[Research Progress of Physiologic Parameters Monitoring Technology for Critical Neonates].

Physiological parameter monitoring is essential to medical staff to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Monitoring in NICU includes basic vital signal monitoring and functional monitoring. Basic vital signal monitoring (including ECG, respiration, SpO2, blood pressure, temperature) is advanced and focus on study of usability, continuity and anti-interference. Functional monitoring (including respiratory function, circulatory function, cerebral function) still focus on study of monitoring precision and reliability. Meanwhile, video monitoring and artifact intelligence have presented well performance on improving monitoring precision and anti-interference. In this article, the main parameters and relevant measurement technology for monitoring critical neonates were described.

[Review of Physiological Parameters Monitoring Technology in the ICU].

Physiological parameters monitoring is essential to direct medical staff to evaluate, diagnose and treat critical patients quantitatively. ECG, blood pressure, SpO2, respiratory rate and body temperature are the basic vital signs of patients in the ICU. The measuring methods are relatively mature at present, and the trend is to be wireless and more accurate and comfortable. Hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism and microcirculation should be taken seriously during the treatment of acute critical patients. The related monitoring technology has made significant progress in recent years, the trend is to reduce the trauma and improve the accuracy and usability. With the development of machine vision and data fusion technology, the identification of patient behavior and deterioration has become hot topics. This review is focused on current parameters monitoring technologies, aims to provide reference for future related research.

Validation of the Mindray VS9 Vital Signs Monitor in a combined adult and pediatric population according to ISO Standard 81060-2:2018.

We aimed to validate the accuracy of the Mindray VS9 Vital Signs Monitor, which features the Mindray TrueBP inflation algorithm for oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurement, to check if it complies with the International Organization for Standardization Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) in a combined adult and pediatric population. A total of 86 participants, including both adult and pediatric subjects, were recruited. The distribution of their ages, gender, BPs and limb sizes all complied with the requirement of the ISO standard. The inflation and deflation algorithms were validated independently using the same-arm sequential BP measurement method. For each subject, the BP was first determined by two independent observers using a mercury sphygmomanometer (R1). The BP of the subject was then determined by the third observer using the test equipment (T1). Then, using a mercury sphygmomanometer, two independent observers were asked to determine the subject's BP (R2) again. R1-T1-R2 were considered a valid pair of data. This cycle continued until 3 pairs of valid data were achieved. We collected 258 pairs of valid BP data for the validation of the inflation and deflation algorithms respectively. For validation Criterion 1, the mean ± SD of the differences between the readings obtained from the test device and reference BP was 0.0 ±â€…6.6/-1.8 ±â€…7.1 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the deflation algorithm was used, and 2.4 ±â€…6.3/ 0.3 ±â€…6.9 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the inflation algorithm was used. For validation Criterion 2, the SD of the averaged BP differences between the test device and the reference BP per subject was 5.35/6.33 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the deflation algorithm was used, and 5.17/5.75 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) when the inflation algorithm was used. The VS9 Vital Signs Monitor fulfilled all the criteria in the ISO Standard. Moreover, the inflation algorithm had a shorter Measure Time (by 7-21 s) and lower maximum inflation pressure (by 9.7-22 mmHg). The VS9 Vital Signs Monitor fulfilled all the requirements of the ISO Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) in a combined adult and pediatric population and is recommended for clinical use.

Distribution of trace metals and the benthic foraminiferal assemblage as a characterization of the environment in the north Minjiang River Estuary (Fujian, China).

A study of the total benthic foraminifera was carried out in 173 surficial sediment samples collected from the north Minjiang River Estuary and two bays. Foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by Ammonia tepida and subordinately by Elphidium advenum. Trace metal analyses reveal that the study area is unpolluted to moderately polluted with As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The metal distribution has an affinity with fine-grained sediment. Five metal groups are recognized based on their distribution patterns: (1) As, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ni, V, and Zn, (2) Hg, Pb, and Sb, (3) Ba and Zr, (4) Rb and Y, and (5) Sr. The species-environment relationship showed that the species composition is adversely influenced by Cr, Cu, Ga, Pb, Rb, Zn, and Zr, whereas sand may exert a positive influence on Quinqueloculina. This study supports the adaptability of using benthic foraminifera as bio-monitors of trace metal pollution in marginal marine environments.

Assessment of the impacts of trace metals on benthic foraminifera in surface sediments from the northwestern Taiwan Strait.

The distribution patterns of foraminiferal assemblages in relation to trace metals, sediment grain size, and calcium carbonate were studied in 232 surface sediments collected from the northwestern Taiwan Strait. Multivariate analyses of biotic and abiotic data revealed a separation of near-shore, coastal, and deep-water zones. The modified degree of contamination suggested that the overall contamination was very low to low. Trace metals were enriched in the near-shore and outside bays. Their distribution was likely determined by sediment transport pathways and hydrodynamic conditions. High metal concentrations co-occurred with a low density and diversity of foraminiferal assemblages. Pb, Ba, organic carbon, Ga, Zn, Cu, and Co had a positive correlation with near-shore assemblage, whereas Cr and Ni positively related to the deep-water assemblages. Some calcareous foraminifera were favored by CaCO3, Sr, and sand. This study highlights species' responses that are specific to environmental variables.