Clinical and organizational risk factors for mortality during deterioration events among pediatric oncology patients in Latin America: A multicenter prospective cohort.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized pediatric hematology-oncology (PHO) patients have frequent clinical deterioration events (CDE) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, particularly in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study was to describe CDEs in hospitalized PHO patients in Latin America and to identify event-level and center-level risk factors for mortality. METHODS: In 2017, the authors implemented a prospective registry of CDEs, defined as unplanned transfers to a higher level of care, use of ICU-level interventions on the floor, or nonpalliative floor deaths, in 16 PHO centers in 10 countries. PHO hospital admissions and hospital inpatient days were also reported. This study analyzes the first year of registry data (June 2017 to May 2018). RESULTS: Among 16 centers, 553 CDEs were reported in PHO patients during 11,536 admissions and 119,414 inpatient days (4.63 per 1000 inpatient days). Event mortality was 29% (1.33 per 1000 inpatient days) but ranged widely across centers (11%-79% or 0.36-5.80 per 1000 inpatient days). Significant risk factors for event mortality included requiring any ICU-level intervention on the floor and not being transferred to a higher level of care. Events with organ dysfunction, a higher severity of illness, and a requirement for ICU intervention had higher mortality. In center-level analysis, hospitals with a higher volume of PHO patients, less floor use of ICU intervention, lower severity of illness on transfer, and lower rates of floor cardiopulmonary arrest had lower event mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized PHO patients who experience CDEs in resource-limited settings frequently require floor-based ICU interventions and have high mortality. Modifiable hospital practices around the escalation of care for these high-risk patients may contribute to poor outcomes. Earlier recognition of critical illness and timely ICU transfer may improve survival in hospitalized children with cancer.

Method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in a complex sediment matrix.

The Xochimilco area in the southeastern part of Mexico City has a variety of socioeconomic activities, such as periurban agriculture, which is of great importance in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Pesticides are used extensively, some being legal, mostly chlorpyrifos and malathion, and some illegal, mostly DDT. Sediments are a common sink for pesticides in aquatic systems near agricultural areas, and Xochimilco sediments have a complex composition with high contents of organic matter and clay that are ideal adsorption sites for organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. Therefore, it is important to have a quick, affordable, and reliable method to determine these pesticides. Conventional methods for the determination of OC and OP pesticides are long, laborious, and costly owing to the high volume of solvents and adsorbents. The present study developed and validated a method for determining 18 OC and five OP pesticides in sediments with high organic and clay contents. In contrast with other methods described in the literature, this method allows isolation of the 23 pesticides with a 12 min microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and one-step cleanup of pesticides. The method developed is a simpler, time-saving procedure that uses only 3.5 g of dry sediment. The use of MAE eliminates excessive handling and the possible loss of analytes. It was shown that the use of LC-Si cartridges with hexane-ethyl acetate (75+25, v/v) in the cleanup procedure recovered all pesticides with rates between 70 and 120%. The validation parameters demonstrated good performance of the method, with intermediate precision ranging from 7.3 to 17.0%, HorRat indexes all below 0.5, and tests of accuracy with the 23 pesticides at three concentration levels demonstrating recoveries ranging from 74 to 114% and RSDs from 3.3 to 12.7%.

Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) Oil from Native Seeds from Four Provenances of Guatemala.

INTRODUCTION: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a plant from the Lamiaceae family that has been used as ancestral food, medicine, and oil, with culinary, artistic, and religious purposes by most of the Mesoamerican civilizations. Native from Mesoamerica, introduced into South America, Australia, and Europe, it is presently consumed as a nutritional and functional food. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to characterize ancient native cultivars from four provenances in Guatemala to recommend their direct consumption by the population as well as to establish its trade. METHOD: Seed samples were collected in four places where they have been cultivated for several generations. The oil was obtained by expression and analyzed chemically by gas chromatography following standard qualitative and quantitative methods. RESULTS: Variations in oil yield and some of the characteristic parameters of the phytochemical analysis were obtained. In general, the profile was similar to most of the reported data in the literature, with the saturated fatty acids (8.54-9.25%) relatively lower than the references (7.95-11.45%) but a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty oils, particularly of omega-3 (64.68-68.62%). CONCLUSION: The oil from native cultivars contains high quantities of omega-3, which might help pregnant women during gestation and to control other conditions such as metabolic syndrome, particularly in low- and middle-income populations where these seeds are consumed regularly. The suggestion is made to encourage the cultivation and use of these ancestral seeds with the possibility of commercialization abroad with an appellation of origin label.

Gold for the generation and control of fluxional barbaralyl cations.

The frog prince with his two identities pales in comparison with the shape-shifting barbaralyl cation, which exists as a mixture of 181,400 degenerate forms. Gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of 7-alkynyl cyclohepta-1,3,5-trienes were found to proceed via fluxional barbaralyl intermediates. The evolution of the intermediates into 1- or 2-substituted indenes could be controlled by the choice of gold complex.

Metal uptake in a peri-urban Lactuca sativa cultivated area.

In this study, two Lactuca sativa crops grown in a net-protected site and an unprotected site were compared. The results showed metals were accumulated by Lactuca sativa. Higher metal accumulation in lettuce grown in the unprotected parcel was established, and the only significant differences in their physicochemical properties were cation exchange capacity and exposure to sunlight. Exposure to the sun may translate into higher soil-plant flux of water and/or higher decomposition rate of organic matter, which may augment the mobilization of metals into the plant, and therefore lead to higher noxious metal accumulation on the crops. Also, EDTA was explored as a possible extractant that could predict the bioavailablity of metals to the lettuce. Our results did not show a good agreement between the metal transferred from soil to leaves and the EDTA extracted metals, although some tendencies were found for the metal transfer from soil to roots. It is predicted that many developing countries will continue and/or increase the use of waste water for the irrigation of crops despite the health risks. Different solutions have been explored to diminish the availability of the metals in the soils. Our study shows that an action as simple as placing a net over the parcel could help diminish the accumulation of metals into the crops of a rapidly expanding peri-urban agricultural system.

Metal distribution in coral reef complex Cayo Arcas in the Gulf of Mexico.

This study evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of metals in the coral reef system Cayos Arcas and Triangulos in the Campeche Bank region, off the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. No information has been generated before for the incorporation of natural and non-natural occurring metals, some of which are possibly endowed by the oil marine station Cayo Arcas. The multivariate exploratory study of the metals on the coral skeletons, showed the formation of two distinct groups. The metals that have the highest influence on the differentiation of the groups are the metals that are natural constituents of the coral skeletons, in particular Sr can explain much of the differences between the groups, and to a much lesser extent are the metals that could be indicators of pollution. This differentiation suggests that, in our case, the environment around the corals has a higher impact than the non-naturally occurring metals (and possible indicators of pollution). The two groups formed corresponded to: the coral cores influenced by open sea variables and the coral cores in the inner part of the keys which is less exposed to open sea variables. A chronological study was made to two samples that had the longest coral section and were situated in two clearly distinctive zones: an exposed surface subjected to high wave forces and another that was less exposed. Ni and Zn show an accumulation trend in both coral samples, while Ba showed an increase in incorporation around 1980 when the Cayo Arcas oil marine station was constructed.

Elemental speciation by chromatographic separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection.

Separation techniques coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is reviewed. ICP-MS technique is described briefly. Coupling of the different separation techniques are described, together with the most common applications used for each technique that has been described in the literature. An overview for the future of separation techniques coupled to ICP-MS with regard to elemental speciation is discussed.

Characterization of selenium species in Brazil nuts by HPLC-ICP-MS and ES-MS.

Brazil nuts have been classified as the foodstuffs that contain the highest level of unadulterated selenium, an essential trace element that appears to prevent cancer. To date, characterization of the selenium species in brazil nuts has not yet been investigated. In this work, various sample preparation approaches, including microwave extractions and enzymatic treatments, are examined with the goal of species preservation and subsequent selenium speciation; of these approaches, an enzymatic treatment with Proteinase K proved most effective. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation strategies and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection schemes will also be presented. Extracts are evaluated against available standards for the commercially obtainable seleno-amino acids, selenomethionine (SeMet), selenoethionine (SeEt), and selenocystine (SeCys); selenomethionine was demonstrated to be the most abundant of these seleno-amino acids. Further characterization of unidentified selenium-containing peaks is attempted by the employment of several procedures, including electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS). A peptide structure was identified; however, this was considered a tentative proposal due to the large background produced by the extremely complicated brazil nut matrix.

Factores maternos que inciden en el bajo peso en recién nacidos a término en Hospital Nacional de Ilobasco en el período de enero 2017 a diciembre 2018 / Maternal factors that affect low weight in newborns at Ilobasco National Hospital in the period from January 2017 to December 2018

Propósito: establecer un precedente sobre el estudio de los factores maternos que inciden en el bajo peso en recién nacidos a término en Hospital Nacional de Ilobasco a fin de sentar las bases para futuras investigaciones que conlleven a la implementación de estrategias de promoción y prevención que permitan la disminución de su incidencia. Materiales y Métodos: la investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, que permitió realizar un análisis de los factores maternos que inciden en el bajo peso en recién nacidos a término; se desarrolló mediante una revisión documental de la Hoja CLAP dentro del Expediente materno. Resultados: de los expedientes revisados, 90% poseen algún grado de escolaridad; de éstas el 55% alcanzaron la primaria, el 27% la secundaria y solamente 8% alcanzaron nivel universitario. Del grupo revisado solamente el 9.6% no tenían ningún tipo de escolaridad. Conclusiones: de las madres con Recién Nacidos de bajo peso estudiadas, el 90% poseen algún grado de escolaridad, de éstos el 55 % alcanzó la primaria y el 27 % la secundaria; solamente el 10% no tenía ningún tipo de escolaridad. Recomendaciones: al Hospital Nacional de Ilobasco: Difundir en su personal médico los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, con el fin de estimular nuevos estudios que permitan darle continuidad a fin de establecer los factores con mayor incidencia en los recién nacidos de bajo peso en esta población, así como la implementación de acciones para su prevención

Percepción en lactancia materna de las madres embarazadas que asisten a control en la Unidad Comunitaria de Salud Familiar de San Jose Villanueva, en el periodo de junio-agosto 2016 / Perception of breastfeeding by pregnant mothers who attend a control at the Community Health Family Unit of San Jose Villanueva, in the period June-August 2016

Propósito: Reforzar las técnicas y habilidades de consejería sobre lactancia materna del personal de salud que brinda información a las embarazadas que asisten a control prenatal en Unidad Comunitaria de Salud Familiar de San José Villanueva. Métodos: La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal, con enfoque cualitativo, que permitió realizar un análisis de la percepción en Lactancia Materna de las madres embarazadas, se desarrolló mediante una entrevista semiestructurada a madres embarazadas que asisten a control prenatal. Resultados: El número de controles prenatales no incidió en el conocimiento sobre lactancia materna de las madres embarazadas entrevistadas. Casi todas las madres poseen creencias positivas sobre la lactancia materna ya que consideran que previene enfermedades de la infancia. Casi todas las entrevistadas reconocen los beneficios de la lactancia materna para el recién nacido pero desconocen los beneficios que esta tiene sobre la madre lactante. Conclusiones: Las madres embarazadas desconocen el término de "lactancia materna exclusiva", relacionan el término "exclusivo" con la leche producida por ellas mismas o con la "exclusividad" de utilizar un succedáneo.

Assesment of trace elements and organic pollutants from a marine oil complex into the coral reef system of Cayo Arcas, Mexico.

Possible contaminants produced by the Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) marine oil complex in the vicinity of the Cayo Arcas (Mexico) coral reef ecosystem were evaluated by analyzing sediments and sea water for hydrocarbons and metal elements. We found that the concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sea water were generally low, with the highest values detected near the oil station; the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was generally below the detection limit. The hydrocarbons found in the sediments seem to have a pyrogenic origin, and were probably produced by marine traffic in the study area. The total PAH concentration did not exceed the NOAA criteria, although levels of some individual PAHs did. The only metal detected in the sea water at high concentrations was nickel. The Ni/V ratio in the sediments indicates the contribution of crude oil to the system. The high content of Ni and Zn was attributed to the ballast waters from the oil tankers that load at the station's monobuoys. The presence of fine sediments that commonly originate from terrestrial ecosystems supported this assumption.

Coronas de acero-cromo ceramizadas (Art-glass®) como una alternativa para la restauración de dientes temporales anteriores: caso clínico / Chromium steel ceramic crowns (Art-glass ®) as an alternative for the restoration of deciduous anterior teeth: case report

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar una alternativa más dentro de las que en la actualidad existen para restaurar la zona anterior, mediante el uso de coronas de acero cromo con un frente estético ceramizado mediante Art-glass®. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino de 1 año y 10 meses de edad, el cual presenta caries por alimentación infantil, con destrucción coronal de los cuatro incisivos temporales superiores. El plan de tratamiento consistió en el tratamiento pulpar mediante la realización de una pulpectomía para obturar el conducto con Vitapex®, dos pulpotomías y la restauración de los cuatro dientes anteriores mediante la colocación de coronas de acero cromo con Art-glass®. Estas coronas son una excelente opción para una restauración estética, debido a que se cuenta con una gran gama de colores, es de fácil fabricación y al ser una técnica indirecta, nos permite dejar un espacio libre de cerómero para lograr un buen ajuste coronal.

The aim of this article is to present an additional alternative to restore the anterior zone, using crowns of steel chromium with a ceromer aesthetic front by means of Art-glass®. It is presented a clinical report of a masculine patient of 1 year 10 months of age, with early childhood dental caries, with coronal destruction of the four deciduous superior incisors. The treatment planning consisted of pulpar treatment with pulpectomy and endodontic obturation with Vitapex®, two pulpotomies and the restoration of these with steel chromium crowns with Art-glass®. These crowns are an excellent option for an aesthetic restoration, because of its great variety of colors, its easy manufacture, and being an indirect technique allows leaving a free space of ceromer to obtain a good coronal adjustment.

Sequential extractions of selenium soils from Stewart Lake: total selenium and speciation measurements with ICP-MS detection.

Different techniques have been employed in order to evaluate the most efficient procedure for the extraction of selenium from soil as required for speciation. Selenium contaminated sediments from Stewart Lake Wetland, California were used. A strong acid mineralization of the samples gives quantitative total selenium, which is then used to estimate recoveries for the milder extraction methods. The different extraction methodologies involve the sequential use of water, buffer (phosphate, pH 7) and either acid solution (e.g. HNO3 or HCl) or basic solutions (e.g. ammonium acetate, NaOH or TMAH). Pyrophosphate extraction was also evaluated and showed that selenium was not associated with humic acids. The extractants were subsequently analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UV (254 and 400 nm) and on-line ICP-MS detection; anion exchange chromatography, and ion-pair reversed phase chromatography with ICP-MS detection. For sequential extractions the extraction efficiencies showed that the basic extractions were more efficient than the acidic. The difference between the acidic and the basic extraction efficiency is carried to the sulfite extraction, suggesting that whatever is not extracted by the acid is subsequently extracted by the sulfite. The species identified with the different chromatographies were selenate, selenite, elemental selenium and some organic selenium.

Trace element determination in vitamin E using ICP-MS.

Vitamin E supplements are either isolated from plants sources or prepared synthetically. Isolation from plants includes eight different tocopherol structures. Vitamin E synthesis includes seven different stereoisomers, which involves the use of several catalysts that may lead to trace element contamination in the vitamin. The use of ICP-MS is an ideal technique for detecting these trace elements. However, the oily nature of the samples requires the development of a sample preparation methodology. This study was done upon the request of synthetic vitamin E manufacturers to test the trace metal purity of their samples. In this work, the comparison of an acid microwave digestion and emulsion preparation is discussed. Cromium, nickel, tin and lead were found in the synthetic vitamin E analyzed and 200, 60, 9 and 45 ppb were the concentrations found respectively for these elements. Digesting the samples gives slightly lower detection limits compared to the emulsion preparation.

Initial studies of selenium speciation in Brassica juncea by LC with ICPMS and ES-MS detection: an approach for phytoremediation studies.

Various Brassica species accumulate Se into the thousands of ppm. This suggests some of them as candidates for Se phytoremediation. Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) was used to accumulate selenium by growing with sodium selenite as the selenium source under hydroponic conditions resulting in Se accumulation of up to hundreds of ppm in various parts of the plant. To date, few selenium speciation studies have been done in plants, with most studies reporting total selenium concentration in various parts of the plant. Se species extraction was evaluated by several digestion/extraction procedures, including the use of HCl, Tris-HCl buffer, and enzymatic hydrolysis (using proteinase K and protease XIV). The best extraction was obtained with proteinase K (extracting approximately 75% of the total Se present in the plant). Some of the species produced by the plant, such as selenomethionine, can be identified at ppb levels by RP-HPLC-ICPMS, since standards are readily available. Others needed to be further characterized by ES-MS. Enzymatic hydrolysis releases mostly Se-methionine from juncea leaves, although other Se-containing species can also be observed by HPLC-ICPMS. In this initial study, the possible identification (by ES-MS) of a small chromatographic peak containing a Se-S bridged seleno amino acid with a structure similar to cystine is suggested.

Dentinogénesis imperfecta: reporte de un caso / Imperfecta Dentinogenesis: a case report

Introducción: La dentinogénesis imperfecta (DI) es una alteración hereditaria que se origina en la etapa de histodiferenciación durante la odontogénesis. Constituye una forma de displasia mesodérmica localizada, cuya característica especial es una alteración específica de las proteínas de la dentina. Se clasifica en detinogénesis imperfecta (DI) tipo I (relacionada con la osteogénesis imperfecta) DI tipo II (no relacionada con OI) y DI tipo III (de Brandynwine). Objetivo: Determinar el tipo de dentinogénesis, la tendencia familiar y las características clínicas de un paciente de tres años que acudió a la consulta por hipersensibilidad de la dentina y molestia durante la masticación para establecer un diagnóstico temprano y el patrón hereditario. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino en el que se observa una alteración de estructura y color de los órganos dentales presentes, abscesos, atrición y pérdida de la dimensión vertical; radiográficamente se identifican obliteración pulpar, marcada constricción cervical y raíces cortas. Después de los análisis clínico y radiográfico, historia familiar e interconsulta con Genética se descartó Osteogénesis Imperfecta y se estableció el diagnóstico de dentinogénesis imperfecta tipo II, de carácter autosómico dominante, sin predilección de sexo. Tratamiento: se realizaron las extracciones necesarias, los dientes remanentes afectados se restauraron con coronas de acero cromo, se colocaron mantenedores de espacio y prótesis parciales removibles. Conclusión: Debido a que en los pacientes con DI, la primera dentición se ve más afectada, es de suma importancia realizar un diagnóstico temprano para iniciar cuanto antes un tratamiento adecuado. En este tipo de pacientes es imprescindible llevar a cabo interconsulta con Genética para descartar su asociación con otras entidades.

Introduction: Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is an inherited dental diasease in which dental crowns are affected. DI originates by defects on the histo-differenciation stage of odontogenesis, constituting a localized mesodermal dysplasia characterized by an expressed alteration of dentin proteins. There are three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta: Type I (associated with osteogenesis imperfecta OI), type II (no associated with OI), and type III (Brandywine’s). Objectives: To determine the type of dentinogenesis imprefecta, the family history and clinical characteristics of a patient within extensive coronal destruction, to establish a precise diagnosis and a treatment to recover masticatory function. Case Report: A 3-year-old male child was referred to the clinic with dental hypersensitivity and pain during mastication. He presented generalized and extensive crown destructions and discoloration of erupted teeth, abscesses, attrition and loss of vertical dimension. Radiographs showed obliterated pulp chambers, marked cervical constriction and short roots. After clinical and radiographic analysis, family history and consultation with a Geneticist, a relation with OI was not established. In contrast, a diagnosis of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II was confirmed. DE type II is an autosomyc dominant trait, without gender predilection. Restorative treatment involved stainless steel crowns, required extractions, space maintainers and removable partial dentures placement. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of DI is recommended because the severe destruction of primary dentition that may affect child chewing and nutrition. Consultation wit a Geneticist in DI cases is reccomended to discard any association with OI or other genetic syndromes.

Gingivitis artefacta o autoinducida como conducta autolesiva: presentación de un caso clínico / Artefacta gingivitis or autoinduced by autoinfringed behaviour: case clinic

La gingivitis “artefacta” o autoinducida constituye una serie de recesiones gingivales caprichosas que, por lo general, son inducidas por el propio paciente. El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar la presencia de autolesiones gingivales en pacientes pediátricos para dar a conocer las causas que la propician, establecer el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento adecuado que permita prevenir lesiones mayores. Se describe un paciente masculino de 10 años de edad en quien a la exploración clínica se observó la presencia de una hendidura vertical en la encía correspondiente al primer molar temporal inferior derecho. De acuerdo a los antecedentes se diagnosticó gingivitis artefacta o autoinducida. En razón al normal proceso de recambio de dentición como elemento básico para uin pronóstico favorable, como tratamiento específico para el caso se decidió hacer la extracción del órgano dental que presentaba una corona metálica y dejar en observación al paciente. Después de tres meses, la erupción del diente permanente concluyó sin alteración periodontal. Se considera de mucha importancia tener conocimientos sobre la prevalencia y la etiología de este tipo de lesiones, para poder prevenirlas con un enfoque multidisciplinario que permita darles el mejor tratamiento posible. Por esta razón se realiza el presente aporte a la literatura odontológica, mas exactamente a la literatura de la Odontopediatría.

Gingivitis artefacta is a series of capricious gingival recessions. Generally they are nominated “self– nducted lesions” or “artificial lesions.” This paper presents the periodontal findings in a 10 years old boy who presents a vertical fissure on the right first lower temporal molar near to the gingival margin. This tooth presented a steel chromium crown and on the soft tissue had an unusual redness resilient to plaque control. Due to the gingival recession, the root surfaces were exposed. Treatment adopted was performing the tooth extraction. Three months after extraction, the eruption of permanent tooth concluded and there was not further periodontal alteration. Pedodontics should be aware of self –induced gingival lesions to perform a better diagnosis and treatment. Preventive advice should include the study and control of children´ habits that could lead to hard and soft tissue dental lesions. Pedodontics should also work in conjunction with other dental specialists as a part of a multi-disciplinary team to offer the best professional decision to the patients´ needs.

Entre la clínica y el derecho: la epilepsia, un desafío / Epilepsy: A challenge between clinical and law

Este trabajo intenta abordar la temática de la criminalidad y su vinculación con la psicopatología, tomando como línea base la epilepsia y el homicidio. El abordaje de esta combinación de factores resulta compleja para el sistema penitenciario. Este estudio presenta un panorama general de aspectos que toma en cuenta la justicia cuando el sujeto que cometió un acto ilícito no tenía la capacidad de comprender lo que hacía, ni quería infringir la ley, y después mostrar lo que algunos estudios han encontrado sobre la relación delito-epilepsia. Se trabajó con un solo estudio de caso. La información se obtuvo de la revisión de los expedientes jurídicos y técnicos; así como de una serie de entrevistas al sujeto estudiado. Resulta de gran utilidad para este estudio la presentación de un caso clínico ya que éste refleja nítidamente, a través de la historia personal del paciente, cómo fue que los factores que rodeaban su vida dirigieron secuencialmente su comportamiento hasta que cometió el delito. Entre los resultados más relevantes encontrados en este estudio, se observa que los pacientes epilépticos son ocasionalmente violentos; en el caso expuesto, el paciente presentaba un cuadro complejo que dificultó controlarlo farmacológicamante, ocasionándole crisis convulsivas. Este Sujeto cumple con los criterios establecidos que consideran que la epilepsia fue el factor que desencadenó el acto ilícito

Implicaciones del delito en el enfermo mental / Implications of delinquency in the mentally ill

El enfermo mental que delingue o que viola la ley, ha salido a la luz desde hace veinte años, y aunque es un hecho que los individuos con trastornos mentales son más vulnerables de ser detectados y arrestados, no se puede afirmar que todos los enfermos mentales sean delincuentes ni que todos los delincuentes sean enfermos mentales, pero en muchas ocasiones la enfermedad mental es un factor desencadenante en la comisión de delitos, que va de los simples robos hasta los homicidios inmotivados. Es necesario reflexionar en torno a la complejidad de la impartición de justicia cuando se junta la psicopatología y el crimen. En nuestro país, resulta difícil homogeneizar los criterios para haceptar el fallo del juez en los casos de enfermedad mental o inimputabilidad, pues al parecer, las decisiones finales sobre las consideraciones psiquiátricas no resultan ser lo suficientemente claras y, por lo tanto, no son contundentes. Pesa más el desconocimiento de la enfermedad mental por parte de los jueces, quienes se basan en la dinámica del crimen y en los aspecto legales por lo que otorgan sentencias de tiempo variando par un mismo delito y, por lo general, muy largas, que lejos de favorecer la evolución de la enfermedad mental del sujeto propician que se exacerbe día a día, con el consecuente deterioro del enfermo mental. La presente investigación tuvo como objeto saber cuáles son los aspectos jurídicos y sociodemográficos de un individuo que, además de haber infringido la ley, padece un trastorno mental. En este estudio se trabajó con una muestra de 98 expedientes que contenían información personal y criminal de sujetos del sexo masculino, mayores de 18 años, que estaban presos en un centro de reclusión que alberga a las personas con enfermedad mental. Para la recolección de los datos se creó un formato expo-factor. Dentro de los resultados encontrados se observó que más de 50 por ciento de los sujetos eran solteros, con poca escolaridad, que en promedio, tenían 37 años y la mayoría estaban clasificados como primodelincuentes e inimputables. Las penas y las medidas de seguridad llegan hasta los 50 años. El delito que sobresalió fue contra la vida, y dentro de éste, predominé el homicidio violento a los parientes; las armas punzo cortantes fueron las que más se emplearon