Myxaoside A, a new triterpenoid saponin from Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae).

The phytochemical study of Cordia myxa L. led to the isolation, through chromatographic techniques, of a new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-(6-O-acetyl-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)]-22ß-hydroxyolean-12-ene (3) namely Myxaoside A, together with three known compounds, Soyasaponine I (1), oleanolic acid (2), and 3-O-acetyl-oleanolic acid (4). All structures were established, based on 1 & 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previous published reports. Compound 1-4 were evaluated for their antibacterial activity on various strains of bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio cholerae. It appears that compounds 1 and 3 were active on all the tested microbial species, while compounds 2 and 4, shown no significant effect on S. aureus and K. pneumoniae at low concentrations 6.5 mg/mL and 3.0 mg/mL.

Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Analysis Reveal Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Cordia myxa in the Treatment of Liver Cancer.

Traditional treatments of cancer have faced various challenges, including toxicity, medication resistance, and financial burdens. On the other hand, bioactive phytochemicals employed in complementary alternative medicine have recently gained interest due to their ability to control a wide range of molecular pathways while being less harmful. As a result, we used a network pharmacology approach to study the possible regulatory mechanisms of active constituents of Cordia myxa for the treatment of liver cancer (LC). Active constituents were retrieved from the IMPPAT database and the literature review, and their targets were retrieved from the STITCH and Swiss Target Prediction databases. LC-related targets were retrieved from expression datasets (GSE39791, GSE76427, GSE22058, GSE87630, and GSE112790) through gene expression omnibus (GEO). The DAVID Gene Ontology (GO) database was used to annotate target proteins, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia and Genome Database (KEGG) was used to analyze signaling pathway enrichment. STRING and Cytoscape were used to create protein-protein interaction networks (PPI), while the degree scoring algorithm of CytoHubba was used to identify hub genes. The GEPIA2 server was used for survival analysis, and PyRx was used for molecular docking analysis. Survival and network analysis revealed that five genes named heat shot protein 90 AA1 (HSP90AA1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) are linked with the survival of LC patients. Finally, we conclude that four extremely active ingredients, namely cosmosiin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and rubinin influence the expression of HSP90AA1, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for LC. These results were further validated by molecular dynamics simulation analysis, which predicted the complexes with highly stable dynamics. The residues of the targeted protein showed a highly stable nature except for the N-terminal domain without affecting the drug binding. An integrated network pharmacology and docking study demonstrated that C. myxa had a promising preventative effect on LC by working on cancer-related signaling pathways.

Caracterização farmacognóstica dos frutos de Cordia sellowiana Cham. e de Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae Jussieu) / Pharmacognostic diagnosis of fruits of Cordia sellowiana Cham. and Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae Jusssieu)

Os frutos de Cordia sellowiana Cham. e Cordia myxa L. utilizados como emolientes demulcentes, béquicos e expectorantes foram estudados morfológico-anatomicamente, visando sua caracterização farmacognóstica. Foram fornecidos subsídios à identificação destes órgãos vegetais no estado natural e quando transformados em droga. A abordagem fitoquímica realizada permitiu por em evidência a presença de alcalóides, flavonóides, taninos e mucilagens. Em decorrência da presença de mucilagens, foi determinado o índice de intumescência dos frutos.

The fruits of Cordia sellowiana Cham. and Cordia myxa L. utilized like emollients, demulcents, antitussive and expectorants have been morphological and anatomically studied aiming the pharmacognostic diagnosis. Subsides have been offered to the identification of the vegetable organs in nature and as crude drug. Phytochemical screening detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and mucilages. Due to the existence of mucilages the intumescence index of the fruits has been determined.