Winter sign. Understanding such ECG variants is crucial for analyzing the mechanisms of acute ischemia and ensuring accurate assessment of the culprit vessel for effective revascularization.
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BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors and leads to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. The role of epigenetic regulation between hypoxia and aberrant cholesterol metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. METHODS: Hypoxia-responsive circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified by high throughput RNA sequencing between CRC cells cultured under normoxia or hypoxia. The protein-coding potential of circINSIG1 was identified by polysome profiling and LC-MS. The function of circINSIG1 was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by immunoprecipitation analyses. RESULTS: A novel hypoxia-responsive circRNA named circINSIG1 was identified, which was upregulated in CRC tissues and correlated with advanced clinical stages and poor survival. Mechanistically, circINSIG1 encoded a 121 amino acid protein circINSIG1-121 to promote K48-linked ubiquitination of the critical cholesterol metabolism regulator INSIG1 at lysine 156 and 158 by recruiting CUL5-ASB6 complex, a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, thereby inducing cholesterol biosynthesis to promote CRC proliferation and metastasis. The orthotopic xenograft tumor models and patient-derived xenograft models further identified the role of circINSIG1 in CRC progression and potential therapeutic target of CRC. CONCLUSIONS: circINSIG1 presents an epigenetic mechanism which provides insights into the crosstalk between hypoxia and cholesterol metabolism, and provides a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Colesterol , Neoplasias Colorrectales , ARN Circular , Humanos , Proliferación Celular , Colesterol/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Proteínas Cullin/genética , Epigénesis Genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Hipoxia/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , ARN Circular/genética , ARN Circular/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Increasing studies indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cancer progression. However, the roles of circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we determined the circRNA expression profile by next-generation RNA sequencing from eight CRC and paired non-cancerous matched tissues. circCAMSAP1 (originating from exon 2 to exon 3 of the CAMSAP1 gene, hsa_circ_0001900) was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. Increased circCAMSAP1 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage and shortened overall survival. An elevation of circCAMSAP1 expression was detected via droplet digital PCR in the serum of CRC patients prior to surgery. Functionally, circCAMSAP1 promoted the malignant behavior of CRC. Mechanism study of upstream biogenesis of circCAMSAP1 indicated that circCAMSAP1 cyclization in CRC was mediated by splicing factor epithelial-splicing regulatory protein 1. Moreover, circCAMSAP1 acted as a sponge for miR-328-5p and abrogated its suppression on transcription factor E2F1. Taken together, our data indicated an essential role of the circCAMSAP1/miR-328-5p/E2F1 axis in the progression of CRC, which implied that circCAMSAP1 could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F1/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/genética , ARN Circular/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Pronóstico , Interferencia de ARN , Empalme del ARNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The impact of enteral nutrition (EN) on surgical risk in Crohn's disease (CD) patients suffering from spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) was evaluated. METHODS: CD patients diagnosed with spontaneous IAA from 2008 to 2015 were included in the study. The impact of EN on surgical risk was evaluated using both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients were enrolled, 66 (75.9%) were male. The mean age at the development of an abscess was 30.2 ± 10.1 years and the median duration of illness from CD diagnosis until the development of an abscess was three (2-6) years. After a median follow-up of 1.9 (1.1-2.9) years, surgical intervention was performed in 42 patients (48.3%). Patients treated with EN were less likely to require surgical intervention (26.1% vs 56.3%, p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that EN was an independent protective factor for the risk of surgery with a hazard ratio of 0.27 (95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.65, p = 0.004) after adjusting for abdominal pain, history of abdominal surgery, concomitant intestinal stenosis and prior use of antibiotics within three months. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention is common for CD patients with IAA. Appropriate application of EN may help obviate the need for surgical treatment.
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Absceso Abdominal/cirugía , Absceso Abdominal/terapia , Enfermedad de Crohn/cirugía , Enfermedad de Crohn/terapia , Nutrición Enteral , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability of androgen indexes by analyzing the relationship of androgen indexes with the results of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) questionnaire investigations, and offer some reference for the application of the diagnostic criteria for LOH released by The Chinese Society of Andrology in 2009. METHODS: This study included 1 003 males aged 40 years or older who had accomplished the questionnaires of Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM), Aging Males' Symptoms Scale (AMS), and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). We evaluated the correlation of androgen indexes with the results of the questionnaire investigation, repeated the examination of androgen indexes for the subjects with total testosterone (TT) ≤11.5 nmol/L after an average of 1.5 years, and analyzed the factors inducing changes of androgen indexes. RESULTS: Free testosterone index (FTI) ≤ 0.42 (OR, 1.369) and calculated free testosterone (cFT) ≤ 0.3 nmol/L (OR, 1.302) were considered as the risk factors of LOH in AMS, and so were testosterone secretion index (TSI) ≤ 2.8 nmol/IU (OR, 1.679) and cFT ≤ 0.3 nmol/L (OR, 1.371) in IIEF-5. Paired t-test on the results of the examination performed twice showed significant differences in the levels of TT, TSI, cFT, and FT (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased testosterone may cause the diversity of LOH symptoms and hence the fluctuation of androgens. Therefore, the diagnosis of LOH depends on androgen indexes, varied symptoms in the questionnaires, and relief of the symptoms after testosterone therapy.
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Andrógenos/sangre , Hipogonadismo/diagnóstico , Testosterona/sangre , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Envejecimiento , Pueblo Asiatico , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the level of serum testosterone and atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly men. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study of 413 males aged 40-75 years in a community in Guangzhou. We obtained the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, physical measurements, and laboratory results of sex hormones, blood glucose, and blood lipid of the subjects. We also measured the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) by color Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: The subjects were divided into a carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) group (CIMT ≥ 0.9 mm) and a non-CAS group (CIMT < 0.9 mm). The medians of free testosterone (FT) were 57.41 and 59.72 pmol/L in the CAS and non-CAS groups, respectively (P = 0.005), and no significant difference was found between the two groups in total testosterone (TT). The levels of serum FT and TT were negatively correlated to CIMT, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of -0.126 (P = 0.011) and -0.188 (P < 0.001), respectively. The incidence rates of CAS were 23.30, 13.46, 17.48, and 7.77% in the Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively according to the quartile of FT (P for trend = 0.008) and 17.48, 18.27, 16.50, and 9.71% respectively according to the quartile of TT (P for trend = 0.116). Based on the quartile of FT and after adjustment for age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and HbAlc, the risk of CAS was significantly increased in the Q1 group as compared with Q4 (OR = 2.491, 95% CI 1.01-6.149), but no statistically significant differences were observed according to the quartile of TT. CONCLUSION: A low serum FT level may be a risk factor of atherosclerosis in Chinese men aged 40 years or older.
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Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/sangre , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Testosterona/sangre , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Glucemia/análisis , Presión Sanguínea , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/etiología , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/sangre , Humanos , Incidencia , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Various genetic and epigenetic changes associated with genomic instability (GI), including DNA damage repair defects, chromosomal instability, and mitochondrial GI, contribute to development and progression of cancer. These alterations not only result in DNA leakage into the cytoplasm, either directly or through micronuclei, but also trigger downstream inflammatory signals, such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Apart from directly inducing DNA damage to eliminate cancer cells, radiotherapy (RT) exerts its antitumor effects through intracellular DNA damage sensing mechanisms, leading to the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. This not only enables local tumor control but also reshapes the immune microenvironment, triggering systemic immune responses. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to increase the probability of abscopal effects, where distant tumors respond to treatment due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects. This review emphasizes the importance of GI in cancer biology and elucidates the mechanisms by which RT induces GI remodeling of the immune microenvironment. By elucidating the mechanisms of GI and RT-induced immune responses, we aim to emphasize the crucial importance of this approach in modern oncology. Understanding the impact of GI on tumor biological behavior and therapeutic response, as well as the possibility of activating systemic anti-tumor immunity through RT, will pave the way for the development of new treatment strategies and improve prognosis for patients.
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Inestabilidad Genómica , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Daño del ADNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Stem cell therapy is a promising cell-based treatment modality for inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], but its application is limited by the nature of cell heterogeneity. METHODS: Single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on the adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs]. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of ADSCs was evaluated by co-culturing with human CD4+ T cells or macrophages. The in vivo therapeutic value of ADSCs was assessed using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]. RESULTS: CD200+ ADSCs were identified as a novel subpopulation of ADSCs, based on gene ontology analysis of immunoregulatory functions. The immunoregulatory functions of these cells were further confirmed by co-culturing with CD4+ T cells or macrophages. Administration of CD200+ ADSCs effectively reduced intestinal inflammation in IBD mice models. Furthermore, we found CD200+ ADSCs-derived GAS6 exerted protective effects on experimental colitis by promoting macrophage M2 polarization via the Mer/PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovered the heterogeneity in ADSCs, in which CD200+ ADSCs presents as an alternative to conventional treatment of IBD.
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Colitis , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/terapia , Colitis/metabolismo , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/terapia , Células Madre/fisiología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Background: This study aimed to develop a vaccine that targets mutation-derived neoantigen in Chinese non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A cohort of 1862 Chinese NSCLC patients who underwent targeted sequencing with a 1021-gene panel was investigated. HLA typing was done using OptiType v1.0 and neoantigens were predicted by netMHCpan v4.0. HLA LOH was inferred using the lohhla algorithm and TMB were quantified by counting the total number of non-synonymous ones based on our panel data. CIBERSORT was utilized to estimate the TME in different EGFR mutant subtype by using TCGA data. Results: HLA-A*11:01(42.59%) was the top one allele and HLA-A*33:03(12.94%) ranked 12th. EGFR L858R (22.61%) was the most prevalent gene variant. The binding affinity (IC50 MT = 22.9 nM) and shared frequency (2.93%) of EGFR L858R in combination with HLA-A*33:03 were optimal. In a subsequent further analysis on immunological features of EGFR mutant subtypes, 63.1% HLA loss of heterozygosity LOH (HLA LOH) and 0.37% (7 of 1862) B2M aberrations were found in our population, both had no significant association with EGFR mutant subtypes suggesting that the process of antigen presentation involved HLA LOH and B2M mechanisms in EGFR L858R is working. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was investigated by utilizing our panel and showed that EGFR L858R had the lowest TMB compared with other EGFR mutant subtypes. In addition, analysis of 22 immune cell types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed EGFR L858R was correlated with low level of CD8 T cells, activated CD4 memory T cells and elevated level of macrophage M2 suggesting an inhibited tumor microenvironment (TME). Conclusion: Our study identified that EGFR L858R neoantigen had the potential to generate cancer vaccines in NSCLC patients with HLA A*33:03. The neoantigen-based vaccines may become an effective salvage regimen for EGFR L858R subgroup after targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) failure.
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Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Mutación , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Microambiente Tumoral , Receptores ErbB/genéticaRESUMEN
Metformin is the first-line anti-diabetic drug for type 2 diabetes. It has been found to significantly reduce liver aminotransferase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether metformin improves NAFLD progression remains controversial. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, plays a vital role in hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of metformin on steatohepatitis and the role of SIRT1 in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The results showed that metformin significantly reduced body weight and fat mass of DIO mice. In addition, metformin also alleviated adiposity and hepatic steatosis, and greatly upregulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in adipose tissues of DIO mice. Unexpectedly, the effects of metformin on reducing body weight and alleviating hepatic steatosis were not impaired in Sirt1 heterozygous knockout (Sirt1 +/- ) mice. However, SIRT1-deficiency remarkably impaired the effects of metformin on lowering serum transaminases levels, downregulating the mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors, and increasing the protein level of hepatic Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase (CH25H), a cholesterol hydroxylase in cholesterol catabolism. In summary, we demonstrated that metformin alleviates steatohepatitis in a SIRT1-dependent manner, and modulation of M1 polarization and cholesterol metabolism may be the underlying mechanism.
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Introduction: Oncogenic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occur frequently in patients with lung cancer. These mutations may serve as critical predictive biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among them, EGFR exon 18-25 kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD) mutations have been identified as a novel EGFR gene subtype in NSCLC. Case Presentation: We reported a rare case of a 59-year-old male diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. A biopsy revealed an EGFR-KDD identified by the next generation sequencing (NGS). Effective treatment outcome has been observed after administration with afatinib. Conclusion: This case highlights that comprehensive NGS technique is valuable in detecting novel genetic mutations in tumors.
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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CD73 in IBD-associated tumorigenesis. A mouse model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis (CAT) induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium was successfully constructed. Model mice were injected with CD73 inhibitor or adenosine receptor agonist. Colon length, body weight loss and tumor formation were assessed macroscopically. Inflammatory cytokine measurement and RNA sequencing on colon tissues were performed. Inhibition of CD73 by adenosine 5'-(α,ß-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) suppressed the severity of CAT with attenuated weight loss, longer colons, lower tumor number and smaller tumor size compared with the model group. Activation of adenosine receptors using 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-N-ethyl-ß-D-ribofuranuronamide (NECA) exacerbated CAT. Histological assessment indicated that inhibition of CD73 reduced, while activation of adenosine receptors exacerbated, the histological damage of the colon. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) in colonic tissue was detected in the NECA group. According to RNA sequencing results, potential oncogenes such as arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), Bcl-2-like protein 15 (Bcl2l15) and N-acetylaspartate synthetase (Nat8l) were downregulated in the APCP group and upregulated in the NECA group compared with the model group. Therefore, inhibition of CD73 attenuated IBD-associated tumorigenesis, while activation of adenosine receptors exacerbated tumorigenesis in a C57BL/6J mouse model. This effect may be associated with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the regulation of ALOX15, Bcl2l15 and Nat8l.
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AIM: Immune-related genes are associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an immune-related gene signature (IRGS) in predicting the prognosis of early-stage CRC patients. METHODS: In total, 309 CRC patients were selected for the identification of prognostic IRGS using the CIT/GSE39582 microarray dataset. Five independent datasets including 1587 CRC patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 566) and two validation cohorts (n = 624 in validation-1 and n = 397 in meta-validation). Prognostic analyses were performed to test the predictive value of IRGS. RESULTS: A prognostic IRGS that included 23 immune-related genes was constructed and significantly stratified patients into immune low-vs. high-risk groups in terms of disease-free survival using patients with early-stage disease (I or II) in the training cohort. Similarly, a higher IRGS was correlated with significantly worse prognosis of early-stage patients in validation-1 and meta-validation cohorts. Compared with Oncotype DX colon, we found that IRGS exhibited an improved survival correlation in the training cohort. After integration with clinical characteristics, IRGS remained as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, IRGS-stratified immune low-risk group patients gained less benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in the validation-1 cohort. Several biological processes, including inflammatory response, were enriched among genes in identified the immune high-risk group. Consistent with this finding, the IRGS-identified immune high-risk group exhibited significantly increased immune and stromal cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: The proposed prognostic IRGS is a promising system for estimating DFS of colorectal cancer patients, especially those with early-stage disease.
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Carcinoma/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Fenómenos del Sistema Inmunológico/genética , Transcriptoma , Carcinoma/inmunología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/inmunología , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the therapeutic promise of stem cell therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], most donor cell populations have to be obtained via invasive approaches and often remain insufficiently validated. Urine-derived stem cells [USC] were recently shown to have regenerative properties and can be harvested in a safe, low-cost, and noninvasive way. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of USC and their efficacy in the management of IBD. METHODS: Human USC were isolated and expanded from the urine of healthy male adult volunteers [nâ =â 3, age range 24-30 years]. USC were characterised by cell surface marker expression profile and multipotent differentiation. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of USC was evaluated by co-culturing with human CD4+ T cells upon stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin [PHA]. The proliferation of CD4+ T was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS]. Cytokine array and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] were applied to examine cytokine levels. In vivo therapeutic value of USC was assessed using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] or 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]. The immunomodulatory effect of USC and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [BMSC] was compared when co-cultured with CD4+ T cells. The therapeutic efficacy of USC and BMSC on IBD was compared when administered in an acute DSS model in vivo. RESULTS: USC were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers but were negative for haematopoietic stem cell markers. These cells differentiated into osteo-, adipo-, and chondrogenic cell lineages. Similar to BMSC, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells was significantly inhibited when co-cultured with USC, as a consequence of Th1/Th17 immune response inhibition. Systemic administration of USC significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of colitis and increased the survival rate in both acute and chronic murine colitis models. Moreover, implantation of USC led to downregulation of the Th1/Th17 immune responses in a PGE2-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that implantation of USC reduces inflammation in an IBD rodent model via downregulation of Th1/Th17 immune responses, indicating that USC therapy serves as a potential cell-based therapeutic candidate treatment for IBD.
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Colitis/terapia , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Inmunomodulación , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/inmunología , Células Madre/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Adulto , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/inmunología , Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Colitis/fisiopatología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran , Dinoprostona/genética , Regulación hacia Abajo/inmunología , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/terapia , Activación de Linfocitos , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fitohemaglutininas/farmacología , Trasplante de Células Madre , Células Madre/fisiología , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico , Orina/citología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Increasing research indicates that hyperglycemia plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, effective treatment for preventing or slowing DN progression are seriously lacking. Although salidroside (SAL) has been demonstrated to have a positive anti-diabetic effect, the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. FG-4592, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, was used to regulate HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of SAL and FG-4592 on high glucose (HG)-induced rat glomerular endothelial cells (rGECs) injury. HG-cultured rGECs were used to induce a diabetic environment. An MTT assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent staining were performed to investigate the effects of SAL on HG-induced rGECs injury. FG-4592 and SAL protected rGECs against HG-induced injury by increasing cellular viability and reducing the cell apoptosis rate. SAL and FG-4592 downregulated PHD-2 expression and upregulated HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SAL and FG-4592 ameliorate HG-induced rGEC injury by upregulating HIF expression, indicating that SAL and FG-4592 might be favorable for further DN-treatment.
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Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/biosíntesis , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Glucosa/toxicidad , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/biosíntesis , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Glomérulos Renales/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Nefropatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/patología , Glucósidos/administración & dosificación , Glicina/administración & dosificación , Glicina/farmacología , Isoquinolinas/administración & dosificación , Glomérulos Renales/metabolismo , Glomérulos Renales/patología , Fenoles/administración & dosificación , Estabilidad Proteica , Ratas , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Currently, reliable approaches for accurate assessment of lymph node metastases (LNM), which is an important indication of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), are not available for clinically node-negative rectal cancer patients. This study aims to identify clinical factors associated with LNM and to establish a nomogram for LNM prediction in clinically node-negative rectal cancer patients. METHODS: The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) aggression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify clinical factors associated with LNM. A nomogram was established to predict the probability of LNM in clinically node-negative rectal cancer patients based on the multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: Six potential risk factors were selected on the basis of LASSO aggression analysis, and five of them were identified as independent risk factors for LNM based on multivariate analysis, including MRI-reported tumor location, clinical T classification, MRI-reported tumor diameter, white blood cell count (WBC), and preoperative elevated tumor markers. A nomogram consisting of the five clinical factors was established and showed good discrimination. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the established nomogram was reliable and accurate for LNM prediction in clinically node-negative rectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram based on five clinical factors, including MRI-reported tumor location, clinical T classification, MRI-reported tumor diameter, WBC, and preoperative elevated tumor markers, are useful for assessing LNM in clinically node-negative rectal cancer patients, which is important for preoperative CRT regimens.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Integrin α6 is overexpressed in all stages of CRC which makes it a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC. Previously, we identified an integrin α6-targeted peptide CRWYDENAC (dubbed RWY) using phage display technology and employed it for nasopharyngeal carcinoma specific nanotherapeutics. In this study, we developed a radiotracer, 18F-RWY, based on this integrin α6-targeted RWY peptide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of CRC. Integrin α6 was overexpressed on several CRC cells including HT29 cells where the biotin-labeled RWY peptide colocalized with integrin α6. 18F-RWY PET imaging was performed on subcutaneous, chemically induced, and genetically engineered CRC mice. 18F-RWY generated high PET signals in subcutaneous HT29 tumors, and the tumor uptake of 18F-RWY was reduced by a blocking study using nonradio-labeled RWY. Moreover, 18F-RWY PET imaging enabled detection of CRC in chemically induced and genetically engineered CRC mice. The overexpression of integrin α6 in tumor tissues isolated from chemically induced and genetically engineered CRC mice was confirmed. These results demonstrate the potential clinical application of 18F-RWY for PET imaging of CRC.
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BACKGROUND: This study sought to evaluate the risk factors for the development of colitis-associated neoplasia (CAN) in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: IBD patients who developed CAN between 1999 and 2016 were identified from eight medical centers. In addition to initial pathology evaluation, a CAN diagnosis was confirmed by two expert pathologists. Patients with CAN (n = 29) were compared with non-CAN controls (n = 87). Matching was performed for gender and IBD type with a ratio of three controls to one subject. RESULTS: Of the 29 patients with CAN, 8 (27.6%) had colorectal cancer (CRC), 20 (69.0%) had a final diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia and 1 (3.4%) had high-grade dysplasia. Multivariate analysis revealed that an older age at the time of IBD diagnosis and a longer IBD duration were independent risk factors for the development of CAN, with odds ratios of 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.14, P < 0.001] and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03-1.27, P = 0.013), respectively. Comparison between IBD patients with CRC and those with dysplasia indicated that the former were older at the time of IBD diagnosis (P = 0.012) and had longer IBD durations (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Older age at the time of IBD diagnosis and longer IBD duration were found to be associated with the development of CAN in IBD patients.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Increasing interest has developed in the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-induced cancer. However, whether MSCs have the ability to suppress or promote tumor development remains controversial. The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis is well known to play a critical role in the homing of MSCs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs on the tumorigenesis of IBD. METHODS: MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vector carrying either CXCR4 or green fluorescent protein (GFP). Chemotaxis and invasion assays were used to detect CXCR4 expression. A mouse model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis was established using azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The mice were divided into three groups and then injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS), MSC-GFP or MSC-CXCR4. RESULTS: Compared with the mice injected with MSC-GFP, the mice injected with MSC-CXCR4 showed relieved weight loss, longer colons, lower tumor numbers and decreased tumor load; expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation level in colon tissue was down-regulated. CONCLUSION: CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs exhibited effective anti-tumor function, which may be associated with enhanced homing to inflamed intestinal tissues.