Jet-Origin Identification and Its Application at an Electron-Positron Higgs Factory.

To enhance the scientific discovery power of high-energy collider experiments, we propose and realize the concept of jet-origin identification that categorizes jets into five quark species (b,c,s,u,d), five antiquarks (b[over ¯],c[over ¯],s[over ¯],u[over ¯],d[over ¯]), and the gluon. Using state-of-the-art algorithms and simulated νν[over ¯]H,H→jj events at 240 GeV center-of-mass energy at the electron-positron Higgs factory, the jet-origin identification simultaneously reaches jet flavor tagging efficiencies ranging from 67% to 92% for bottom, charm, and strange quarks and jet charge flip rates of 7%-24% for all quark species. We apply the jet-origin identification to Higgs rare and exotic decay measurements at the nominal luminosity of the Circular Electron Positron Collider and conclude that the upper limits on the branching ratios of H→ss[over ¯],uu[over ¯],dd[over ¯] and H→sb,db,uc,ds can be determined to 2×10^{-4} to 1×10^{-3} at 95% confidence level. The derived upper limit for H→ss[over ¯] decay is approximately 3 times the prediction of the standard model.

Porous superabsorbent composites prepared from aqueous foam template and application evaluation.

Rapid water absorption is very important for the application of superabsorbent polymers under dry or semi-dry conditions, but there are currently few relevant studies. In this context, a novel porous superabsorbent of chitosan-grafted acrylic copolymer-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid/sapindus mukorossi pericarp/calcined oil shale semi-coke (CS-g-P(AA-co-AMPS)/SMP/COSSC) was prepared by a green and convenient foam template method, which was triggered by redox polymerization. The rich pore structure of the porous superabsorbent was conducive to accelerating the water absorption rate. It only took 15 min to reach a swelling capacity of 650 g g-1 in distilled water. Soil experiments show that even with the addition of 0.5 wt% porous superabsorbent, the soil water retention time can be extended to 7 days. Finally, it was applied to the growth of cabbage seeds and it was found that the growth was significantly improved. Based on these excellent properties, we expect to provide a valuable reference for the preparation of fast-absorbing materials through the green water-based foam template method, contributing to sustainable agriculture.

Bistatic Radar Cooperative Imaging Based on Complementary Random Waveform.

The cooperative imaging of the bistatic radar is an important research topic for missile-borne radar detection. The existing missile-borne radar detection system is mainly based on the target plot information separately extracted by each radar for data level fusion, without considering the gain brought by the cooperative processing of the radar target echo signal. In this paper, a random frequency-hopping waveform is designed for the bistatic radar to achieve efficient motion compensation. A coherent processing algorithm for bistatic echo signals is designed to achieve band fusion and improve the signal quality and range resolution of the radar. Simulation and high-frequency electromagnetic calculation data were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Fabrication porous adsorbents templated from aqueous foams using astragalus membranaceus and attapulgite as stabilizer for efficient removal of cationic dyes.

The water-based foam stabilized by the natural surfactant applied in the fabrication of porous materials has attracted extensive attention, as the advantages of cleanness, convenience and low cost. Particularly, the development of a green preparation method has became the main research focus and frontier. In this work, a green liquid foam with high stability was prepared by synergistic stabilization of natural plant astragalus membranaceus (AMS) and attapulgite (APT), and then a novel porous material with sufficient hierarchical pore structure was templated from the foam via a simple free radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM). The characterization results revealed that the amphiphilic molecules from AMS adsorbed onto the water-air interface and formed a protective shell to prevent the bubble breakup, and APT gathered in the plateau border and formed a three-dimensional network structure, which greatly slowed down the drainage rate. The porous material polyacrylamide/astragalus membranaceus/attapulgite (PAM/AMS/APT) showed the excellent adsorption performance for cationic dyes of Methyl Violet (MV) and Methylene Blue (MB) in water, and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach to 709.13 and 703.30 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the polymer material enabled to regenerate and cycle via a convenient calcination process, and the adsorption capacity was still higher than 200 mg/g after five cycles. In short, this research provided a new idea for the green preparation of porous materials and the treatment of water pollution.

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II).

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treatment have displayed a vast prospect, as the high surface area, abundant porous structure, convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance. But the tedious fabrication process, high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely. Herein, a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pickering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure. The Pickering MIPEs synergistically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC), which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation, and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability. The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure, which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption, and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage. The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25°C, respectively. Overall, this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.

Removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution by using porous adsorbent templated from eco-friendly Pickering aqueous foams.

The aqueous foam template without any solvent and only using the particles stabilizer has attracted much attention for preparation of the porous adsorbents. Herein, a novel porous adsorbent was fabricated via thermal-initiated polymerization of Pickering aqueous foams, which was stabilized by the natural sepiolite (Sep) and pine pollen, and utilized for the removal of antibiotic from aqueous solution. The stabilizing mechanism of Pickering aqueous foam of that the Sep was modified with the leaching substance from pine pollen and arranged orderly around the bubble to form a dense "shell" structure was revealed. The adsorbents possessed the hierarchical porous structure and excellent adsorption performance for antibiotic of chlorotetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CTC and TC were achieved with 465.59 and 330.59 mg/g within 60 min at 25°C, respectively. The adsorption process obeyed Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. This work provided eco-friendly approach for fabricate porous adsorbents for wastewater treatment.

Preparation of porous adsorbent via Pickering emulsion template for water treatment: A review.

Porous materials as emerging potential adsorbents have received much more attention because they are capable of capturing various pollutants with fast adsorption rate, high adsorption capacity, good selectivity and excellent reusability. In order to prepare porous materials with decent porous structure, Pickering emulsion template method has been proved to be one of the most effective technologies to create pore structure. This paper reviewed comprehensively the latest research progress on the preparation of porous materials from various Pickering emulsions and their applications in the decontamination of pollutants (e.g., heavy metal ions, organic pollutants) and in the oil/water separation. It was expected that the summaries and discussions in this review will provide insights into the design and fabrication of new efficient porous adsorbents, and also give us a better understanding of the subject.

Designing Waveform Sets with Good Correlation and Stopband Properties for MIMO Radar via the Gradient-Based Method.

Waveform sets with good correlation and/or stopband properties have received extensive attention and been widely used in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. In this paper, we aim at designing unimodular waveform sets with good correlation and stopband properties. To formulate the problem, we construct two criteria to measure the correlation and stopband properties and then establish an unconstrained problem in the frequency domain. After deducing the phase gradient and the step size, an efficient gradient-based algorithm with monotonicity is proposed to minimize the objective function directly. For the design problem without considering the correlation weights, we develop a simplified algorithm, which only requires a few fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations and is more efficient. Because both of the algorithms can be implemented via the FFT operations and the Hadamard product, they are computationally efficient and can be used to design waveform sets with a large waveform number and waveform length. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms can provide better performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of the computational complexity.

FGG-NUFFT-Based Method for Near-Field 3-D Imaging Using Millimeter Waves.

In this paper, to deal with the concealed target detection problem, an accurate and efficient algorithm for near-field millimeter wave three-dimensional (3-D) imaging is proposed that uses a two-dimensional (2-D) plane antenna array. First, a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed on the scattered data along the antenna array plane. Then, a phase shift is performed to compensate for the spherical wave effect. Finally, fast Gaussian gridding based nonuniform FFT (FGG-NUFFT) combined with 2-D inverse FFT (IFFT) is performed on the nonuniform 3-D spatial spectrum in the frequency wavenumber domain to achieve 3-D imaging. The conventional method for near-field 3-D imaging uses Stolt interpolation to obtain uniform spatial spectrum samples and performs 3-D IFFT to reconstruct a 3-D image. Compared with the conventional method, our FGG-NUFFT based method is comparable in both efficiency and accuracy in the full sampled case and can obtain more accurate images with less clutter and fewer noisy artifacts in the down-sampled case, which are good properties for practical applications. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FGG-NUFFT-based near-field 3-D imaging algorithm can have better imaging performance than the conventional method for down-sampled measurements.

Research and application of kapok fiber as an absorbing material: a mini review.

Kapok fiber corresponds to the seed hairs of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra), and is a typical cellulosic fiber with the features of thin cell wall, large lumen, low density and hydrophobic-oleophilic properties. As a type of renewable natural plant fiber, kapok fiber is abundant, biocompatible and biodegradable, and its full exploration and potential application have received increasing attention in both academic and industrial fields. Based on the structure and properties of kapok fiber, this review provides a summary of recent research on kapok fiber including chemical and physical treatments, kapok fiber-based composite materials, and the application of kapok fiber as an absorbent material for oils, metal ions, dyes, and sound, with special attention to its use as an oil-absorbing material, one predominant application of kapok fiber in the coming future.

Fabrication of Porous Adsorbents Templated from Capillary Foam Stabilized with Chlorella for Highly Efficient Removal of Cationic Dyes.

The thermodynamic instability of conventional aqueous foam-stabilized surfactants is a critical bottleneck in the construction of porous materials. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for preparing a capillary foam based on Chlorella and utilizing it as a template for constructing porous materials with high-efficiency adsorption. The capillary foam was stabilized by Chlorella particles enclosed within a gel network of oil bridges connecting the particles (capillary suspension). Chlorella particles, which act as stable particles, form oil bridges and are distributed at the phase interface of the capillary foam. These particles exhibited resistance to shear forces, allowing the formation of a long-term stable capillary foam. Using this foam as a template, a porous material with outstanding adsorption performance for Methylene Blue (MB) and Brilliant Green (BG) dyes was successfully constructed. Additionally, the material exhibited a sustained high adsorption performance even after five thermal regeneration-adsorption cycles. In conclusion, this study presents a green and straightforward method for constructing capillary foams with high stability, which is a promising approach for developing porous materials with exceptional adsorption and regeneration properties for dyes.

Comprehensive kinetic modeling and product distribution for pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge.

Pyrolysis holds immense potential for clean treatment of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), enabling efficient energy and chemical recovery. However, current understanding of PPMS pyrolysis kinetics and product characteristics remains incomplete. This study conducted detailed modeling of pyrolysis kinetics for two typical PPMSs from a wastepaper pulp and paper mill, namely, deinking sludge (PPMS-DS) and sewage sludge (PPMS-SS), and analyzed comprehensively pyrolysis products. The results show that apparent activation energy of PPMS-DS (169.25-226.82 kJ/mol) and PPMS-SS (189.29-411.21 kJ/mol) pyrolysis undergoes significant change, with numerous parallel reactions present. A distributed activation energy model with dual logistic distributions proves to be suitable for modeling thermal decomposition kinetics of both PPMS-DS and PPMS-SS, with coefficient of determination >0.999 and relative root mean square error <1.99 %. High temperature promotes decomposition of solid organic materials in PPMS, and maximum tar yield for both PPMS-DS (53.90 wt%, daf) and PPMS-SS (56.48 wt%, daf) is achieved at around 500 °C. Higher levels of styrene (24.45 % for PPMS-DS and 14.71 % for PPMS-SS) and ethylbenzene (8.61 % for PPMS-DS and 8.33 % for PPMS-SS) are detected in tar and could be used as chemicals. This work shows great potential to propel development of PPMS pyrolysis technology, enabling green and sustainable production in pulp and paper industry.

Experimental study of therapy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or muscle-like cells/calcium alginate composite gel for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the myoblast formation around the urethra and increase in urethral resistance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or muscle-like cells/calcium alginate composite gel injection therapy and effect on LPP in SUI rat model. METHODS: Isolation, cultivation, and identification of SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell were performed. 5-Azacytidine was introduced to induce muscle-like cells. SUI was produced in 72 6-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into four groups: stem cell-gel group, muscle-like cell-gel group, Gel group, and mock control group. One, 4, and 8 weeks after injection, the leak point pressure (LPP) was measured. HE staining of Desmin and α-skeletal muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed. RESULTS: At 4 and 8 weeks after injection in stem cell-gel group and muscle-like cell-gel group, growth of blood vessels gradually increased at gel edge, BMSC, and muscle-like cells gathered around the new blood vessels observed by fluorescence tracer, muscle-like cells grew into elongated spindle-like cells, Desmin, and α-SMA staining were obviously positive expression. LPP determinations of the mock control group compared with the Gel groups were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Compound of BMSC, muscle-like cells, and calcium alginate composite gel has the potential to differentiate into muscle cells in the microenvironment of SUI rat model. It is found by LPP measurement that the correlation between the increase in urethral resistance and the volume effect of calcium alginate gel is high.

Incorporation of clay minerals into magnesium phosphate bone cement for enhancing mechanical strength and bioactivity.

The poor mechanical strength and bioactivity of magnesium phosphate bone cements (MPCs) are the vital defects for bone reconstruction. Clay minerals have been widely used in biomedical field due to the good reinforcing property and cytocompatibility. Here, laponite, sepiolite or halloysite were incorporated to fabricate MPCs composite, and the composition, microstructure, setting time, compressive strength, thermal stability, degradation performance,in vitrobioactivity and cell viability of MPCs composite were investigated. The results suggested that the MPCs composite possessed appropriate setting time, high mechanical strength and good thermal stability. By contrast, MPCs composite containing 3.0 wt.% of sepiolite presented the highest compressive strength (33.45 ± 2.87 MPa) and the best thermal stability. The degradation ratio of MPCs composite was slightly slower than that of MPCs, and varied in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer solution. Therefore, the obtained MPCs composite with excellent bioactivity and cell viability was expected to meet the clinical requirements for filling bone defect.

Fabrication of porous adsorbent by quinoa husk stabilized foam templates for dye adsorption and carbonization for soil remediation.

In this study, a novel adsorbent with a sufficient porous structure was fabricated using a green and highly stable water-based foam template. This template was stabilized with agricultural waste quinoa husk (QH) and applied to remove dye pollutants in wastewater. The porous adsorbent exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 740.95 mg/g for methylene blue and 1022.1 mg/g for methyl violet. The adsorption process was well described by the Langmuir-Freundlich model and the pseudo second-order kinetic model. A sustainable concept for handling the spent adsorbent was also proposed, involving its conversion into biochar and safe return to the soil. An additional benefit was observed, as the biochar effectively adjusted the physicochemical properties of the soil and improved crop growth with the addition of 1 wt%. The potential application of porous adsorbent in wastewater treatment and the reference of sustainable strategy for disposing of other adsorbents are both noteworthy.

Threaded 3D microfluidic paper analytical device-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for background-free and visual detection of organophosphorus pesticides.

With the increasing concerns of food safety and environmental protection, it is desirable to develop reliable, effective, and portable sensors for detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Here, a cascade reaction system integrated with threaded 3D microfluidic paper analytical device (3D µPAD) was firstly developed for background-free and visual detection of OPs in agricultural samples. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) hydrolyzed acetylcholine into thiocholine (TCh), which reduced MnO2 nanosheets into Mn2+. With addition of OPs, BChE activity was irreversibly inhibited, and the generation of TCh and the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets were prevented. Then the remaining MnO2 nanosheets oxidized o-phenylenediamine into 2,3-diaminophenazine with yellow-emission fluorescence, which quenched the fluorescence intensity of red-emission carbon dots (RCDs) via inner-filter effect. Based on above mechanism, a ratiometric fluorescent system was established for OPs detection. Threaded 3D µPAD consisted of 4 layers, which allowed to load and/or add reagents to trigger the cascade reaction system for OPs detection. The fluorescent images presented distinguishable color variations from red to yellow with dichlorvos concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 120 µg L-1, and the limit of detection was 1.0 µg L-1. In the practical samples testing, threaded 3D µPAD can eliminate background influence on fluorescent signal for OPs detection. Threaded 3D µPAD integrated with ratiometric sensing platform has merits of accuracy response, facile operation, and background-free detection, which supplies a new alternative approach for on-site pesticide detection.

Application effect of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil intravenous inhalation anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the application effect of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil intravenous inhalation anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of cervical cancer (LRHCC). METHODS: The clinical data of 127 patients with cervical cancer (CC) who received LRHCC in Henan Provincial People's Hospital during January 2017 and June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 60 patients anesthetized by propofol combined with remifentanil were assigned to the control group (Con group), while the rest 67 anesthetized by sevoflurane combined with remifentanil to the research group (Res group). The following items of the two groups were compared: the changes of heart rate and blood pressure before anesthesia (T0), at 30 min after anesthesia (T1) and 10 min after surgery (T2), anesthetic effect, stress substance contents, anesthesia recovery, changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and adverse reactions. RESULTS: The heart rate and blood pressure at T1 and T2 were notably different between the two groups (P<0.05). In contrast to the Con group, the Res group showed a greatly better recovery effect of anesthesia and presented notably lower levels of adrenaline and GLU (all P<0.05). 10 min after surgery, the Con group showed lower levels of BDNF and NGF than the Con group. After surgery, the MMSE scores in the Res group were higher than that of the Con group, and the two groups had no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: In contrast to propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia, intravenous inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane combined with remifentanil can exert a stronger anesthetic effect in patients receiving LRHCC, with a high safety.

Slow Release and Water Retention Performance of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Fulvic Acid/Oil Shale Semicoke Superabsorbent Composites.

In order to achieve the low cost and multifunction of superabsorbent composites, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/fulvic acid/oil shale semicoke (PAMFS) were prepared by free radical copolymerization of fulvic acid (FA), oil shale semicoke (OSSC), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM). The characterization results revealed that FA and OSSC were involved in the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network via hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. The water absorbency of PAMFS in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution were 724 and 98 g/g, respectively. The FA slow release of PAMFS in distilled water and soil was achieved due to the interaction between FA and the functional groups of polymer matrix by hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. Furthermore, the potted experiment indicated that the addition of PAMFS to soil can significantly promote plant growth compared with the pure soil, regardless of water stress. Therefore, this superabsorbent composite showed an excellent water absorption and salt resistance performance, as well as nice slow release performance. It has a broad application prospect.

Recovering metal ions from oxalic acid leaching palygorskite-rich clay wastewater to fabricate layered mixed metal oxide/carbon composites for high-efficient removing Congo red.

This study developed a sustainable way to transform metallic residues in wastewater and spent adsorbents that adsorbed organic pollutants into novel high-efficiency adsorbents to treat water pollution again. The metal ions recovered from oxalic acid leaching palygorskite-rich clay wastewater was used to construct the hydrotalcite-like composites, after adsorbing organic pollutants, which was calcined and carbonized to convert into the mixed metal oxide/carbon composites (MMO/Cs). The fabricated MMO/Cs showed outstanding adsorption performance for the anionic azo dye Congo Red (CR). Especially, the MMO/C2 with the M2+/M3+ molar ratio of 2, which adjusted by supplementing Mg2+, had ultra-high adsorption capacity and ultra-clean removal efficiency for CR. The adsorption capacity was as high as 3303 mg/g, and only 0.5 g/L MMO/C2 dosing treatment for 6 h could completely decolor and remove the 2000 mg/L CR aqueous solution. Moreover, MMO/Cs exhibited the ability to simultaneous remove CR and Methylene blue (MB) mixed dye contaminants, and demonstrated the excellent recyclability. This work provides a promising method for the high-value conversion of waste resources and the synthesis of high-efficiency adsorbents.

3D origami paper-based ratiometric fluorescent microfluidic device for visual point-of-care detection of alkaline phosphatase and butyrylcholinesterase.

On-site multiplex enzyme detection is crucial for diagnosis, therapeutics and prognostic. To date, it is still a daunting challenge to develop portable, low-cost, and efficient multi-enzyme detection methods. Herein, a novel sample-in-result-out platform integrating ratiometric fluorescent assays with 3D origami microfluidic paper-based device (µPAD) was developed for simultaneous visual point-of-care testing (POCT) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Cascade catalytic reaction with the same two fluorescent signal indicators was rationally designed to ratiometric fluorescent detection of ALP and BChE: substrate of ALP (pyrophosphate) and product of BChE (thiocholine) can strongly complex with Cu2+, Cu2+ oxidizes o-phenylenediamine to fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) (emission, 565 nm), oxOPD quenches the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs, emission at 445 nm) via inner filter effect, thus oxOPD/CDs values are relevant to ALP and BChE activities. Then 3D origami µPAD composing of four layers and two parallel channels was fabricated and simply prepared by one-step plotting with black oil-based marker and specific metal molds. After simple folding and unfolding neighboring layers to sequentially initiate reactions of pre-loaded reagents, fluorescent images on the detection zone can be captured by smartphone and analyzed by red-green-blue software for quantitative analysis. Under optimal conditions, the proposed platform was successfully performed to detect ALP and BChE with activity difference at 3 orders of magnitude in human serum samples without any pretreatment procedures. Excellent selectivity, good precision, favorable linear range, and high accuracy were exhibited. Importantly, the platform opens a promising horizon for high-throughput POCT of multiplex biomarkers.