Loss of renal tubular G9a benefits acute kidney injury by lowering focal lipid accumulation via CES1.

Surgery-induced renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and nephrotoxic drugs like cisplatin can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), for which there is no effective therapy. Lipid accumulation is evident following AKI in renal tubules although the mechanisms and pathological effects are unclear. Here, we report that Ehmt2-encoded histone methyltransferase G9a is upregulated in patients and mouse kidneys after AKI. Renal tubular specific knockout of G9a (Ehmt2Ksp ) or pharmacological inhibition of G9a alleviates lipid accumulation associated with AKI. Mechanistically, G9a suppresses transcription of the lipolytic enzyme Ces1; moreover, G9a and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) competitively bind to the same promoter regions of Ces1. Ces1 is consistently observed to be downregulated in the kidney of AKI patients. Pharmacological inhibition of Ces1 increases lipid accumulation, exacerbates renal I/R-injury and eliminates the beneficial effects on AKI observed in Ehmt2Ksp mice. Furthermore, lipid-lowering atorvastatin and an FXR agonist alleviate AKI by activating Ces1 and reducing renal lipid accumulation. Together, our results reveal a G9a/FXR-Ces1 axis that affects the AKI outcome via regulating renal lipid accumulation.

Interplay of Ritonavir-Boosted Oral Cabazitaxel with the Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) Uptake Transporters and Carboxylesterase 1 in Mice.

Intravenously administered chemotherapeutic cabazitaxel is used for palliative treatment of prostate cancer. An oral formulation would be more patient-friendly and reduce the need for hospitalization. We therefore study determinants of the oral pharmacokinetics of cabazitaxel in a ritonavir-boosted setting, which reduces the CYP3A-mediated first-pass metabolism of cabazitaxel. We here assessed the role of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in the disposition of orally boosted cabazitaxel and its active metabolites, using the Oatp1a/b-knockout and the OATP1B1/1B3-transgenic mice. These transporters may substantially affect plasma clearance and hepatic and intestinal drug disposition. The pharmacokinetics of cabazitaxel and DM2 were not significantly affected by Oatp1a/b and OATP1B1/1B3 activity. In contrast, the plasma AUC0-120 min of DM1 in Oatp1a/b-/- was 1.9-fold (p < 0.05) higher than that in wild-type mice, and that of docetaxel was 2.4-fold (p < 0.05) higher. We further observed impaired hepatic uptake and intestinal disposition for DM1 and docetaxel in the Oatp-ablated strains. None of these parameters showed rescue by the OATP1B1 or -1B3 transporters in the humanized mouse strains, suggesting a minimal role of OATP1B1/1B3. Ritonavir itself was also a potent substrate for mOatp1a/b, showing a 2.9-fold (p < 0.0001) increased plasma AUC0-120 min and 3.5-fold (p < 0.0001) decreased liver-to-plasma ratio in Oatp1a/b-/- compared to those in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we observed the tight binding of cabazitaxel and its active metabolites, including docetaxel, to plasma carboxylesterase (Ces1c) in mice, which may complicate the interpretation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mouse studies. Collectively, these results will help to further optimize (pre)clinical research into the safety and efficacy of orally applied cabazitaxel.

Functional AGXT2 SNP rs180749 variant and depressive symptoms: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan.

No study has shown the relationship between alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and depressive symptoms. The present case-control study examined this relationship in Japanese adults. Cases and control participants were selected from those who participated in the baseline survey of the Aidai Cohort Study, which is an ongoing cohort study. Cases comprised 280 participants with depressive symptoms based on a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥ 16. Control participants comprised 2034 participants without depressive symptoms based on the CES-D who had not been diagnosed by a physician as having depression or who had not been currently taking medication for depression. Adjustment was made for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, education, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Compared with the GG genotype of rs180749, both the GA and AA genotypes were significantly positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms assessed by the CES-D: the adjusted odds ratios for the GA and AA genotypes were 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-8.24) and 3.10 (95% CI 1.37-8.92), respectively. The TGC haplotype of rs37370, rs180749, and rs16899974 was significantly inversely related to depressive symptoms (crude OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49-0.90), whereas the TAC haplotype was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms (crude OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01-1.52). This is the first study to show significant associations between AGXT2 SNP rs180749, the TGC haplotype, and the TAC haplotype and depressive symptoms.

The longitudinal analysis for the association between smoking and the risk of depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Despite high smoking rate in people with depressive symptoms, there is ongoing debate about relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Study participants were 57,441 Korean men. We collected their baseline data between 2011 and 2012, and conducted follow-up from 2013 to 2019. They were categorized by smoking status (never: < 100 cigarettes smoking in life time, former: currently quitting smoking, and current smoker: currently smoking), smoking amount (pack/day and pack-year) and urine cotinine excretion. The development of depressive symptoms was determined in CES-D score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptoms in relation to smoking status, smoking amount, and urine cotinine excretion. RESULTS: During 6.7 years of median follow-up, the risk of depressive symptoms increased in order of never (reference), former (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) and current smoker (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32). Among current smoker, the risk of depressive symptoms increased proportionally to daily smoking amount (< 1 pack; HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29, and ≥ 1 pack; HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.45). This pattern of relationship was consistently observed for pack-year in former smoker and current smoker. Additionally, urine cotinine excretion was proportionally associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Exposure to smoking was associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms. Dose dependent relationship was observed between smoking amount and the risk of depressive symptoms.

Research on Unsupervised Low-Light Railway Fastener Image Enhancement Method Based on Contrastive Learning GAN.

The railway fastener, as a crucial component of railway tracks, directly influences the safety and stability of a railway system. However, in practical operation, fasteners are often in low-light conditions, such as at nighttime or within tunnels, posing significant challenges to defect detection equipment and limiting its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. To address this issue, this study proposes an unsupervised low-light image enhancement algorithm, CES-GAN, which achieves the model's generalization and adaptability under different environmental conditions. The CES-GAN network architecture adopts a U-Net model with five layers of downsampling and upsampling structures as the generator, incorporating both global and local discriminators to help the generator to preserve image details and textures during the reconstruction process, thus enhancing the realism and intricacy of the enhanced images. The combination of the feature-consistency loss, contrastive learning loss, and illumination loss functions in the generator structure, along with the discriminator loss function in the discriminator structure, collectively promotes the clarity, realism, and illumination consistency of the images, thereby improving the quality and usability of low-light images. Through the CES-GAN algorithm, this study provides reliable visual support for railway construction sites and ensures the stable operation and accurate operation of fastener identification equipment in complex environments.

COVID-19 and depressive symptoms among older adults in South Korea.

This study analyzed the effects of COVID-19 and gender differences in depressive symptoms in older adults using data from the 7th (2018) and 8th (2020) surveys of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. A panel two-way-fixed effects model was used to control for individual fixed effects and time effects. A 0.1% point increase in the intensity of COVID-19 was associated with an average increase of 1.5 points out of 10 on the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 10-item version (CES-D10) among older adults. The increase in depression was greater among women. Depressive factors due to COVID-19 among older adults are more likely to be related to negative emotions or interpersonal relationships than to physical and behavioral decline. Depression prevention policies for older adults should be informed by these gender differences. While older men require assistance with instrumental activities of daily living such as housework, meal preparation, etc., older women should be provided with online socialization opportunities to interact with others.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus over time.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the trajectories of depressive symptoms in patients with SLE and to identify baseline characteristics that are associated with a patient's trajectory of depression. METHODS: Data from the Lupus Outcomes Study at the University of California, San Francisco were analysed. Depressive symptomatology was assessed in years two through seven using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with higher scores representing more severe depressive symptoms. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to determine latent classes of CES-D scores over time. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify baseline characteristics associated with worse classes of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: CES-D scores for 763 individuals with SLE over 6 years were mapped into four distinct classes. Class 1 (36%) and class 2 (32%) comprised the largest proportion of the cohort and were defined by the lowest and low CES-D scores (no depression), respectively. Class 3 (22%) and class 4 (10%) had high and the highest scores (depression), respectively. Greater age [odds ratio (OR): 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99] and higher education level (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.89) at baseline were associated with lower odds of membership in worse classes of depressive symptoms. Conversely, lower income (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.92), worse SF-36 physical functioning scores (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.13) and worse SF-36 bodily pain scores (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.55, 1.61) were positively associated with membership in worse classes of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Four classes of depressive symptoms were identified in patients with SLE. Understanding the trajectories of depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors can aid in the management of these symptoms in individuals living with SLE.

Evaluating the Impact of the Prime Time Sister Circles® Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among African American Women with Uncontrolled Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: The Prime Time Sister Circles®, a randomized controlled trial (PTSC-RCT), assessed the impact of a community-based peer support program on hypertension management among African American women 40-75 years of age. While the PTSC-RCT was designed to evaluate changes in blood pressure control, subsequent sub-analyses revealed a high proportion of self-reported depressive symptoms in our sample. Accordingly, we conducted an ancillary investigation of the PTSC intervention on depression to ascertain its impact on reduced depressive symptoms in the study population. METHOD: Depressive symptoms were measured using an adapted version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-D-10). We used unadjusted and adjusted fixed effect models. Data for this study came from the PTSC-RCT. We collected data between 2017 and 2018 in Washington, DC. We used a balanced analytical sample of 172 African American, English-speaking women between 40 to 75 years old with uncontrolled hypertension. INTERVENTION: The intervention group participated in a 2-h, peer-based support group once a week for 13 weeks. A trained PTSC facilitator facilitated sessions with experts who delivered content on various topics, including psychosocial wellness (e.g., stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety management, and self-esteem), physical health (e.g., hypertension, inflammation, and heart disease), physical activity, and healthy nutrition. RESULTS: Results from the fixed-effects models indicated that participants in the PTSC program exhibited a greater reduction in CES-D-10 score at three months (Coeff: -1.99, 95% CI: -3.49, -0.49) and at 15 months (Coeff: -2.38, 95% CI: -3.94, -0.83), as compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that the Prime Time Sister Circles® intervention reduced depressive symptoms among African American women with low socioeconomic status and hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04371614.

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the 8-item CES-D: a national longitudinal sample of Chinese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8) has been widely used to measure depressive symptoms in many large-scale surveys. Due to its brevity, it can lower costs, relieve respondent burdens, and ensure data quality. However, its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender and time among adolescents have not been adequately evaluated. This study investigated its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender and time among adolescents. METHODS: The data was drawn from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018 and 2020, with 3099 participants (46.82% girls) aged 11 to 18 in 2018. First, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of the CES-D 8. Next, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test its measurement invariance across gender and time. Finally, a longitudinal cross-gender test was conducted to further confirm the stability of the scale. RESULTS: A two-factor structure was identified among the adolescents, including Negative Symptoms and Diminished Happiness Feeling. Measurement invariance across gender and time, as well as the longitudinal cross-gender invariance, was supported, with configural, factor loadings, thresholds and residual invariance. CONCLUSIONS: The factor structure of the CES-D 8 remains stable across gender and time among adolescents, indicating that it is a promising instrument for measuring depressive symptoms, especially in large-scale and longitudinal surveys.

Validation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a Moroccan sample with substance use disorder.

BACKGROUND: Transcultural validation studies of depression scales are rare in Morocco. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is commonly one of the most common and frequently used screening instruments for depressive symptoms, but the scale has not, up to date, been validated in dialect of Arabic in Moroccan contexts. Given the importance of assessing and preventing depressive symptoms in our Moroccan context, this study aims to validate the CES-D, translated, and adapted to the dialect of Arabic and Moroccan culture, in a sample with substance use disorder. METHODS: The data were analyzed in two successive phases. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the factor structure in the pilot sample (N = 140). Then, this structure was confirmed in the validation sample (N = 205) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors different from the four factors in the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure of three factors. The fit indices level showed acceptable to good performance of the measurement model. The instrument showed sufficient reliability and convergent validity, as demonstrated by acceptable values of composite reliability (CR = 0.89-0.93) and average variance extracted (AVE = 0.64-0.66), respectively. The square roots of AVE were higher than factor-factor pairs correlations, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT) of correlations values was less than 0.85, indicating acceptable discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall reliability and both convergent and discriminant validity tests indicated that the Moroccan dialectal Arabic version of the CES-D had a good performance and may serve as a valid tool for measuring the severity of depression in people with substance use disorder.

Psychological distress among early medical residents: A 2-year longitudinal cohort study over seven years in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Early medical residents are expected to have a higher prevalence of burnout due to physical and psychological stressors. However psychological distress associated with burnout has not been adequately investigated in a longitudinal manner. We therefore examined the longitudinal trajectory of depression and its associated factors among early medical residents. METHODS: In this cohort study, medical residents (n = 215) who started rotation at the University of Yamanashi Hospital during 2012 to 2018 were recruited and asked to complete the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Brief Scale for Coping Profile (BSCP) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) at the time of exit from each clinical department for up to two years over seven years. Factors associated with the CES-D scores were statistically explored, with a cutoff score of 16 to denote depression. RESULTS: The CES-D was completed by 205 residents. The average CES-D score was 10.3 ± 8.0 and the scores were lower in the 2nd versus 1st year of residency (11.3 ± 6.7 versus 9.2 ± 7.0). Multiple regression analysis of BJSQ/BSCP/AIS on CES-D revealed that insomnia had a significant impact on the CES-D scores. Apart from insomnia, avoidance and suppression and peer support had significant effects. Resilient residents, who showed the maximum CES-D score of under 16 consistently throughout the residency, was better in terms of changing a point of view, active solution and changing mood. Women were more likely to express emotions to others, while they reported more job control in the first year. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have high clinical relevance to challenge psychological burnout among early medical residents, offering some possible clues for prevention such as reduced burden, more flexibility during the first year and strengthening coworker support. Insomnia exerted moderate to strong effects on depression and monitoring of sleep appears indispensable in this specific population.

Frailty transition and depression among community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2020).

BACKGROUND: Frailty is recognized as a geriatric syndrome associated with depression. The consequences and mechanism of frailty transitions are still understudied. This study assessed the influence of frailty transitions on new-onset depressive symptomology using longitudinal, nationwide data of Korean community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Longitudinal population-based study conducted in every even-numbered year starting from 2006 to 2020 (eight waves) with a sample of older adults aged ≥ 60 years old. After the application of exclusion criteria, a total of 2,256 participants were included in the 2008 baseline year. Frailty transition was determined through the biennial assessment of change in frailty status using the frailty instrument (FI); depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 Scale. We employed the lagged general estimating equations to assess the temporal effect of frailty transition on obtaining depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to non-frail individuals, the risk of depression was higher in transitioned into frailty and constantly frail participants over a 2-year interval: men (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.32; OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21-1.38), women (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28-1.40; OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.41-1.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty transition is found to be associated with new-onset depressive symptoms. Frail individuals and those who transitioned into frailty were associated with a higher risk of depression. Particular attention should be paid to these frailty transitioned groups. Early intervention and implementation of prevention strategies at physical, nutritional, and social levels are warranted to ameliorate frailty and depression in late life.

Caregiving: a risk factor of poor health and depression among informal caregivers in India- A comparative analysis.

BACKGROUND: In an ageing society, the provision of long-term care is the prime need. In Indian cultural setting, family members are the informal, albeit primary caregivers to the elderly. Caregiving demands intense emotional and financial involvement. While taking care of elderly persons' health and wellbeing, these family members, acting as informal caregivers, may themselves become vulnerable to poor health due to additional stress and burden. Using a nationally representative survey, the study tried to identify how health condition varies within caregivers and a comparative analysis of how in similar socio-economic background health condition varies between caregivers and non-caregivers. METHOD: The data, used for the analysis, is taken from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), Wave I. Both descriptive and multivariable regression analysis are done in different models along with interaction effect of caregiving to understand the difference in health status between caregiver and non-caregivers. RESULTS: Nearly 29% and 11% of the informal caregivers, reported to have depressive symptoms and poor self-rated health (SRH), respectively. Almost half of the caregivers, who provide care for more than 40 h a week, are diagnosed to have depressive symptoms. They are also at higher risk of having depressive symptoms (AOR 1.59 CI 1.16-2.18) and poor SRH (AOR 1.73 CI 1.11-2.69) than those who invest less than 40 h in a week. In almost every socio-economic condition, caregivers are at a higher risk of having depression and poor health than non-caregivers. Caregivers, who are widowed, live in rural areas or are not satisfied with current living arrangement are more vulnerable to have depressive symptoms. On the other hand, caregivers of age 45-59 years, widowed, male and who live only with their children with spouse absent, have almost 2 times higher odds of poor SRH than non-caregivers. CONCLUSION: Caregivers are more susceptible to depression and poor self-rated health compared to non-caregivers irrespective of their socio-economic characteristics, only the magnitude of vulnerability varies.

The association between living alone and depressive symptoms and the role of pet ownership among Japanese workers.

BACKGROUND: Living alone has been positively associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. We examined how a combination of living alone and pet ownership relates to depressive symptoms. METHODS: As part of the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study, we conducted a survey on health-related lifestyles, including living arrangements and pet ownership, among 12,763 employees of five companies in 2018-2021. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 11-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (cutoff score ≥ 9). A Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimator was used to calculate prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Among the participants, 30.9% were depressed, 17.7% had pets, and 29.1% lived alone. Compared to individuals living with others but not with a pet, those living alone and not with a pet had a 1.17 times higher prevalence ratio of depressive symptoms (95% CI: 1.08-1.26). The corresponding figures were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95-1.11) for those living with others and pet(s) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.18-1.69) for those living alone but with pet(s). CONCLUSION: Living alone was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. The association was rather stronger among individuals with vs. without pets. Pet ownership may not be associated with decreased depressive symptoms.

The bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and functional limitations among centenarian survivors in their 80s: Testing bivariate latent change score models.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine a bivariate latent change score model of depressive symptoms and functional limitations (activities of daily living) among centenarian or near-centenarian survivors over four waves using the Health and Retirement Study. METHOD: Four hundred and sixty participants who eventually survived to age 98 or older were included by calculating their death age. Data from the time when the participants were in their 80s were analyzed. The mean age at baseline (1994) was 85.5 years. The observation interval was 2 years, from 1994 to 2000. Including age, gender, and education as a covariate, eight different models were conducted to examine the bivariate effects among depressive symptoms and functional limitations. RESULTS: Of the eight models, the bivariate model of depressive symptoms predicting change in functional limitations fitted the data best. The parameter estimates of the final model indicated significant predictive pathways from depressive symptoms to subsequent changes in depressive symptoms and functional limitations. CONCLUSION: This study tested the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and functional limitations among centenarian survivors in their 80s, which uncovered that depressive symptoms is a dominant variable among the two constructs. Our findings add to a lacking number of longitudinal studies with oldest old adults.

Triple Genetic Diagnosis in a Patient with Late-Onset Leukodystrophy and Mild Intellectual Disability.

We describe the complex case of a 44-year-old man with polycystic kidney disease, mild cognitive impairment, and tremors in the upper limbs. Brain MRI showed lesions compatible with leukodystrophy. The diagnostic process, which included clinical exome sequencing (CES) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), revealed a triple diagnosis: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) due to a pathogenic variant, c.2152C>T-p.(Gln718Ter), in the PKD1 gene; late-onset phenylketonuria due to the presence of two missense variants, c.842C>T-p.(Pro281Leu) and c.143T>C-p.(Leu48Ser) in the PAH gene; and a 915 Kb duplication on chromosome 15. Few patients with multiple concurrent genetic diagnoses are reported in the literature; in this ADPKD patient, genome-wide analysis allowed for the diagnosis of adult-onset phenylketonuria (which would have otherwise gone unnoticed) and a 15q11.2 duplication responsible for cognitive and behavioral impairment with incomplete penetrance. This case underlines the importance of clinical genetics for interpreting complex results obtained by genome-wide techniques, and for diagnosing concurrent late-onset monogenic conditions.

Cancer Pain and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation-A Narrative Review.

Background and Objectives: Pain is the most prevalent symptom in cancer patients. There is a paucity of data regarding non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with cancer. The purpose of this article is to review the techniques of NIBS and present the published experiences of the oncological population. Materials and Methods: Databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles on cancer patients with pain that was managed with non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. We included articles in English that were published from inception to January 2023. As studies were limited in number and had different designs and methodologies, a narrative review was considered as the best option to integrate data. Results: Four studies focusing on transcranial magnetic stimulation, six articles on transcranial direct current stimulation, and three articles regarding cranial electric stimulation were found and reviewed. Conclusions: Data are limited and not robust. Further studies in this field are required. Guidelines on NIBS for non-malignant chronic pain conditions provide good premises for cancer-related chronic pain.

Social Participation: A Strategy to Manage Depression in Disabled Populations.

This study aimed to investigate whether social participation (SP) can decrease depressive symptom severity in disabled older adults. A total of 5,937 disabled participants (4877, 1970, 219, and 8 participants responding 1, 2, 3, 4 times, respectively), obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, were enrolled in our analysis. Based on pooled Ordinary Least Square regressions, SP was associated with decreased depressive symptom severity, and this association was significant in recreational activities and interacting with friends. For brain-disabled respondents, the association was not significant. SP is effective in decreasing depressive symptom severity in disabled older populations. Diversified activities and targeted interventions should be applied to specified older disabled populations to prevent depression.

Correlations between depressives symptom severity and social participation (SP) among disable older adults were measured in a Chinese context.Pooled Ordinary Least Square regression were used to explore the impact of SP on depressives symptom severity in older populations with disabilities.Social participation, including recreational activities and interacting with friends, was associated with decreased depressives symptom severity in disabled middle-aged and older adults.The impact of SP on depressives symptom severity was not significant for older adults with brain disabilities.

Factors Associated With High Rates of Depressive Symptomatology in Older People in Vietnam.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptomatology among Vietnamese older people. METHOD: We used baseline survey data collected in 2018 from the Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in Vietnam (LSAHV) conducted across seven regions and comprising 6,050 people aged 60 years and over of whom 4962 completed the brief 11-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Clinically significant depressive symptomatology was a CES-D score of 8.8 or higher. The association between demographic, physical, and mental factors with depressive symptomatology was examined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 31.3% (95% CI 29.8% - 32.9%). Depressive symptomatology was highest among people living in the Central Coast region (46.8%, 95% CI 44.5% - 49.2%). Factors associated with depressive symptomatology from the multivariable model included female sex (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), rural residence (OR 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.7), not having a partner (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-1.9), low income (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.5-2.1), and health-limitations on activities (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6). Poorer self-rated mental health (OR 2.1, 95% CI:1.8-2.5) or general health status (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.9) was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptomatology, as was poorer function with respect to different activities of daily living, and dissatisfaction with current life (OR 6.1, 95% CI: 4.4-8.4). CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptomatology was frequent among older Vietnamese. Efforts to improve mental health in older persons in Vietnam, including prevention, early intervention and better medical care, appear warranted.

Idahoa and Subularia: Hidden polyploid origins of two enigmatic genera of crucifers.

PREMISE: The monotypic Idahoa (I. scapigera) and the bispecific Subularia (S. aquatica and S. monticola) belong to Brassicaceae with unclear phylogenetic relationships and no tribal assignment. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated these species and their closest relatives by combining cytogenomic and phylogenomic methods. METHODS: We used whole plastome sequences in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. We tested the phylogenetic informativeness of shared genomic repeats. We combined nuclear gene tree reconciliation and comparative chromosome painting (CCP) to examine the occurrence of past whole-genome duplications (WGDs). RESULTS: The plastid data set corroborated the sister relationship between Idahoa and Subularia within the crucifer Lineage V but failed to resolve consistent topologies using both inference methods. The shared repetitive sequences provided conflicting pwhylogenetic signals. CCP analysis unexpectedly revealed that Idahoa (2n = 16) has a diploidized mesotetraploid genome, whereas two Subularia species (2n = 28 and 30) have diploidized mesoctoploid genomes. Several ancient allopolyploidy events have also been detected in closely related taxa (Chamira circaeoides, Cremolobeae, Eudemeae, and Notothlaspideae). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the contentious phylogenetic placement of Idahoa and Subularia is best explained by two WGDs involving one or more shared parental genomes. The newly identified mesopolyploid genomes highlight the challenges of studying plant clades with complex polyploidy histories and provide a better framework for understanding genome evolution in the crucifer family.