Atomic-Limit Mott Insulator in [4]Triangulene Frameworks.

Triangulene, one unique class of zigzag-edged triangular graphene molecules, has attracted tremendous research interest. In this work, as an ultimate phase of the Mott insulator, we present the realization of the atomic-limit Mott insulator in experimentally synthesized [4]triangulene frameworks ([4]-TGFs) from first-principles calculations. The frontier molecular orbitals of the nonmagnetic [4]triangulene consist of three coupled corner modes. After the isolated [4]triangulene is assembled into [4]-TGF, one special enantiomorphic flat band is created through the coupling of these corner modes, which is identified to be a second-order topological insulator with half-filled topological corner states at the Fermi level. Moreover, [4]-TGF prefers an antiferromagnetic ground state under Hubbard interactions, which further splits these metallic zero-energy states into an atomic-limit Mott insulator with spin-polarized corners. Since the fractional filling of topological corner states is a smoking-gun signature of higher-order topology, our results demonstrate a universal approach to explore the atomic-limit Mott insulators in higher-order topological materials.

Design of Antiferromagnetic Second-Order Band Topology with Rotation Topological Invariants in Two Dimensions.

The existence of fractionally quantized topological corner charge serves as a key indicator for two-dimensional (2D) second-order topological insulators (SOTIs), yet it has not been experimentally observed in realistic materials. Here, based on effective model analysis and symmetry arguments, we propose a strategy for achieving SOTI phases with in-gap corner states in 2D systems with antiferromagnetic (AFM) order. We discover that the band topology originates from the interplay between intrinsic spin-orbital coupling and interlayer AFM exchange interactions. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the 2D AFM SOTI phase can be realized in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)m films. Moreover, we demonstrate that the SOTI states are linked to rotation topological invariants under 3-fold rotation symmetry C3, resulting in fractionally quantized corner charge, i.e., n3|e| (mod e). Due to the great achievements in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)m systems, our results providing reliable material candidates for experimentally accessible AFM SOTIs should draw intense attention.

Multiple Topological Phases with Electronic Correlation in Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Semimetal VI3 Monolayer.

2D topological materials with magnetic ordering have become hot topics due to their nontrivial band topology and quantum states. In this work, the second-order topological states and evolution of linear band crossing are successfully predicted utilizing the effective k· p and tight binding models in the intrinsic ferromagnetic VI3 monolayer under various effective Hubble interaction Ueff. Upon inclusion of spin orbit coupling, a small bandgap (Eg-1) of 12.7 meV is opened with a Chern invariant C = -1 at Ueff = 0 eV. The Eg-1 undergoes a transition from the non-trivial state to trivial state at Ueff = 0.80 eV, accompanied by the appearance of Dirac cone. Remarkably, the increase of Ueff causes the band inversion and adjustment of crystal symmetry, resulting in two unreported coexisting topological bandgaps (Eg-2 and Eg-3). Furthermore, a gapless node-loop appears at Ueff = 1.06 eV and disappears at Ueff = 1.09 eV around Γ point. Moreover, for the first time, the existence of second-order topological states with quantized corner fractional charges (e/3) is also observed in the VI3 monolayer at Ueff ≥0.96 eV. These results make the VI3 monolayer a compelling candidate for exploring topological devices.

Unexpected findings in cervical spine in spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sutcliff type FN1-related.

The autosomal dominant spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sutcliff type or corner fracture type FN1-related is characterized by a combination of metaphyseal irregularities simulating fractures ("corner fractures"), developmental coxa vara, and vertebral changes. It is linked to heterozygous mutations in FN1 and COL2A1. Vertebral changes as delayed vertebral ossification, ovoid vertebral bodies, anterior vertebral wedging, and platyspondyly have been observed in this condition, while odontoid abnormalities have not been reported. We report an odontoid anomaly in a girl with SMD-CF FN1-related showing the heterozygous variant c.505T>A; p.(Cys169Ser), presenting at 11.9 years of age with acute quadriparesis. Images showed spinal cord compression and injury associated with os odontoideum and C1-C2 instability. She required decompression and instrumented occipitocervical stabilization, suffering from residual paraparesis. This paper describes the first case of SMD-CF FN1-related accompanied by odontoid anomalies.

Adjusting for false discoveries in constraint-based differential metabolic flux analysis.

One of the critical steps to characterize metabolic alterations in multifactorial diseases, as well as their heterogeneity across different patients, is the identification of reactions that exhibit significantly different usage (or flux) between cohorts. However, since metabolic fluxes cannot be determined directly, researchers typically use constraint-based metabolic network models, customized on post-genomics datasets. The use of random sampling within the feasible region of metabolic networks is becoming more prevalent for comparing these networks. While many algorithms have been proposed and compared for efficiently and uniformly sampling the feasible region of metabolic networks, their impact on the risk of making false discoveries when comparing different samples has not been investigated yet, and no sampling strategy has been so far specifically designed to mitigate the problem. To be able to precisely assess the False Discovery Rate (FDR), in this work we compared different samples obtained from the very same metabolic model. We compared the FDR obtained for different model scales, sample sizes, parameters of the sampling algorithm, and strategies to filter out non-significant variations. To be able to compare the largely used hit-and-run strategy with the much less investigated corner-based strategy, we first assessed the intrinsic capability of current corner-based algorithms and of a newly proposed one to visit all vertices of a constraint-based region. We show that false discoveries can occur at high rates even for large samples of small-scale networks. However, we demonstrate that a statistical test based on the empirical null distribution of Kullback-Leibler divergence can effectively correct for false discoveries. We also show that our proposed corner-based algorithm is more efficient than state-of-the-art alternatives and much less prone to false discoveries than hit-and-run strategies. We report that the differences in the marginal distributions obtained with the two strategies are related to but not fully explained by differences in sample standard deviation, as previously thought. Overall, our study provides insights into the impact of sampling strategies on FDR in metabolic network analysis and offers new guidelines for more robust and reproducible analyses.

What does it take for healthy food retail programmes to be successful? Lessons learned in New York City.

OBJECTIVE: Healthy food retail programmes (HFRP) in the USA generally aim to increase healthy foods access to improve diet quality and health, yet the impact is mixed. These programmes primarily target adults, even though adolescents frequently and independently visit stores to purchase snacks. This study's aims are to explore successes and challenges of implementing HFRP (Aim 1) and examine how HFRP can be tailored to adolescents (Aim 2). DESIGN: One-time, virtual, semi-structured interviews with individuals who were involved in a HFRP, followed by a socio-demographic characteristics survey. Interviews were designed based on the RE-AIM framework and the Hexagon Tool and analysed using Braun and Clark's (2006) thematic analysis approach. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise participants' socio-demographic characteristics. SETTING: New York City (NYC). PARTICIPANTS: Adults (18 years or older) who have designed, implemented and/or evaluated an HFRP in NYC and speak/understand English (n 21). RESULTS: Aim 1: For successes, strategies to build relationships with the community were most discussed. Regarding challenges, securing reliable funding was the hardest to overcome. Suggested solutions included designing profitable HFRP, targeting shortcomings in food distribution systems and increasing consumer demand. Aim 2: Most participants had not considered adolescents in previous HFRP but suggested involving youth in developing HFRP to encourage youth-driven solutions and promote youth advocacy. CONCLUSIONS: Future HFRP should focus on activities that help store owners purchase affordable healthy foods from distributors, which translates to affordability for customers. Federal and local policies can assist by funding complementary programmes. Additionally, adolescents should be considered in these efforts.

Evidence for biosurfactant-induced flow in corners and bacterial spreading in unsaturated porous media.

The spread of pathogenic bacteria in unsaturated porous media, where air and liquid coexist in pore spaces, is the major cause of soil contamination by pathogens, soft rot in plants, food spoilage, and many pulmonary diseases. However, visualization and fundamental understanding of bacterial transport in unsaturated porous media are currently lacking, limiting the ability to address the above contamination- and disease-related issues. Here, we demonstrate a previously unreported mechanism by which bacterial cells are transported in unsaturated porous media. We discover that surfactant-producing bacteria can generate flows along corners through surfactant production that changes the wettability of the solid surface. The corner flow velocity is on the order of several millimeters per hour, which is the same order of magnitude as bacterial swarming, one of the fastest known modes of bacterial surface translocation. We successfully predict the critical corner angle for bacterial corner flow to occur based on the biosurfactant-induced change in the contact angle of the bacterial solution on the solid surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that bacteria can indeed spread by producing biosurfactants in a model soil, which consists of packed angular grains. In addition, we demonstrate that bacterial corner flow is controlled by quorum sensing, the cell-cell communication process that regulates biosurfactant production. Understanding this previously unappreciated bacterial transport mechanism will enable more accurate predictions of bacterial spreading in soil and other unsaturated porous media.

Lunate-capitate arthrodesis for scaphoid nonunion: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) injuries are frequently associated with irreversible degenerative wrist arthritic changes that necessitate surgical intervention. Midcarpal fusion remains the mainstay of the management of SNAC II and III injuries. A successful four-corner fusion (4CF) relies on a stable lunate-capitate fusion (LCF). There have been reports of management relying solely on LCF. The outcomes of LC- and 4 C-fusions in SNAC injuries were not widely documented. The objective of this research is to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of both fusion procedures in the management of SNAC II and III wrist injuries, with a focus on reporting associated complications, functional and radiological outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study encompassed 65 patients diagnosed with SNAC II and III wrist injuries who underwent limited wrist fusion procedures between 2015 and 2024, with a minimum of 2 years of postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria encompassed patients with carpal instability, prior wrist surgical interventions, and scapholunate advanced collapse. Following the fusion procedure performed, patients were stratified into two groups: the LCF group consisting of 31 patients, and the 4CF group comprising 34 patients. Preoperative and intraoperative data were retrieved from the patient's medical records. At their final follow-up appointments, patients underwent comprehensive radiographic and clinical evaluations. Clinical outcomes including hand grip strength, range of motion, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score, and the Mayo Modified Wrist Score, were compared between groups. Any associated complications were reported. RESULTS: The average healing time was 74.7 ± 15.6 and 72.2 ± 13.2 days for the LCF and 4CF groups, respectively. At the final visit, all patients showed functional improvement relative to their preoperative status, with comparable wrist range of motions observed in both groups. The functional wrist scores were slightly better in the LCF patients (P > 0.05). The average grip strength was significantly greater in the LCF group (P = 0.04), with mean strength values of 86.8% and 82.1% of the contralateral side, for the LCF and 4CF groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The LCF is not less efficient than the 4CF in the treatment of SNAC II and III wrist injuries. Through a less time-consuming procedure, LCF can efficiently provide comparable results to 4CF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: level IV evidence.

Isolated distal grade III lateral collateral ligament injury: what is the real clinical impact in professional athletes?

The isolated III grade lateral collateral ligament injuries are rare, and there is limited literature available on their management. We report 3 cases of professional soccer players with isolated distal lateral collateral ligament III grade injury, confirmed by MRI studies. After undergoing MRI examinations, all three players resumed competitive activity without resting and experienced no consequences regarding joint stability. We assessed the significance of the lateral collateral ligament in providing lateral stabilization to the knee joint in professional footballers with clinical tears of the lateral collateral ligament. The other structures of posterolateral area that remain intact contribute to joint stability, and the lateral collateral ligament's extra-articular position appears to expedite the ligament's healing process. Therefore, we propose a possible conservative treatment approach, mostly for professional athletes and adolescent patients, involving a rehabilitation plan without the need for surgery.

Comparison between classic 'Fisch' and 'corner-tag' meatoplasty techniques after canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of two different methods of meatoplasty following Canal Wall-Down tympanomastoidectomy. METHODS: A retrospective case review study of 48 patients with non-complicated unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media candidate for post-auricular canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy via a post-auricular approach at Otolaryngology department, Benha university hospitals from January 2021 to January 2023, all were operated for the first time, and divided into 2 groups each of 24 patients. Group A submitted for classic 'Fisch', and group B 'Corner-Tag' meatoplasty. RESULTS: The mean age was 28.88 ± 13.26 years in group A and 33.33 ± 16.04 years in group B. Only one patient (4.2 %) in each group developed wound infection and none in both groups developed perichondritis. Two patients (8.3 %) in group B compared to only one patient (4.2 %) in group A had granulations on the meatal incision. One patient (4.2 % of group A) needed revision meatoplasty. Group B needed more time for epithelization (mean 7.33 ± 0.96 weeks) than group A (mean 6.5 ± 0.88 weeks; P = 0.003*) also resulted in wider mean new meatus in group B (mean 10.50 ± 1.02 mm) than in group A (mean 9.63 ± 1.41 mm; P = 0.02*). CONCLUSION: Both techniques had comparable post-operative complications. 'Corner-Tag' technique needed more time for healing and epithelization but gave a wider new meatal diameter than 'Fisch' meatoplasty after one year of follow-up.

Professional soccer players perceptions of the English Football Association 4 corner model in supporting first team transitions.

The English Football Association (FA from hereon in) 4 Corner Model is a multidisciplinary framework that aims to enhance player talent identification and development, and is characterised by physical, social, technical/tactical and psychological components. Despite the framework being prominent within English football development pathways, player insights into the effectiveness of the framework in supporting academy to first team transitions are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore established first team professional footballer's perceptions of the FA 4 Corner Model, in relation to the attributes that they perceived to facilitate the successful transition to a professional first team environment. Twelve current (n = 8) and ex (n = 4) professional players who had successfully transitioned from a youth academy, and subsequently became an established first team player, were interviewed for the study. Interpretations across the qualitative data set highlighted the importance of players adapting to physical and tactical demands, while also dealing with different psychosocial factors when entering a first team setting. The study highlights that disparities can exist between players, coaches, practitioners, and sport scientists perceived development needs, a situation that could hinder players progression through the player pathway.

Occurrence of Stem Rot on Acacia mangium Caused by Amauroderma subresinosum.

Acacia mangium has the characteristics of developed root system, nitrogen fixation and soil improvement, fast growth and high yield, and improvement of soil fertility. It is often used as a windbreak tree species in rubber plantations, a highway shade tree, for coastal and mountain restoration in Hainan . In October 2021, a stem rot disease with an incidence of 3% was found in Baisha city(19°22'18″N,109°16'58″E), Hainan Province, China. In the early stage of the disease, the crown showed chlorotic leaves, followed by defoliation. In later stages, whole tree dieback was observed. The basal tissue of the stem of the diseased tree had white rot, and black-brown basidiocarps were observed about 1 m away from the ground. The basidiocarps surface of fresh was disinfected with 75 % ethanol, the epidermal tissue was removed, and the inner tissue blocks were transferred to PDA medium. After culturing in dark at 28°C for 3 days, a colony with white aerial mycelium was isolated and designated: HNBSMZXS20211011001. The basidiocarp was dark brown, sessile, mostly one-year-old, and the cap is nearly semi-circular, wooden, slightly shiny, with a size of 14.7 to 18.1cm × 9.5 to 10.1 cm. The base is thick (5 to 6.5 cm) and the edge is thin (0.3 to 0.7 cm). The basidiospores are oval, 10.7 to 13.65µm × 6.7 to 9.06µm in size, with a double-layer wall. The outer wall is transparent and the inner wall is light yellow. The basidiospores contain 1~2 oil droplets. The morphological features are consistent with those of Amauroderma subresinosum (Murrill) Corner (Zhang et al., 2000). The basidiocarps and type strain cultures were stored as accessions in the Laboratory of Plant Pathogen Fungus Biology, Hainan University. For pathogenicity tests, sawdust culture medium was used (soft sawdust 82%, wheat bran 15%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, mixed with water in proportion, sterilized at 121°C for 40min). The mycelium plug from a fresh culture (d=5mm) was taken from the edge of the colony of type strain, and transferred to the sterilized sawdust medium. When mycelium has colonized the media, it was used to inoculate plants. Media without mycelium was used as a control. Naturally growing seedlings (three year old) of A.mangium were selected from the teaching nurseries of Hainan University (20°6'25''N,110°32'24''E). First, 75 % alcohol was sprayed on the stem of the base of A.mangium for surface disinfection. After the surface was dried, a slight wound (about 4×2cm) was made on the surface with a sterilized scalpel. A inoculated and control sawdust media rods were tightly attached to the wound, moistened with cotton balls soaked in sterile water, and then fixed with plastic wrap, and the outer layer was wrapped with newsprint. Inoculation and controls were replicated three times. Two months after inoculated, the stems of the plants inoculated with the isolated fungus grew white hyphae and showed white rot symptoms, and the leaves became chlorotic and defoliated with complete tree decline in six months, which was consistent with the original symptoms observed. By comparison, white callus had grown on the edge of the stem wounds of the control plants. The same fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated plants and confirmed as A.subresinosum based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the ribosomal large subunit(LSU), and the translation elongation factor 1-α(EF1-α) gene sequence, the fungus was not isolated from control plants thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. The ITS region of r-DNA, the ribosomal large subunit(LSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene(EF1-α) were amplified using ITS1/ITS4(White et al. 1990), LR0R/LR5(Hu et al. 2021), EF1-983F/EF1-1567R(Buckley et al. 2005) primers, respectively. The sequences of ITS (OQ674500), LSU (OQ674502) and EF1-α gene (OQ883944) were submitted to GenBank. Through with BLAST, the identities of the ITS, LSU and EF1-α sequences to A.subresinosum (GenBank Accession no. ITS: LC176755; LSU: MK119903 and EF1-α: MK121572) was 99.82%; 99.15% and 99.82%, respectively, the identities were more than 99 %. It was reported that A.subresinosum could infect Casuarina equisetifolia and Areca catechu(Chen et al., 2016; Cheng. 2017; Wu et al., 2019). However, this is the first report of Amauroderma subresinosum causing stem rot of Acacia mangiumin Hainan, China. This report will facilitate field diagnosis and provide scientific reference for further research on the disease.

The anteromedial retinaculum in ACL-injured knees: An overlooked injury?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the pattern of injury to the medial knee structures in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patients. It was hypothesised that anteromedial injuries would be more common than posteromedial lesions. METHODS: One hundred and twenty subjects aged 18-25 years with a primary ACL injury were included. Patients were excluded if the time between injury and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was more than 28 days or if a knee dislocation or fracture was present. The MRIs were analysed with particular emphasis on injuries to the medial knee structures, menisci and bone bruise patterns. Injuries to the ligaments and anteromedial retinaculum (AMR) were graded according to severity, ranging from periligamentous oedema (grade I), partial fibre disruption of less or more than 50% (grade IIa or IIb) to complete tears (grade III). RESULTS: AMR injury was seen in 87 subjects (72.5%) on the coronal plane and in 88 (73.3%) on the axial plane, with grade III lesions observed in 27 (22.5%) and 29 knees (24.2%). Injuries to the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), deep MCL (dMCL) and posterior oblique ligament (POL) were detected in 60 patients (50%), 93 patients (77.5%) and 38 patients (31.6%). However, grade III injuries to the POL were observed in only seven knees (5.8%). Medial meniscus injuries were associated with lesions of the sMCL and AMR (p < 0.05), while lateral meniscus injuries were significantly more common in patients with dMCL rupture (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Data from this study suggest that injuries to the AMR are much more common than posteromedial lesions in subjects with ACL injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Combined PCL instabilities cannot be identified using posterior stress radiographs in external or internal rotation: A cadaveric study.

PURPOSE: Posterior stress radiography is recommended to identify isolated or combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiencies. The posterior drawer in internal (IR) or external rotation (ER) helps to differentiate between these combined instabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate posterior stress radiography (PSR) in isolated and combined PCL deficiency with IR and ER compared to PSR in neutral rotation (NR) for diagnosing combined PCL instabilities. METHODS: Six paired fresh-frozen human cadaveric legs (n = 12) were mounted in a Telos device for PSR. The tibia was rotated using an attached foot apparatus capable of rotating the foot 30° internally and externally. A posterior tibial load of 15 kp (147.1 N) was applied to the tibial tubercle at 90° knee flexion, and a lateral radiograph was obtained. This was repeated with the foot in 30° IR and ER. The PCL, posterolateral complex (PLC), and posteromedial complex (PMC) were sectioned in six knees, while the PMC was sectioned before the PLC in the other six knees. Posterior tibial displacement (PTD) was measured radiographically. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA and a mixed model with Bonferroni correction, and the significance was set at p < 0.05. Furthermore, intra- and interobserver reliability was determined. RESULTS: Cutting the PCL significantly increased the radiographic PTD by 9.8 ± 1.8 mm (side-to-side difference compared to the intact state of the knee, n = 12; p < 0.001). This further increased to 12.2 ± 2.3 mm (n = 6; p < 0.01) with an additional PLC deficiency and to 15.4 ± 3.4 mm (n = 6; p < 0.05) with an additional PMC deficiency. A combined PLC and PMC deficiency resulted in an increase of the PTD to 15.9 ± 4.5 mm (n = 12; p < 0.01). In the PCL/PLC deficient state, ER did not demonstrate a higher PTD, compared to the NR and IR posterior drawer. In the PCL/PMC deficient state in IR, PTD was 1.6 ± 0.7 mm (p < 0.01) higher compared to NR and 3.2 ± 1.9 mm (p < 0.05) higher compared to ER. We showed excellent intra- and interobserver reliability (0.987-0.997). CONCLUSION: Combined PCL instabilities resulted in a significant increase in posterior tibial displacement in posterior stress radiographs. However, PSR in IR or ER was unable to differentiate between these combined instabilities. Based on our data, additional stress radiographs in rotation are unlikely to provide any diagnostic benefit in the clinical setting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: There is no level of evidence as this study was an experimental laboratory study.

Ligament augmentation and reconstruction system (LARS) synthetic grafts are safe and effective for medial collateral ligament and posterolateral corner reconstructions in elite athletes.

PURPOSE: This study documents the efficacy and safety of using a Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) ligament graft to augment extra-articular knee ligament reconstructions in elite athletes by reporting return-to-play (RTP) rates and levels, career longevity and complications. METHODS: A consecutive series of all extra-articular knee ligament reconstructions augmented by LARS ligaments in elite athletes undertaken by three specialist sports knee surgeons between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Seventy-six elite athletes, aged over 16 years old, and more than 2 years postsurgery were included. RTP was defined as competing at professional level or national/international level in amateur sport. RESULTS: There were 64 medial collateral ligament (MCL) and 12 posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstructions. Fifty-two (68.4%) underwent concomitant autograft cruciate ligament(s) reconstruction. The mean age was 25.1 years (SD ± 4.5). Most were football (35, 46.1%) or rugby players (35, 46.1%). Sixty-seven athletes (88.2%) RTP with 65 (97.0%) of these playing at the same or higher Tegner level. Fifty-six (83.6%) of the athletes that RTP were still playing at 2 years postsurgery. Twenty (57.1%) of those who had RTP and were more than 5 years postsurgery were still playing at 5 years. Six (7.9%) players required further surgery relating to the LARS/metalwork. One case had soft tissue inflammation adjacent to the proximal end of the synthetic graft, but it is unknown if this was mechanical irritation or a biological reaction. One MCL reruptured 4 years after RTP. CONCLUSION: Utilising LARS to augment extra-articular knee ligament reconstructions allows 88.2% of athletes with a variety of knee ligament injuries to return to elite sport. The low morbidity rates coupled with 57% of athletes still playing 5 years postsurgery demonstrates that the LARS is safe and effective in these cases. Although there are reports of LARS ligaments being used in MCL and PLC reconstructions, there is very little evidence investigating if they are safe and effective. This study demonstrates that LARS synthetic grafts can be safely used for MCL and PLC reconstructions in elite athletes and they permit a high RTP with a low risk of complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Effect of Screw Length in Volar Plating for Intra-articular Distal Radius Fractures: A Biomechanical Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of varying screw lengths on load to failure and retention of the dorsal ulnar corner fragment after fixation of comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures in a cadaveric model. METHODS: Twenty-four fresh frozen cadaveric forearms were subjected to a standardized distal radius osteotomy to mimic an intra-articular fracture pattern. Dual X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed to ensure minimal variability in bone density. All fractures were fixed with a volar locking plate and distal locking screws. Three different lengths of distal locking screws were used in each group of eight specimens to simulate the clinical decision of different distal screw lengths. The screw lengths tested were bicortical, 100% of the width of the bone but unicortical, and 75% of the width of the bone and unicortical. All specimens were preconditioned with cyclic axial loading and then axially loaded using matching acrylic resin molds to clinical failure and fragment displacement as detected by a motion analysis system. Retention or loss of the dorsal ulnar corner fragment during loading was recorded as a binary variable. RESULTS: Between the three groups, there were no statistically significant differences in precycling stiffness, postcycling stiffness, load at 2 mm displacement of the dorsal ulnar corner, or force at failure. The group with 75% length screws had a significantly higher loss of reduction of the dorsal ulnar corner (86%) compared with the other groups (0%). CONCLUSIONS: Varying screw lengths did not affect the stiffness or overall loads to failure of axially loaded specimens. However, the 75% length screws did not reliably secure the dorsal ulnar corner fragments. Although this did not significantly affect the overall load to failure of the construct, displacement of this fragment may have implications for rotation of the forearm through the distal radioulnar joint. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgeons should consider the utilization of full-length unicortical locking screws to ensure adequate fixation of the dorsal ulnar corner. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Biomechanical study V.

Four-Corner Fusion Versus Proximal Row Carpectomy for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse and Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse Wrist: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Although proximal row carpectomy (PRC) has increasingly been shown to have superior features to four-corner fusion (4CF), individual surgeons may remain convinced of the superiority of one procedure based on personal experience and individual biases. Hence, we sought to perform an updated meta-analysis with some of the largest studies to date to compare outcomes and complications between these procedures in the treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrists. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane were queried for articles on PRC and 4CF performed for scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrist. Primary outcomes included wrist range of motion; grip strength; outcome measures, including Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation, and visual analog scale pain scores; and surgical complications. RESULTS: Sixty-one studies reported on 3,174 wrists, of which 54% were treated with PRC and 46% were treated with 4CF. The weighted mean follow-up was 61 months (range, 12-216 months). Meta-analysis comparing PRC and 4CF demonstrated that PRC had significantly greater postoperative extension; ulnar deviation; postoperative improvement in extension, flexion, ulnar deviation; and visual analog scale score. No comparisons showed significant differences in grip strength. The percentage of wrists requiring arthrodesis was 5.2% for PRC and 11% for 4CF. There was an 8.9% (57/640 wrists) 4CF nonunion rate and 2.2% (17/789) hardware removal rate after 4CF. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrists, PRC results in better outcomes and a lower complication rate compared to 4CF. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Surround Sensing Technique for Trucks Based on Multi-Features and Improved Yolov5 Algorithm.

The traditional rearview mirror method cannot fully guarantee safety when driving trucks. RGB and infrared images collected by cameras are used for registration and recognition, so as to achieve the perception of surroundings and ensure safe driving. The traditional scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm has a mismatching rate, and the YOLO algorithm has an optimization space in feature extraction. To address these issues, this paper proposes a truck surround sensing technique based on multi-features and an improved YOLOv5 algorithm. Firstly, the edge corner points and infrared features of the preset target region are extracted, and then a feature point set containing the improved SIFT algorithm is generated for registration. Finally, the YOLOv5 algorithm is improved by fusing infrared features and introducing a composite prediction mechanism at the prediction end. The simulation results show that, on average, the image stitching accuracy is improved by 17%, the time is reduced by 89%, and the target recognition accuracy is improved by 2.86%. The experimental results show that this method can effectively perceive the surroundings of trucks, accurately identify targets, and reduce the missed alarm rate and false alarm rate.

Research on Tire Surface Damage Detection Method Based on Image Processing.

The performance of the tire has a very important impact on the safe driving of the car, and in the actual use of the tire, due to complex road conditions or use conditions, it will inevitably cause immeasurable wear, scratches and other damage. In order to effectively detect the damage existing in the key parts of the tire, a tire surface damage detection method based on image processing was proposed. In this method, the image of tire side is captured by camera first. Then, the collected images are preprocessed by optimizing the multi-scale bilateral filtering algorithm to enhance the detailed information of the damaged area, and the optimization effect is obvious. Thirdly, the image segmentation based on clustering algorithm is carried out. Finally, the Harris corner detection method is used to capture the "salt and pepper" corner of the target region, and the segmsegmed binary image is screened and matched based on histogram correlation, and the target region is finally obtained. The experimental results show that the similarity detection is accurate, and the damage area can meet the requirements of accurate identification.

Magnetic Real Chern Insulator in 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Real Chern insulators have attracted great interest, but so far, their material realization is limited to nonmagnetic crystals and systems without spin-orbit coupling. Here, we reveal the magnetic real Chern insulator (MRCI) state in a recently synthesized metal-organic framework material Co3(HITP)2. Its ground state with in-plane ferromagnetic ordering hosts a nontrivial real Chern number, enabled by the C2zT symmetry and robustness against spin-orbit coupling. Distinct from previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner zero modes of MRCIs are spin-polarized. Furthermore, under small tensile strains, the material undergoes a topological phase transition from the MRCI to a magnetic double-Weyl semimetal phase, via a pseudospin-1 critical state. Similar physics can also be found in closely related materials Mn3(HITP)2 and Fe3(HITP)2, which also exist. Possible experimental detections and implications of an emerging magnetic flat band in the system are discussed.