[Paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: report of 5 cases and review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (PER). METHODS: We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 5 cases of PER treated from 1997 to 2009 and reviewed the relevant literature, focusing on its clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: The 5 cases of PER, 2 involving the spermatic cord, 2 the testis and 1 the tunica vaginalis, were all treated by radical orchiectomy. Pathologically, 2 cases were classified as stage I, 1 as stage II and 2 as stage IV. Postoperatively, 2 of the patients received chemotherapy and the other 3 refused adjunctive therapy. The patients were followed up for 6, 12, 18 and 28 months, respectively. Four of them remained free from relapse and metastasis, and 1 stage IV patient died of multiple metastasis at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis, radical orchiectomy and adjunctive chemo- or radio-therapy are effective means to the treatment of PER.

Transurethral front-firing Greenlight bladder autoaugmentation for bladder contracture: technique and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel transurethral front-firing Greenlight bladder autoaugmentation for the treatment of bladder contracture and report initial clinical outcomes. METHODS: Between April 2014 and August 2015, five patients diagnosed with contracted bladder were all refractory to conservative treatment and received novel transurethral autoaugmentation. CT scan and urodynamics examination were conducted before operation for disease assessment. Mucosal and muscular layers of bladder wall in fundus were incised vertically and horizontally with front-firing Greenlight laser to enlarge bladder capacity in the operation. Imaging examination and periodical urodynamics study were performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the procedure in postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: Transurethral front-firing Greenlight bladder autoaugmentation was performed successfully on all the patients. The mean operative time was 59 min (range 52-65 min) with no significant blood loss. Urodynamic parameters of these patients after operation improved significantly compared with those before operation. Average maximum cystometric capacity (Vmax) increased from 91.2 to 333 ml (p < 0.01), average maximum flow rate (Qmax) ascended from 12.6 to 18.62 ml/min (p < 0.01), and average flow rate (Q(ave)) also increased from 5.74 to 13.18 ml/min (p < 0.01). At the last follow-up, all the patients could void spontaneously with good bladder emptying and their symptoms improved significantly. CONCLUSION: Our novel transurethral front-firing Greenlight bladder autoaugmentation is a safe and effective treatment for contracted bladders. Future studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm our findings.