The outcomes of three buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty techniques in women with urethral stricture disease.

AIM: The purpose of this paper is to present the outcomes of three buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty techniques in female patients with urethral strictures. METHODS: We included all patients who had BMG urethroplasty for female urethral strictures (FUS) disease between January 2015 and June 2020. Patient age, comorbidities, stricture etiology, stricture length, the number of previous treatments, preoperative and postoperative uroflowmetry data, postvoid residual volumes, and the operation and postoperative course details were documented. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were included in this study. There were 8 patients in vaginal-sparing inlay BMG, 12 for ventral onlay BMG, and 14 for Aybek-Zumrutbas (AZ) technique groups. The mean age of the study population was 56.1 years. The length of urethral strictures varied between one and 4.5 cm. All patients had a previous history of endoscopic treatment or dilatations. The preoperative mean maximal flow rate (Qmax) was 6.9 ml/s. The median postoperative follow-up time was 24.6 months. Twelve months after surgery, the mean Qmax was 25 (range: 14-32) ml/s. There were no significant complications in any patients. The success rates were 83.3% for ventral onlay BMG, 87.5% for vaginal-sparing, and 100% for AZ technique. CONCLUSIONS: All three BMG urethroplasty techniques applied in this study had a success rate of over 80% in a median follow-up of approximately 2 years. In females, urethroplasty with BMG provided high rates of cure, and the recently described two techniques (vaginal-sparing inlay BMG, and AZ technique) showed promise in FUS treatment.

Importance of emergency department waiting period in Fournier's Gangrene; 10 years of experience.

BACKGROUND: Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a disease with high mortality rate. The first diagnosis is performed in the emergency department (ED). In this study, we investigated the importance of the time period for diagnosis in the ED. METHODS: The data of patients who were treated for FG between 1 January 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Waiting period of the patients in ED was calculated. Risk factor score calculations were calculated to predict FG mortality and prognosis. The effects of the ED waiting period on the duration of admission to the hospital, the number of debridements and mortality status and relationship with FG mortality risk factor scores were investigated. RESULTS: In a 10-year period, a total of 66 patients were included in the study. It was found that the median age of the patients was 56 years. ED waiting period median (IQR) was 105 (115) minutes. It was observed that there was a significant positive correlation between the ED waiting period, duration of admission to hospital (rs: 0.537, P < .001) and patients mortality status (rs: 0.482, P < .001). The ED waiting period was higher in patients with FG mortality. It was observed that the ED waiting period holds a diagnostic value in predicting mortality (P < .001). The cut-off limit predicted for this value was determined as 136 minutes. CONCLUSION: FG is a urological emergency. ED waiting period affects mortality rate and length of hospital stay. The earlier the diagnosis and treatment is conducted in the ED, the lower the mortality rate and length of stay in the hospital will be.

The outcomes of Kulkarni's one-stage oral mucosa graft urethroplasty in patients with panurethral stricture: a single centre experience.

PURPOSE: To present the results of our one-stage oral mucosa graft urethroplasty series for panurethral strictures. METHODS: We included the first 35 patients who had one stage oral mucosa graft urethroplasty with one side dissection of the urethra which was described by Kulkarni, between January 2015 and June 2018 and had at least 6 months follow-up. From the first case, all data were recorded prospectively and patient age, etiology of the stricture, comorbidities, previous treatments, postoperative maximal flow rate, pre and post-operative erectile function, perioperative and postoperative complications and quality of life questionnaire for this study. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 58.8 and mean stricture length was 13.6 (10-16) cm. Patients had previously 1-17 procedures. Patients had a mean peak flow rate of 25.4 ml/sec at the first postoperative visit. During the follow-up period, six patients had recurrence and managed with urethral dilation (1), direct vision internal urethrotomy (2), meatoplasty (1) and re-urethroplasty (2). The responses to the questions about satisfaction from the surgery showed that 31 (88.6%) patients were satisfied with the surgery, 33 (94.3%) would prefer this procedure again, if needed, and 31 (88.6%) patients recommended this procedure to others. When patients were grouped according to age, recurrence rate was 35.7% in patients older than 65 years and 4.8% in patients ≤ 65 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that Kulkarni's one-stage oral mucosa graft urethroplasty technique has a high success rate. The patient satisfaction is high because of the good functional outcomes and low complication rate.

Prostate cancer incidence and diagnosis in men with PSA levels >20 ng/ml: is it possible to decrease the number of biopsy cores?

OBJECTIVES: To define if less number of cores would be sufficient to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) in men with PSA levels >20 ng/ml and to reveal the cancer detection rates in this population. METHODS: The data of the men who had 12-core prostate biopsy with a PSA value >20 ng/mg were reviewed. We recorded age, prostate volume, PSA level, and pathology report findings. Patients grouped according to PSA levels and compared for PCa detection rates, and several parameters. We created 16 prostate biopsy scenarios (S1-S16) and applied these to our database to find out the best biopsy protocol to detect PCa. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients with a mean age of 70.5 (47-91) years were included. Mean PSA level was 190.6 (20-5474) ng/ml. PCa detection rates were 55.3%, 81.0%, and 97.7% in patients with PSA levels 20-49.99, 50-99.99, and ≥100 ng/ml, respectively. PSA level was correlated to clinically more important digital rectal examination findings. We selected 2 cores in S1-S6, 4 cores in S7-S12, and 6 cores in S13-S16. We calculated the sensitivity of each scenario and found that all scenarios in PSA Group 3 had a sensitivity >95%. In Group 2, S8, S10, S13, and S14 and in Group 1, only S14 had sensitivity >95%. CONCLUSIONS: It is not necessary to take 10-12 core biopsy samples in men with PSA levels >20 ng/ml. We recommend taking 2, 4, and 6 samples for patients with PSA levels ≥100 ng/ml, 50-99.99 ng/ml, and 20-49.99 ng/ml, respectively.

Female buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty: a new modified ventral onlay "AZ" technique.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: To present the surgical details and the outcomes of our modified ventral onlay buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty technique in female patients with urethral strictures. METHODS: We included the first seven female patients who had BMG urethroplasty between January 2015 and April 2019 and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Patient age, stricture length, comorbidities, number of previous treatments, pre- and postoperative uroflowmetry data, and post-void residual volumes were recorded. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 56.7 (44-80) years. The mean stricture length was 3.1 (2-4) cm. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 23 (7-48) months. The preoperative mean maximal flow rate (Qmax) was 5.1 (3.2-9.5) ml/s and post-void residual urine volume (PVR) was 84.4 (37-158) ml. At the 3rd month after surgery, mean Qmax was 31.8 (24.7-36.2) ml/s, and PVR volume was 7.1 (0-16) ml. Three patients had the postoperative 2-year follow-up, and 12th and 24th month mean Qmax values were 28 (23.6-33.2) ml/s and 28.5 (24.1-31.1) ml/s, respectively. The mean operation time was 63.8 (55-113) min. We did not observe any infection, vaginal erosion, urinary incontinence, or oral discomfort due to graft harvesting postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Female urethroplasty provides high cure rates and should be performed in case of recurrent FUS. The early and medium-term results of our modified new technique indicated that it might be used as a simple alternative to current techniques. In all of our patients, it significantly increased the flow rate and reduced PVR without any significant complications.

Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT and Multiparametric MRI for Locoregional Staging of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The objective of this work was to assess the value of 68Ga-DOTAGA-(3-iodo-y)fk(Sub-KuE) positron emission tomography (68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for preoperative staging in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) by validating with postoperative histopathology data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively investigated 30 consecutive PCa patients who had both mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT before laparoscopic RP. The seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), bladder neck invasion (BNI), and extracapsular extension (ECE) were investigated separately. The diagnostic performances of mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT were assessed using histopathological results. RESULTS: Both mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT were not statistically significant in the evaluation of SVI, BNI, and ECE preoperatively but had statistically significant results in the assessment of LNM. mp-MRI had higher overall sensitivity for ECE, overall specificity for SVI, ECE, and BNI, and positive predictive value for ECE, SVI, BNI. 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT had higher overall sensitivity for BNI, and negative predictive value for BNI and LNM. CONCLUSION: mp-MRI has superior specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for assessing ECE and SVI. Both imaging modalities had similar specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for determining BNI. However, both imaging modalities had low diagnostic accuracy for LNM on histopathology.

The effect of SWL and URS on health-related quality of life in proximal ureteral stones.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the effect of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for the treatment of proximal ureteral stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 2014 and July 2015, patients with proximal ureteral stones who were successfully treated with URS or SWL in seven different centers were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to stone size: stones ≤10 mm and >10 mm. HRQoL subscales which were evaluated by the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36-item survey (SF-36) Turkish version were compared for URS and SWL in these two groups one month after the performed procedure. RESULTS: A total of 273 patients were included in the study. While 116 (52.5%) patients were treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy, SWL was used for 105 (47.5%) patients. Fifty-two patients were excluded from the study. In proximal ureteral stones ≤10 mm, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the eight subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire. Regarding stones >10 mm, it was found that the three subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire - role limitations because of physical health problems (RP), bodily pain (BP), and general health perception (GH) - were significantly lower in the SWL group compared with the URS group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with proximal ureteral stones >10 mm who were treated with URS generally may have a more favorable HRQoL than those treated with SWL in short-term follow-up.

The use of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder: Can we predict the patients who will be resistant to treatment?

AIMS: The main objective of this study was to define urinary biomarkers that can predict the severity of overactive bladder and detect patients who would benefit most from treatment. METHODS: Patients with an OAB diagnosis and healthy controls were included in the study. A bladder diary and a validated OAB questionnaire were given to all patients. In the OAB group, solifenacin 5 mg daily was given for 1 month. Urine samples were taken before the treatment and after the first month of the treatment in both groups and urinary BDNF, NGF, GAG, and MCP-1 levels were measured. RESULTS: A total of 45 OAB patients and 45 healthy age-matched controls were included. BDNF/Cre, NGF/Cre, MCP-1/Cre, and GAG/Cre levels were significantly higher in the OAB group. The levels of these biomarkers significantly decreased after 1 month of solifenacin treatment. After treatment, 66.7% of patients OAB symptoms were relieved and 33.3% did not respond to the treatment. Although basal biomarker levels did not differ between responder and non-responder groups, the ratio of decrease in biomarker levels was significantly higher in treatment-sensitive patients. Postmenopausal women were more resistant to treatment when compared with the premenopausal group. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary biomarkers have a role in the pathophysiology of OAB however they did not predict the patients who would benefit from the treatment and in whom antimuscarinics would be useless. Future studies with higher numbers of patients and different OAB subgroups are needed to investigate the exact role of these (and other) biomarkers. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:390-393, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Which patient should start empirical antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infection in emergency departments?

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the factors that would lead the doctors in EDs to a more the accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) and the correct initiation of empirical antibiotherapy in the emergency room and reduce the use of unnecessary antibiotherapy. METHODS: This study is a prospective observational study from a single-center, investigating patients with an age of 18 years and older who presented to the emergency department (ED) with the symptoms of UTI between January and May 2018. The guiding parameters to establish a UTI diagnosis and start an empirical antibiotherapy were investigated between the negative (Group 1) and positive (>103 colonies) (Group 2) groups, as a result of urine culture in terms of urine culture. RESULTS: Our study included a total of 108 patients (59 women and 49 men). The average age was 47.11 ± 14.97. Age and gender were similar among the groups and not a discriminating factor in the diagnosis of UTI. High Charlson Comorbidity Index score, history of chronic kidney failure and cerebrovascular disease, leukocyte esterase, nitrite positivity, and leukocyte cluster presence were higher in Group 2. We suggest that these parameters might be predictive values to detect bacterial growth in urine culture. Empirical antibiotherapy was started in 48.4% of the patients in Group 1 and 95.7% of the patients in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In EDs, admission complaints of the patients and physical examination findings do not always result in the diagnosis of UTI. Our study showed that UTI diagnosis could be made more accurately using leukocyte esterase, nitrite positivity, the presence of leukocyte clusters, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index score. We also suggest that regional antibiotic resistance should be considered before starting empirical antibiotherapy.

Is There a Correlation Between Behçet Disease and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms?

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with Behçet disease (BD) and to investigate the relationship between the severity of BD and LUTS. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with BD were included in this study from January to December 2018. All patients received a detailed urological evaluation. Additionally, BD activity was investigated using the Behçet Disease Current Activation Form. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form, 8-item overactive bladder questionnaire forms, uroflowmetry, and postvoid residual urine volume were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 42.6 years. The mean activity score of BD was 4.6±3.2 and the mean IPSS score was 7.3±7.3. Sex had no significant effect on the BD activity score. The BD activity score was significantly correlated with the IPSS score, frequency of daytime urination, nocturia, and urgency. It was also correlated with the presence and the severity of urinary incontinence and the effect of urinary incontinence on daily life. Peak flow rate, voided volume, and the postvoid residual urine volume were not correlated with the BD activity score. CONCLUSION: LUTS were highly prevalent in patients with BD, and the severity and current activity of BD were correlated with frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urinary incontinence. Therefore, a urological evaluation of patients with BD in whom the activity and severity of the disease is elevated should be carried out comprehensively and patients should be managed accordingly.

The relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), diagnostic indicators of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and erectile dysfunction in patients with moderate to severely symptomatic BPH.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), different diagnostic indicators of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a selected group of BPH patients with moderate-or-severe symptoms, for whom either transurethral or open prostatectomy was planned. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2006, 453 patients were included in this study. LUTS and ED were assessed by validated symptom scales. Maximum and average urine flow rates and post-void residual urine volumes (PVRU) of all patients were measured. Additionally, prostate volumes for all patients were detected with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). RESULTS: The incidence of LUTS and ED increased significantly with aging (P < 0.001). ED was reported to be 36% in men with moderate LUTS and 94% in men with severe LUTS (P < 0.001). The odds ratio for ED was 28.7 for severe LUTS. When age, IPSS, and IIEF scores were analyzed we observed that the occurrence of LUTS is an age-independent risk factor for the development of ED (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between IIEF score, Q (max) (r = 0.441, P < 0.001), and Q (ave) (r = 0.326, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation was found between IIEF score, prostate volume (r = -0.299, P < 0.001), and PVRU (r = -0.486, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of LUTS, particularly severe LUTS, is an independent risk factor for ED. It is crucial to assess ED of the patient before BPH surgery, otherwise ED may be regarded as an outcome of the surgery rather than a preoperative, already existing condition.

Can feeling of incomplete bladder emptying reflect significant postvoid residual urine? Is it reliable as a symptom solely?

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to reveal the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and post-void residual (PVR) urine volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2014 and February 2015, older than 40 years patients were included in this study. Volunteers filled out a questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications, history of surgery and LUTS. Volunteers were undergone PVR measurement with transabdominal ultrasonography. The relationship between symptoms, demographic characteristics and PVR were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 939 patients (756 men and 183 women) were enrolled in this study. There was a positive correlation between the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying and PVR volume in all age groups of women (p=0.0001). However such a relationship was found only over the age of 60 in the subgroup analysis of men (p=0.001). PVR volume increased in men by age (0.65 mL per year of age, p=0.011). In men, voiding symptoms and urgency were associated with a high PVR volume. In women, storage and voiding symptoms (except slow stream and terminal dribble) did not correlate with PVR volume. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that all men over the age of 60 years and all women with the complaint of feeling of incomplete emptying should undergone PVR measurement. Women with the complaint of poor stream and men mainly with voiding symptoms are other candidates in whom PVR measurement would be considered as an important tool in the clinical management and follow-up.

The renoprotective effects of mannitol and udenafil in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of udenafil and mannitol in an experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 female Wister Albino rats were used. Right nephrectomy was performed in all groups. In the control group; I/R injury was not performed. In the I/R group; left renal pedicle was clamped for 45 minutes and then underwent 60 minutes and 24 hours of reperfusion. In the mannitol group; 1 mL 20% mannitol was given intravenously 15 minutes before clamping. In the udenafil group; 10-mg/kg udenafil was given orally 1 hour before clamping. Creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cr clearance, malondialdehyde, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), histological examination and DNA damage (Comet Assay method) levels were compared in tissue, serum and urine samples. RESULTS: Udenafil had a better protective effect than mannitol according to biochemical parameters (Cr, BUN, Cr clearance, and NGAL levels) and histopathological findings when compared with the I/R group. In the Comet sampling analysis no significant difference was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Udenafil has a better renoprotective effect than mannitol against I/R injury and this effect supports more functional improvements. Further clinical trials are needed to demonstrate those effects and clinical utility of udenafil for that purpose in humans.

A rare cause of ureteral injuries; simultaneous common iliac artery and ureter injury during posterior lumbar disc surgery.

Major vascular injuries during lumbar disc surgery are rare but well-recognized complications. However, vascular injuries of the branches of the aorta and ureteral injuries are very rare. Although its incidence is not known definitely, it is estimated to be 1/1000. Ureteral injuries comprise less than 1% of all genitourinary traumas. In this article, we report clinical progress of a patient who had simultaneous internal iliac artery and ureteral injury during lumbar discectomy. The patient was managed with primary ureteroureterostomy. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported with simultaneous ureter and iliac artery trauma during lumbar disc surgery.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Rare Bleeding Disorders: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Surgery in patients with congenital or acquired coagulation defects has always been challenging and requires special care with a multidisciplinary approach. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard procedure performed in patients with kidney stones. Although prone to bleeding more than most of the widely performed surgical procedures, there are not much data regarding PCNL in patients with bleeding disorders or coagulation defects. There are only case reports or series with a small number of patients for the patients with common coagulation defects, including hemophilias. Moreover, there are no reports about PCNL in rare bleeding disorders. In this study, we reported a case referred for kidney stone treatment and diagnosed as Factor VII deficiency during preoperative evaluation. Because it is one of the rare bleeding disorders, we also reviewed the literature in this field.

The Prevalence of Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria: Can New Cutoff Values Be Suggested According to Age and Sex?

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of nocturia and nocturnal polyuria (NP) and to define new cutoff values according to age and sex for both conditions. METHODS: Data from a population-based prevalence survey conducted among a random sample of 2,128 adults were analyzed in this study. Participants were requested to fill out a questionnaire including the International Continence Society (ICS) definitions of lower urinary tract symptoms and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form. Additionally, a 1-day bladder diary was given to each individual. The participants were divided into 5 age groups. The prevalence of nocturia was calculated based on definitions of nocturia as ≥1 voiding episodes, ≥2 episodes, and ≥3 episodes. NP was evaluated according to the ICS definition. The mean±standard errors and 95th percentile values were calculated in each group as new cutoff values for NP. RESULTS: The prevalence of nocturia was estimated as 28.4%, 17.6%, and 8.9% for ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 voiding episodes each night, respectively. When nocturia was defined as 2 or more voiding episodes at night, the prevalence decreased significantly. The mean NP index was 29.4%±15.0% in men and 23.1%±11.8% in women. For the age groups of <50 years, 50-59 years, and ≥60 years, the new cutoff values for the diagnosis of NP were calculated as 48%, 69%, and 59% for men and 41%, 50%, and 42% for women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the definition of nocturia was still controversial and that waking up once for voiding might be within the normal spectrum of behavior. The definition of NP should be modified, and new cutoff values should be defined using the data presented in our study and in other forthcoming studies.

Assessment of Proportion of Hidden Patients Having Symptoms of Overactive Bladder and Why Has It Been Hidden in Female Outpatients Admitted to Hospital.

PURPOSE: To determine the proportion of patients with undetected symptoms of overactive bladder by using the overactive bladder-validated 8 (OAB-V8) screening questionnaire and investigate these symptoms were undetected in female patients who were hospitalized. METHODS: We invited 2,250 female patients hospitalized in the Aegean region of Turkey to answer a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on evidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (OAB-V8), relevant medical history, and demographic data. Patients with a total OAB-V8 score≥8 were defined as having OAB symptoms. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with OAB symptoms in this study was 40.6%. Nearly 57% of the patients with OAB symptoms had not been previously admitted to any hospital for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The two most common reasons why women with OAB symptoms did not admit themselves to a hospital because of LUTS were as follows: "I did not think I had a disease" and "The symptoms did not bother me," with a response rate of 74.7%. The mean OAB-V8 scores of the patients with these two responses were significantly lower than those of the other patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate a significant proportion of women with undetected OAB symptoms. The main reasons the women did not admit themselves to a hospital were their unawareness of the disease and because the LUTS were not bothersome. Public awareness programs on this disease may resolve this problem.

Optic-guided vaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The transvaginal approach for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) can sometimes be challenging, especially in fistulas located near the vaginal cuff. We describe a simple technique for the vaginal repair of VVF with the use of endoscopic optics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three women were admitted to our department with urinary incontinence after total hysterectomy. Assessment with a clinical examination, imaging, and cystoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of VVF. All patients were operated on between December 2012 and January 2013. The operations were conducted under spinal anesthesia with the patients in the lithotomy position. Cystoscopy was performed and retrograde pyelography ruled out any ureteral damage or fistula. A 10F to 12F Foley catheter was inserted into the fistula. From this point, the operation proceeded with optic vision, mimicking laparoscopic dissection and suturing techniques using a standard 5 mm, 30-degree optic lens, a surgical monitor, and open surgical instruments. The fistula was circumferentially incised and widely mobilized from the surrounding tissues and closed without tension in two layers. A urethral Foley catheter was inserted and maintained for 14 days. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 70 (range 60-80) minutes. Estimated blood loss was minimal. All patients were discharged at postoperative day 1. No complications were observed. At the postoperative first and third month follow-up visits, all patients were voiding without any urinary leakage or complaints. CONCLUSIONS: The use of optics in the vaginal repair of VVF is a useful technique. Optic guidance facilitates surgical vision, dissection, and hemostasis. It is also excellent for surgeon comfort, ergonomics, and resident training.

Prevalence of daytime urinary incontinence and related risk factors in primary school children in Turkey.

PURPOSE: Urinary incontinence is one of the major urinary symptoms in children and adolescents and can lead to major distress for the affected children and their parents. In accordance with the definitions of the Standardization Committee of the International Children's Continence Society, daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is uncontrollable leakage of urine during the day. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of DUI in Turkish primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic variables and the voiding habits of the children, was completed by the parents of 2,353 children who were attending primary school in Denizli, a developing city of Turkey. The children's voiding habits were evaluated by use of the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptoms Score, which is a validated questionnaire. Children with a history of neurological or urological diseases were excluded. RESULTS: The participation rate was 91.9% (2,164 people). The overall prevalence of DUI was 8.0%. The incidence of DUI tended to decrease with increasing age and was not significantly different between genders (boys, 8.8%; girls, 7.3%; p=0.062). Age, maternal education level, family history of daytime wetting, settlement (urban/rural), history of constipation, urinary tract infection, and urgency were independent risk factors of DUI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that DUI is a common health problem in primary school children. In an effort to increase awareness of children's voiding problems and the risk factors for urinary dysfunction in the population, educational programs and larger school-based screening should be carried out, especially in regions with low socioeconomic status.

Optimizing individual treatment outcomes in men with lower urinary tract symptoms using storage subscale score/total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) as a new IPSS ratio.

BACKGROUND/AIM: To evaluate the effects of the storage/total International Prostate Symptom Score (s/T) ratio on the selection and success of medical therapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 54 men (>45 years of age) with moderate or severe LUTS were divided into 2 groups according to the s/T ratio: Group 1 at <0.43 and Group 2 at >0.43. Tamsulosin (0.4 mg to Group 1) and tolterodine ER (4 mg to Group 2) were administered. Patients were evaluated during the 1st and 3rd months of follow-up treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (68.5%) and 17 (31.5%) patients were in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean s/T ratios in Groups 1 and 2 increased to 0.38 ± 0.19 from 0.33 ± 0.08 (P = 0.03) and decreased to 0.54 ± 0.18 from 0.59 ± 0.1 (P = 0.17) during the 3rd month of follow-up, respectively. The treatment success rates of Groups 1 and 2 were 88.4% and 75.7%, respectively. Nine unsuccessful cases were treated with combination therapy and the treatment success was 86.6% at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The s/T ratio is effective to determine symptom dominance in men with LUTS and can guide medical treatment selection through better identification of symptoms.