[Psychiatric Disorders in Pediatric Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Reference Hospital]. / Trastornos psiquiátricos en pacientes pediátricos con lupus eritematoso sistémico en un hospital de referencia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the psychiatric manifestations in pediatric patients with systemic erythematous lupus seen in the Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia. METHODS: Observational descriptive study. Medical charts and test results of inpatients and outpatients between 2007 and2013 were reviewed; 39 patients were selected. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was considered with P=.05. RESULTS: Mean age was 13.7 (2.33), with 78.9% female. The most frequent psychiatric manifestation was anxiety (52.6%), followed by adjustment disorder and depression (36.8% each one), psychosis (10%), conversion disorder (7.9%), and obsessive compulsive disorder (5.3%). The mean SLICC score was 2.76 (2.8), and the mean SLEDAI score was 20.81 (20.82). Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 81.25%. Neuropsychiatric lupus was diagnosed in 65.8% of patients; seizures were observed in 23.7%, headache in 36.8%, stroke in 13.2%, vasculitis, chorea 5.3%, and meningitis 5.3% of patients. The mean time from lupus diagnosis was 20.47 (22.2) months, with the shortest period for adjustment disorder and the longest period in patients with conversion disorder (pseudo-seizures) being 15 months and 31 months, respectively. The highest SLEDAI score was in patients with psychosis (35.5 [16.21] vs 19.08 [13.72]; P=.032), and also the highest disease damage (SLICC, 4.25 [4.03] vs 2.58 [2.67]; P=.27) in comparison with the other manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent psychiatric manifestations were anxiety, depression, and adjustment disorder, with a higher frequency than other studies, and with lupus activity principally in patients with psychosis.

Risk factors for neuropsychiatric manifestations in children with systemic lupus erythematosus: case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in children with systemic lupus erythematosus cause high morbidity and disability. This study analyzed risk factors associated with neuropsychiatric presentation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus aged <18 years. METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Medical record information of patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus who were hospitalized with or without neuropsychiatric symptoms was collected between March 2007 and January 2012. Clinical variables, laboratory examinations, neuroimages, and disease activity (Systemic Erythematosus Lupus Disease Activity Index) and damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics) indices were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients were selected, 30 with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The patients' average age was 12.2 years. The most common neuropsychiatric symptoms were seizures, migraine, and depression. The average Systemic Erythematosus Lupus Disease Activity Index was 19.86 (S.D. 10.83) and the average Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics index was 2.02 (S.D. 2.43), with higher values in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms (P = 0.001). The levels of complement C3 and C4 were significantly higher in patients with a neuropsychiatric disorder (P = 0.003). Lupus anticoagulant was found in 51.5% of patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-10.0). Immunosuppression with azathioprine, rituximab, or cyclophosphamide delayed the time to neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus development by 18.5 months (95% confidence interval, 10.6-26.5) compared to patients who did not receive these agents. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of lupus anticoagulant was a risk factor in our patients. The use of immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and azathioprine, delayed the presentation of neuropsychiatric manifestations of lupus.

Trastornos psiquiátricos en pacientes pediátricos con lupus eritematoso sistémico en un hospital de referencia / Psychiatric Disorders in Pediatric Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Reference Hospital

Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones psiquiátricas de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico atendidos en la Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se revisaron historias clínicas y paraclínicos de pacientes hospitalarios y ambulatorios (2007-2013). Se seleccionó a 39 pacientes. Se utilizó SPSS19 para el análisis estadístico. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: La media de edad era 13,7 ± 2,33 (7-17) años; el 78,9% eran mujeres. Las manifestaciones psiquiátricas fueron trastorno de ansiedad (52,6%), trastorno adaptativo y depresión (el 36,8% cada uno), psicosis (10%), trastorno conversivo (7,9%) y trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (5,3%). La puntuación SLICC media fue 2,76 ± 2,8 y la SLEDAI, 20,81 ± 20,82. Los anticuerpos antinucleares fueron positivos en el 81,25%. El 65,8% tenía diagnóstico de lupus neuropsiquiátrico, el 23,7% con crisis epilépticas, el 36,8% con cefalea, el 13,2% con accidente cerebrovascular, y vasculitis, corea y meningitis (el 5,3% cada una). El tiempo promedio desde el diagnóstico fue 20,47 ± 22,2 meses, mínimo para trastorno adaptativo (15 meses) y máximo para trastorno conversivo (seudocrisis) (31 meses). Los pacientes con psicosis presentaron las más altas puntuaciones de actividad lúpica (35,5 ± 16,21 frente a 19,08 ± 13,72; p = 0,032) y daño por la enfermedad (SLICC, 4,25 ± 4,03 frente a 2,58 ± 2,67; p = 0,27) en comparación con otros diagnósticos. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones psiquiátricas más frecuentes fueron trastorno de ansiedad, adaptativo y depresión, con frecuencias mayores que lo reportado en otras poblaciones. Se demostró actividad lúpica principalmente en los pacientes con psicosis.

Objective: To describe the psychiatric manifestations in pediatric patients with systemic erythematous lupus seen in the Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia. Methods: Observational descriptive study. Medical charts and test results of inpatients and outpatients between 2007 and2013 were reviewed; 39 patients were selected. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was considered with P= .05. Results: Mean age was 13.7 (2.33), with 78.9% female. The most frequent psychiatric manifestation was anxiety (52.6%), followed by adjustment disorder and depression (36.8% each one), psychosis (10%), conversion disorder (7.9%), and obsessive compulsive disorder (5.3%). The mean SLICC score was 2.76 (2.8), and the mean SLEDAI score was 20.81 (20.82). Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 81.25%. Neuropsychiatric lupus was diagnosed in 65.8% of patients; seizures were observed in 23.7%, headache in 36.8%, stroke in 13.2%, vasculitis, chorea 5.3%, and meningitis 5.3% of patients. The mean time from lupus diagnosis was 20.47 (22.2) months, with the shortest period for adjustment disorder and the longest period in patients with conversion disorder (pseudo-seizures) being 15 months and 31 months, respectively. The highest SLEDAI score was in patients with psychosis (35.5 [16.21] vs 19.08 [13.72]; P = .032), and also the highest disease damage (SLICC, 4.25 [4.03] vs 2.58 [2.67]; P = .27) in comparison with the other manifestations. Conclusions: The most frequent psychiatric manifestations were anxiety, depression, and adjustment disorder, with a higher frequency than other studies, and with lupus activity principally in patients with psychosis.