Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white spot lesions in vitro and clinical research: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review with meta-analyses sought to answer whether casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) provided a remineralizing benefit superior to that of nonintervention or placebo. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, Cochrane databases, PubMed, EmBase, and Ovid up to May 20th, 2019, were scanned, only published in English. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished independently by two reviewers. The "Criteria for judging risk of bias in the 'Risk of bias' assessment tool" was used for methodological quality assessment. The continuous data was analyzed by mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Outcome variables include quantitative light-induced fluorescence in clinical research, average surface roughness and surface microhardness in vitro. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (SMD = - 0.43, 95% CI: [- 0.79, - 0.07], P = 0.02), average surface roughness (SMD = - 8.21, 95% CI: [- 10.37, - 6.04], P < 0.01), Vickers microhardness (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: [0.72, 1.66], P < 0.01), and Knoop microhardness (SMD = 3.52, 95% CI: [2.68, 4.36], P < 0.01) between the CPP-ACP and control groups or baseline. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this meta-analysis, CPP-ACP exhibited excellent remineralization effects evaluated in clinical research and in vitro, indicating outstanding restoration of form, aesthetics, and function in treating white spot lesions.

Expression and clinical contribution of MRGD mRNA in non-small cell lung cancers.

PURPOSE: MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor, member D (MRGD) has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis in vivo. However, the clinical role of MRGD in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclarified. The purpose of the current study was to detect the expression of MRGD mRNA in NSCLC formalin-fixed (FF), paraffin-embedded (PE) tissues and to investigate the clinicopathological significance of the MRGD level in NSCLC patients. METHODS: The expression of MRGD mRNA was examined in 125 NSCLC tissue samples together with paired para-noncancerous FF/PE tissues by using real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the relationship between MRGD level and clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC was analyzed. RESULTS: The average level of MRGD in NSCLC tumor tissues (1.0682±0.6096) was remarkably higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous lung tissue (0.3994±0.2838, p<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of MRGD mRNA was 0.853 (95% CI: 0.808-0.898, p(0.001). Moreover, the level of MRGD mRNA was found to be correlated to lymph node metastasis (r=0.219, p=0.014), tumor size (r=0.221, p=0.013) and clinical TNM stage (r=0.187, p=0.037). Finally, the survival of patients in high MGRD expression group was 7.94±9.85 months, remarkably shorter than that of the low expression group (20.84±1.19 months, p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: MRGD may be a vital diagnostic and prognostic factor in NSCLC. MRGD possesses the potential to become a new target for the molecular therapy of NSCLC.

Aberrant expression of CDK5 infers poor outcomes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

PURPOSE: Aberrant expression of CDK5 involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition had been reported in various types of cancers, but its functions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma have not been fully clarified yet. The principal purpose of this research was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of CDK5 and its potential effect on NPC carcinogenesis. METHODS: Pre-treated formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of 393 patients between January 2011 and December 2013 were collected for tissue microarrays (TMAs). Immunohistochemistry was performed on sequential TMA sections stained with antibodies against CDK5, EGFR and P53. RESULTS: The expression of CDK5 in NPC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal nasopharyngeal tissues. Among squamous carcinomas, the expression of CDK5 in undifferentiated tissues was noticeably increased compared with that in differentiated tissues. NPC patients in advanced T category showed a perceptibly higher level of CDK5 than those in early T category. The relative level of CDK5 in NPC sufferers with lymph node metastasis was obviously higher than that of patients without. Compared with patients in early TNM stages, the relative expression level of CDK5 of those in advanced TNM stages was notably up-regulated. Moreover, the CDK5 expression was positively correlated with EGFR and P53 expression. Nevertheless, no significant association was observed between CDK5 and gender, age or histological type. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of CDK5 might be considered as a warning signal for NPC. Consequently, CDK5 could serve as a potential target for diagnosis and gene therapy for NPC patients.

Clinical implication of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

UNLABELLED: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver, is associated with high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Emerging evidence showed that novel biomarkers are required toward a better understanding of the biological mechanisms of HCC. NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1, also known as MENε/ß), a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), serves as a crucial regulator in several cancers. However, the correlation between NEAT1 expression with tumorigenesis and metastasis in HCC tissues remains out of the question so far. In the current study, the aim was to evaluate the potential role of NEAT1 expression in HCC tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. METHOD: The expression of NEAT1 was detected by qRT-PCR, in 95 cases of adjacent non-cancerous liver and their paired HCC tissues, respectively. The associations of NEAT1 with clinicopathological features and other biological factors were further analyzed. RESULT: Our results revealed that NEAT1 appeared to have higher expression in the HCC tissues, compared with the adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues. High levels of NEAT1 promoted the clinical features of HCC, including the number of tumor nodes, metastasis, clinical TNM stage, the status of portal vein tumor embolus, vaso-invasion and the infiltration of tumor cells. Additionally, high NEAT1 expression levels were significantly associated with the expression level of MDTH, NM23 and MALAT1. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that NEAT1 acts as a pivotal player in tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Upregulation and clinicopathological significance of long non-coding NEAT1 RNA in NSCLC tissues.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have shown that nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), a long non- coding RNA (lncRNA), contributes to the precise control of gene expression and is related to several human malignancies. However, limited data are available on the expression and function of NEAT1 in lung cancer. The major objective of the current study was to profile the expression and clinicopathological significance of NEAT1 in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: NEAT1 expression in 125 NSCLC cases and paired adjacent non-cancer tissues was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Relationships between NEAT1 and clinicopathological factors were also investigated. RESULTS: The relative level of NEAT1 was 6.98±3.74 in NSCLC tissues, significantly elevated as compared to that of the adjacent non-cancer lung tissues (4.83±2.98, p<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of high expression of NEAT1 to diagnose NSCLC was 0.684 (95% CI: 0.619~0.750, p<0.001). NEAT1 expression was positively correlated with patient age (r=-2.007, p=0.047), lymphatic metastasis (r=-2.731, p=0.007), vascular invasion (r=-3.617, p=0.001) and clinical TNM stage (r=-4.134, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that NEAT1 might be associated with oncogenesis and progression in NSCLC, and suggests application in molecular targeted therapy.

Overexpression and clinicopathological contribution of DcR3 in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues.

BACKGROUND: To explore the expression of DcR3 protein and its clinicopathological significance in bladder urothelial carcinomas (BUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of DcR3, caspase-3, Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67, PCNA and P53 in 166 BUC and 56 normal bladder tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of DcR3 in the supernatants of cultured BUC cells. RESULTS: Overexpression of DcR3 was found in BUC tissues and cell lines, with significant elevation as compared to normal bladder tissues (p<0.0001). Higher DcR3 expression was related to the status of invasion, lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Furthermore, DcR3 expression was negatively correlated with caspase-3 and positively associated with Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67 labeling index (LI), PCNA LI and P53 (all p<0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DcR3 may play a crucial role as an oncogene in tumorigenesis, deterioration and progress of BUC via influencing related pathways of apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. The detection of DcR3 protein in the formalin- fixed and paraffin-embedded samples could assist to predict in prognosis of BUC patients.

Primary urinary bladder adenosquamous carcinoma complicated with lower limb deep venous thromboses: a case report.

Primary urinary bladder adenosquamous carcinoma is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in English literatures. Its biological behavior remains unclear. Here we reported a 60-year-old male patient with lower limb deep venous thromboses associated with primary urinary bladder adenosquamous carcinoma. A color ultrasonography showed right stock total venous thrombosis and right great saphenous vein thrombosis of lower limb. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a 3.17 × 3.33 × 3.84 cm enhancing mass within the urinary bladder along the right lateral and posterior wall. Histopathological examination revealed adenosquamous carcinoma of urinary bladder, with extensive infiltration of the muscle layer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of primary urinary bladder adenosquamous carcinoma complicated with deep venous thromboses in lower limb.