Efficacy of ILIB on periodontal clinical parameters and glycemic control in patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes-randomized clinical trial.

Our study aimed to study the efficacy of ILIB on periodontal parameters and glycemic control in patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes. Twenty-one patients in a randomized clinical trial were divided into 2 groups: control group (CG), conventional periodontal therapy, and test group (TG), conventional periodontal treatment associated with 10 laser applications by the ILIB-Modified (ILIB-M) technique. Fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 4 months (T4). Regarding periodontal parameters, the intragroup analysis showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) between baseline and T4, for the VPI, GBI, BOP, PD, and CAL indexes. However, in the intergroup analysis, no statistically significant improvements (p > 0.05) were observed between the TG and CG for the VPI, GBI, BOP, PD, and CAL indexes. Regarding HbA1C and fasting blood glucose values, no statistically significant improvements were observed in intergroup and intragroup analyses (p > 0.05). The Modified ILIB did not improve the periodontal clinical parameters and glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes.

Local delivery of a CXCR3 antagonist decreases the progression of bone resorption induced by LPS injection in a murine model.

OBJECTIVES: This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of locally delivered nanoparticles (AMG-487 NP) containing a CXCR3 antagonist in inhibiting the progression of LPS-induced inflammation, osteoclastic activity, and bone resorption on a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty, 7-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were used. Inflammatory bone loss was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P.g.-LPS) injections between the first and second maxillary molars, bilaterally, twice a week for 6 weeks (n = 20). AMG-487 NP were incorporated into a liposome carrier and locally delivered on sites where P.g.-LPS was injected. Control mice (n = 10) were injected with vehicle only. Experimental groups included (1) control, (2) LPS, and (3) LPS + NP. At the end of 1 and 6 weeks, mice were euthanized, maxillae harvested, fixed, and stored for further analysis. RESULTS: Volumetric bone loss analysis revealed, at 1 week, an increase in bone loss in the LPS group (47.9%) compared to control (27.4%) and LPS + NP (27.8%) groups. H&E staining demonstrated reduced inflammatory infiltrate in the LPS + NP group compared to LPS group. At 6 weeks, volumetric bone loss increased in all groups; however, treatment with the CXCR3 antagonist (LPS + NP) significantly reduced bone loss compared to the LPS group. CXCR3 antagonist treatment significantly reduced osteoclast numbers when compared to LPS group at 1 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that local delivery of a CXCR antagonist, via nanoparticles, in a bone resorption model, induced by LPS injection, was effective in reducing inflammation, osteoclast numbers, and bone loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CXCR3 blockade can be regarded as a novel target for therapeutic intervention of bone loss. It can be a safe and convenient method for periodontitis treatment or prevention applicable in clinical practice.

"Evaluation of 4 and 8 weeks of healing in a murine implant model".

Dental implants are increasing in prevalence as desirable options for replacing missing teeth. Unfortunately, implants come with complications, and animal models are crucial to studying the pathophysiology of complications. Current murine model experiments can be lengthy, with eight weeks of extraction socket healing before implant placement. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of decreasing extraction healing time from eight to four weeks in a dental implant mouse model. Thirty-one three-week-old C57BL/6J male mice underwent maxillary first and second molar extractions followed by eight (control) or four (test) weeks of extraction socket healing before implant placement. Mice were euthanized after four weeks of implant osseointegration. Samples were analyzed via microcomputed tomography and histology. When mice received implants four weeks following extractions, there was no statistical difference in initial bone crest remodeling or surrounding bone volume compared to those after eight weeks of healing. Histologically, the hard and soft tissues surrounding both groups of implants displayed similar alveolar bone levels, inflammatory infiltrate, osteoclast count, and collagen organization. A four-week extraction healing period can be utilized without concern for osseointegration in a murine implant model and is a viable experimental alternative to the previous eight weeks of healing. While small animal implant models are less directly applicable to humans, advancements in experimental methods will ultimately benefit patients receiving dental implants through improved prevention and treatment of complications. Subsequent research could investigate occlusal effects or whether healing time affects prognosis following induction of peri-implantitis.

Experimental Model of Ligature-Induced Peri-Implantitis in Mice.

Dental implants have a high success and survival rate. However, complications such as peri-implantitis (PI) are highly challenging to treat. PI is characterized by inflammation in the tissues around dental implants with progressive loss of supporting bone. To optimize dental implants' longevity in terms of health and functionality, it is crucial to understand the peri-implantitis pathophysiology. In this regard, using mouse models in research has proven clear benefits in recreating clinical circumstances. This study aimed to describe an experimental model of ligature-induced peri-implantitis in mice and determine whether there is effectiveness in inducing this disease, given the observed bone and tissue changes. The experimental peri-implantitis induction comprehends the following steps: teeth extraction, implant placement, and ligature-inducted PI. A sample of eighteen 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice was divided into two groups, ligature (N=9) and control non-ligature (N=9). The evaluation of clinical, radiographical, and histological factors was performed. The ligature group showed significantly higher bone loss, increased soft tissue edema, and apical epithelial migration than the non-ligature group. It was concluded that this pre-clinical model can successfully induce peri-implantitis in mice.

Evaluation of periodontal parameters on abutment teeth rehabilitated with single-unit crowns: A 12-month follow-up.

Purpose: This prospective study evaluated the effects of the metal-free crowns on the periodontal tissues of abutment teeth during a 12-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: A sample of 24 patients (N = 32 abutment teeth) who needed a single-tooth restoration were enrolled to receive either a metal-ceramic (n = 21) or lithium disilicate (n = 11). The single-unit crowns were evaluated at baseline, 3-and 12-month follow-up. The periodontal parameters were evaluated: plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), radiographically and clinical crown fitting, bone resorption, and marginal finish lines. Statistical analyses were performed using the Exact Fisher and Mann-Whitney tests, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post hoc test for Friedman (95 % confidence interval). Results: The marginal finish line showed a statistical difference with a biomaterial type (p =.004). After a 12-months, a significant increase was observed in PI and mean PD for abutment teeth of metal-ceramic crowns. The metal-free crowns presented higher values for GBI and CAL (p2 < 0.05). Only distal cervical evaluation and dental biofilm formation in the abutment teeth showed a statistical difference between the groups at the 12-month follow-up. The supragingival margin metal-ceramic group revealed higher PI values (p2 = 0.005) between the period and the subgingival margin of both biomaterials showed greater GBI scores (p2 < 0.05). Conclusions: Metal-free crowns showed better periodontal outcomes compared to metal-ceramic crowns. Single-unit crown marginal location affects the periodontal tissue condition of the abutment teeth. The marginal fit was not changed regarding the biomaterial type.

Saliva as a possible tool for the SARS-CoV-2 detection: A review.

BACKGROUND: Salivary tests for the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis have been suggested as alternative methods for the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal tests. METHOD: Two reviewers independently performed a search in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies that used saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The search strategy was: ("saliva") and ("SARS-CoV-2" or "coronavirus" or "COVID-1"). RESULTS: A total of 363 studies were identified and 39 were selected for review. Salivary samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection was as consistent and sensitive as the nasopharyngeal swabs in most studies, having been effective in detecting asymptomatic infections previously tested negative in nasopharyngeal samples. Viral nucleic acids found in saliva obtained from the duct of the salivary gland may indicate infection in that gland. Live viruses could be detected in saliva by viral culture. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary samples show great potential in SARS-CoV-2 detection and may be recommended as a simple and non-invasive alternative.

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary GSH and MDA levels in patients with periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (AlClPc) on several periodontal parameters includingsalivary glutathione (GSH) and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in periodontal sites presenting with periodontitis. Randomized clinical trial, comprising 40 test group (TG) sites and 23 control group (CG) sites. The TG was treated with scaling and root planning (SRP) and aPDT, and CG, only with SRP. Visible plaque index [VPI], gingival bleeding index [GBI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD] and clinical attachment level [CAL] were calculated and saliva samples were taken at baseline (T0), three (T3) and six months (T6). Data was analyzed by the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. An intragroup analysis indicated significant differences at T3 and T6 for GBI, CAL and GSH only in the CG (p < 0.05). For BOP, a significant decrease was observed only in the TG between T0 and T6 (p = 0.008). No significant differences were observed for VPI, BOP and MDA. In the intergroup analysis, significant differences were observed for GBI at T6 (p = 0.041), and for GSH at T3 (p = 0.031), being higher in the TG. Although aPDT with AlClPc did not present statistically proven benefits, but the employed periodontal treatment resulted in decreased BOP, PD, CAL and MDA after 3 and 6 months of treatment. In addition, the lower need for glutathione production may initially suggest an additional benefit of AlClPc aPDT in the early reestablishment of the balance between oxidative and non-oxidative agents related to oxidative stress.