Electrophysiological biomarkers in dual pathology.

INTRODUCTION: The co-occurrence of substance use disorder with at least one other mental disorder is called dual pathology, which in turn is characterised by heterogeneous symptoms that are difficult to diagnose and have a poor response to treatment. For this reason, the identification and validation of biomarkers is necessary. Within this group, possible electroencephalographic biomarkers have been reported to be useful in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, both in neuropsychiatric conditions and in substance use disorders. This article aims to review the existing literature on electroencephalographic biomarkers in dual pathology. METHODS: A narrative review of the literature. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, BIREME and Scielo databases, with the keywords: electrophysiological biomarker and substance use disorder, electrophysiological biomarker and mental disorders, biomarker and dual pathology, biomarker and substance use disorder, electroencephalography, and substance use disorder or comorbid mental disorder. RESULTS: Given the greater amount of literature found in relation to electroencephalography as a biomarker of mental illness and substance use disorders, and the few articles found on dual pathology, the evidence is organised as a biomarker in psychiatry for the diagnosis and prediction of risk and as a biomarker for dual pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Although the evidence is not conclusive, it suggests the existence of a subset of sites and mechanisms where the effects of psychoactive substances and the neurobiology of some mental disorders could overlap or interact.

Social determinants, symptoms and mental problems in adults internally displaced by armed conflict. Soacha, Colombia, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To characterise social determinants of health, mental health problems and potentially problematic symptoms in the adult population displaced by internal armed conflict in Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a random sample of 98 adults forcefully displaced to Soacha, Colombia, due to internal armed conflict. The Self Report Questionnaire to detect potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms, and a structured questionnaire on social determinants of health were applied. RESULTS: The median age was 38 [interquartile range, 28-46] years, and women predominated (69.39%). The median time since displacement was 36 [16-48] months, and time since settlement in Soacha, 48 [5-48] months. 86.32% survived on less than the minimum wage per month and 93.87% did not have an employment contract. 42.86% and 7.14% reported being owners of their homes before and after displacement, respectively. Upon arriving in Soacha, 79.60% went to primary support networks and 3% to institutions. Before displacement, 16.33% lacked health insurance and 27.55% afterwards. Regarding mental health problems; there were possible depressive or anxious disorders in 57.29%; possible psychosis in 36.73%; and potentially problematic symptoms in 91.66%, being more prevalent and serious in women (p = 0.0025). CONCLUSIONS: A deterioration in living conditions and a higher prevalence of potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms was reported in displaced adult populations settled in Soacha compared to other regions of the country. Analyses with complementary perspectives are required to evaluate these differences.

Psychiatric disorders in pregnant women admitted to the high-risk obstetric service in a Colombian university clinic between 2013 and 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychiatric diagnoses and treatments of patients admitted to the high-risk obstetric service who underwent a consultation with a liaison psychiatrist. METHODS: A descriptive observational study that included pregnant women from the high-risk obstetric service of a highly specialised clinic in Medellín, who had a liaison psychiatry consultation between 2013 and 2017. The main variables of interest were psychiatric and obstetric diagnoses and treatments, in addition to biopsychosocial risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 361 medical records were screened, with 248 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The main prevailing psychiatric diagnosis was major depressive disorder (29%), followed by adaptive disorder (21.8%) and anxiety disorders (12.5%). The pharmacologic treatments most used by the psychiatry service were SSRI antidepressants (24.2%), trazodone (6.8%) and benzodiazepines (5.2%). The most common primary obstetric diagnosis was spontaneous delivery (46.4%), and the predominant secondary obstetric diagnoses were hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy (10.4%), gestational diabetes (9.2%) and recurrent abortions (6.4%). Overall, 71.8% of the patients had a high biopsychosocial risk. CONCLUSIONS: The studied population's primary psychiatric disorders were major depressive disorder, adjustment disorder and anxiety disorders, which implies the importance of timely recognition of the symptoms of these perinatal mental pathologies, together with obstetric and social risks, in the prenatal consultation. Psychiatric intervention should be encouraged considering the negative implications of high biopsychosocial risk in both mothers and children.

Experience with the use of the DIALOG+ intervention in patients with severe mental illness in outpatient services in Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Severe mental disorders can cause significant and lasting distress for patients and their families and generate high costs through the need for care and loss of productivity. This study tests DIALOG+, an app-based intervention to make routine patient-clinician meetings therapeutically effective. It combines a structured evaluation of patient satisfaction with a solution-focused approach. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study, based on a controlled clinical trial, in which 9 psychiatrists and 18 patients used DIALOG+ monthly over a six-month period. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experiences of participants and analysed in an inductive thematic analysis focusing on the feasibility and effects of the intervention in the Colombian context. RESULTS: Experiences were grouped into five overall themes: a) impact of the intervention on the consultation and the doctor-patient relationship; b) impact on patients and in promoting change; c) use of the supporting app, and d) adaptability of the intervention to the Colombian healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: DIALOG+ was positively valued by most of the participants. Participants felt that it was beneficial to the routine consultation, improved communication and empowered patients to take a leading role in their care. More work is required to identify the patient groups that most benefit from DIALOG+, and to adjust it, particularly to fit brief consultation times, so that it can be rolled out successfully in the Colombian healthcare system.

Caracterización Epidemiológica de los Pacientes de la Clínica Ambulatoria del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Infancia y la Adolescencia de un Hospital Universitario de Paraguay: Estudio Trienal

El tema de la salud mental en niños y adolescentes requiere mayor atención. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las características de los pacientes de consulta externa de un centro especializado de un hospital universitario paraguayo. Este estudio empleó una serie retrospectiva, no probabilística, de casos consecutivos. Se examinaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de ambos sexos, de entre 2 y 17 años de edad, que solicitaron consulta en el Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente del Hospital de Clínicas entre julio de 2021 y julio de 2023, y que fueron diagnosticados con un trastorno mental según la CIE-10. Se recogieron datos demográficos y clínicos de 447 pacientes, representando 1278 consultas. La mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (57,7%), con una edad media de 13 ± 3 años. La mayoría de los pacientes (57,3%) procedían del Departamento Central, el 61,5% eran de zonas rurales y el 72% no tenían seguro médico. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron episodios depresivos (F32), otros trastornos de ansiedad (F41), trastornos de conducta (F91) y trastornos específicos de la personalidad (F60). Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan información crucial sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes, que es esencial para informar las políticas de salud mental, asignar recursos y formar a los profesionales sanitarios encargados de atender a este grupo de pacientes.

The topic of mental health in children and adolescents requires increased attention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of outpatient clinic patients at a specialized center within a Paraguayan University Hospital. This study employed a retrospective, non-probabilistic series of consecutive cases. The medical records of patients of both sexes, aged between 2 and 17 years, who sought consultation at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Hospital de Clínicas between July 2021 and July 2023, and were diagnosed with a mental disorder according to the ICD-10, were examined. Demographic and clinical data were collected from 447 patients, representing 1278 consultations. The majority of the patients were female (57.7%), with a mean age of 13 ± 3 years. Most patients (57.3%) were from the Central Department, 61.5% were from rural areas, and 72% did not have medical insurance. The most frequent diagnoses were depressive episodes (F32), other anxiety disorders (F41), conduct disorders (F91), and specific personality disorders (F60). The findings of this study provide crucial information on child and adolescent mental health, which is essential for informing mental health policies, allocating resources, and training healthcare professionals tasked with caring for this patient group.

Seroprevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii y su relación con trastornos mentales en adultos / Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and its Relationship with Mental Disorders in the Adult Population

El Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito que se encuentra, aproximadamente, en el 30 % de la población humana. Durante los últimos años se ha evidenciado que la infección latente puede ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales; particularmente para la esquizofrenia, ansiedad, trastornos bipolares y trastornos de conducta. La asociación con los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos pueden explicarse por la influencia que tiene el parásito sobre la expresión de múltiples neurotransmisores; entre ellos la dopamina. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO de 2015 a 2023, se seleccionaron artículos originales y de revisión de revistas científicas internacionales, en idiomas inglés y español con el objetivo de describir la relación entre la seroprevalencia de T. gondii y el desarrollo de trastornos mentales en población adulta. Existe relación entre los trastornos mentales en la población adulta con la infección por Toxoplasma gondii y este aumenta la posibilidad de desarrollar esquizofrenia y depresión en individuos sin historial previo, y que podría exacerbar cuadros psiquiátricos previos con dificultad en el tratamiento. Sin embargo, no todos los datos estadísticos establecen una relación directa, algunos estudios demuestran una asociación, ciertos datos son discordantes, lo que abre una puerta para futuras investigaciones.

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that is found in approximately 30 % of the human population. In recent years, it has been shown that latent infection can be a risk factor for the development of mental disorders; particularly schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorders, and conduct disorders. The association with neuropsychiatric disorders can be explained by the influence of the parasite on the expression of multiple neurotransmitters; among them, dopamine has received the most attention. A narrative bibliographic review article was done with the search of original and review articles in international scientific journals, in English and Spanish listing the relationship between the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the development of mental disorders in the adult population. The relationship between mental disorders in the adult population with Toxoplasma gondii infection is present and increases the possibility of developing schizophrenia and depression in individuals with no previous history, including the ability to worsen previous psychiatric conditions, making it difficult for standard management. Not all statistical data establish a direct relationship, some studies show an association and certain data are discordant, which opens a door for future research.

Implicaciones del consumo de bebidas azucaradas en la salud de los adolescentes / Implications of sugary beverage consumption on adolescent health

Fundamentos: La ingesta de bebidas azucaradas constituye un problema de salud pública, este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la literatura científica existente sobre los efectos que ocasiona el consumo de estas bebidas en la salud de los adolescentes. Métodos: A través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura (2016 y junio 2022), se realizó búsquedas en bases de datos, como Google Scholar, PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct, Web of Science y Scopus, empleando términos MeSH y DeCS. La revisión se centró en responder a la pregunta sobre los efectos del consumo de bebidas azucaradas en la salud de los adolescentes. Resultados: De 114 artículos recopilados se eliminaron los duplicados y se excluyeron 60 artículos tras la revisión de títulos y resúmenes. Después del análisis exhaustivo de 25 artículos, 15 se excluyeron por no cumplir con los criterios de elegibilidad, resultando en la selección final 10 artículos. El análisis reveló que el consumo de bebidas azucaradas se relaciona con alteraciones mentales y exceso de peso en adolescentes. Conclusiones: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas causa efectos perjudiciales en la salud de los adolescentes, aumentando el riesgo de exceso de peso y alteraciones en la salud mental como depresión, comportamientosagresivos y conductas suicidas. (AU)

Background: The intake of sugary drinks constitutes a public health problem. This study aimed to explore the existing scientific literature on the effects caused by the consumption of these drinks on the health of adolescents. Methods: Through an integrative review of the literature (2016 and June 2022), searches were carried out in databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus, using MeSH and DeCS terms. The review focused on answering the question about the effects of consuming sugary drinks on the health of adolescents. Results: From 114 articles collected; Duplicates were removed and 60 articles were excluded after reviewing titles and abstracts. After an exhaustive analysis of 25 articles, 15 were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria, resulting in the final selection of 10 articles. The analysis revealed that the consumption of sugary drinks is related to mental disorders and excess weight in adolescents. Conclusions: The consumption of sugary drinks causes harmful effects on the health of adolescents, increasing the risk of excess weight and alterations in mental health such as depression, aggressive behaviors and suicidal behaviors. (AU)

Alteraciones psiquiátricas en pacientes con antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Psychiatric alterations in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Objetivo: Caracterizar los trastornos mentales de los pacientes consultantes del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas enero 2020 ­enero 2021, que acudieron por primera vez y habían presentado infección por COVID-19 3 a 6 meses antes de consultar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal en pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas para emergencia (por primera vez y sucesivas) por presentar patologías mentales durante y posterior a infección por COVID-19 durante el periodo enero 2020-enero 2021. Resultados: De 718 pacientes, 53 que acudieron con patologías mentales habían presentado infección previa por COVID-19 representando el 7,38%. Edad promedio 27-29 años (66,03 %). La mayoría del sexo femenino (71,69 %). El 77,35 % provenían del Distrito Capital; el 18,86 % del estado Miranda, siendo el estado civil predominante la soltería con 73,58 %; el 56,60 % estaban desempleados y el 79,24 % no poseían nivel de instrucción. En relación a los diagnósticos: trastorno depresivo mayor con síntomas ansiosos (30,18 %), trastorno depresivo (18,86 %), episodio maniforme (1,88 %) episodio psicótico agudo (18,86 %), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (7,54 %), entre otros. Conclusión: Los síntomas psiquiátricos originados por infección por COVID-19 aparecen de forma más tardía y persisten después de la infección. Las mujeres manifestaron mayor riesgo de presentar síntomas relacionados con la salud mental; se asocia a alto nivel de vulnerabilidad a causa de la influencia de los roles sociales, ciclo reproductivo y mayor morbilidad psiquiátrica(AU)

Objective: To characterize the mental disorders of the consulting patients of the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas January 2020 -January 2021, who came for the first time and hapresented COVID-19 infection 3 to 6 monthsbefore consulting. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients who attended the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas for emergencies (for the first time and successive ones) due to presenting mental pathologies during and after COVID-19 during the period January 2020-January 2021. Results: Of 718 patients, 53 who came with mental pathologies had previous COVID-19 infection, representing 7.38%. Average age 27-29 years(66.03%). The majority were female (71.69%). 77.35% came from the Capital District; 18.86% from the state of Miranda, with the predominant marital status being single with 73.58%; 56.60% were unemployed and 79.24% had no educational level. In relation to the diagnoses: major depressive disorder with anxious symptoms (30.18%), depressive disorder (18.86%), maniform episode (1.88%), acute psychotic episode (18.86%), generalized anxiety disorder (7.54%), among others. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection appear later and persist after infection. Women expressed a greater risk of presenting symptoms related to mental health; It is associated with a high level of vulnerability due to the influence of social roles, reproductive cycle and greater psychiatric morbidit(AU)

Efectividad del modelo Individual Placement and Support en el trastorno mental grave: revisión sistemática / Effectiveness of the Individual Placement and Support model in severe mental disorder: a systematic review / Efetividade do modelo Individual Placement and Support em transtorno mental grave: uma revisão sistemática

Resumen Introducción El empleo es uno de los principales determinantes del estado general de salud. Para las personas que padecen un trastorno mental grave obtener un empleo supone un punto crucial en su recuperación por lo que la búsqueda, adquisición y mantenimiento de un empleo son objetivos fundamentales para las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en esta población. Objetivos Conocer los resultados de las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional basadas en el modelo Individual Placement and Support sobre la inserción laboral y la calidad de vida de personas con trastorno mental grave. Método Se empleó la declaración PRISMA según los criterios establecidos por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta Review Manager Web. El protocolo de revisión se registró en PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Resultados Se incluyeron 12 estudios. El rango de edad de los participantes oscila entre los 18 y 53 años, predominando el género masculino. Los resultados vocacionales demuestran que la tasa de empleo fue al menos un 20% mayor en el grupo de apoyo individualizado al empleo que en el grupo control. No se encontraron hallazgos concluyentes para los resultados no vocacionales. Conclusión Los resultados sugieren que este modelo es efectivo en la inserción laboral de las personas con trastorno mental grave. Son necesarios futuros estudios con mayor rigor metodológico para confirmar la eficacia de este modelo en las variables no vocacionales.

Abstract Introduction Employment is one of the main determinants of general health status. For people suffering from serious mental disorders, obtaining a job is a crucial point in their recovery, which is why finding, acquiring, and maintaining a job are fundamental objectives for occupational therapy interventions with this population. Objective Find out the results of occupational therapy interventions based on the Individual Placement and Support model in the labor market insertion and quality of life of people with severe mental disorders. Method A review was conducted according to the criteria established by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. Risk of bias was assessed using the Review Manager Web tool. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Results Twelve studies were included. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 53 years, with predominance of males. Vocational results show that the employment rate was at least 20% higher in the individualized employment support group than in the control group. No conclusive findings were found for non-vocational outcomes. Conclusion The results suggest that this model is effective in the employability of people with severe mental disorders. Future studies with greater methodological rigor are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this model in non-professional variables.

Resumo Introdução O trabalho é um dos principais determinantes do estado geral de saúde. Para pessoas que sofrem de transtorno mental grave, conseguir um emprego é um ponto crucial em sua recuperação, razão pela qual encontrar, adquirir e manter um emprego são objetivos fundamentais para intervenções de terapia ocupacional nessa população. Objetivo Conhecer os resultados das intervenções de terapia ocupacional baseadas no modelo Individual Placement and Support sobre a inserção no mercado de trabalho e a qualidade de vida de pessoas com transtorno mental grave. Método Uma revisão foi conduzida de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). As buscas foram realizadas nos seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Cochrane. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a ferramenta Review Manager Web. O protocolo de revisão foi registrado no PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Resultados Doze estudos foram incluídos. A idade dos participantes variou de 18 a 53 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino. Os resultados vocacionais demostram que a taxa de emprego foi pelo menos 20% maior no grupo de apoio individualizado ao emprego do que no grupo controle. Não foram encontrados achados conclusivos para os resultados não vocacionais. Conclusão : Os resultados sugerem que esse modelo é eficaz na integração ocupacional de pessoas com transtorno mental grave. São necessários estudos futuros com maior rigor metodológico para confirmar a eficácia desse modelo em variáveis não profissionais.

A 50 años de la exclusión de la homosexualidad del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM) / 50 years after the exclusion of homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

RESUMEN Se cumple medio siglo del hecho histórico constituido por la remoción de la homosexualidad como ítem diagnóstico en la clasificación norteamericana de trastornos psiquiátricos, es decir, en el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM). Aunque es un período breve, cuesta trabajo creer que, hasta hace 50 años, las personas homosexuales carecían de numerosos derechos civiles elementales en EE. UU. y que diversas leyes penalizaban actos sexuales privados y libremente consentidos entre adultos. Rememorar estos hechos significativos en el contexto de una acotada reseña de la historia conceptual de la homosexualidad como trasfondo es el objetivo fundamental de este artículo que, a la vez, constituye un recordatorio de muchas tareas pendientes en la salud mental y derechos humanos de las minorías sexuales, todavía víctimas de homofobia, estigma y segregación, más aún en países como el nuestro.

ABSTRACT It is half a century since the historical event constituted by the removal of homosexuality as a psychiatric diagnosis from the North American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Although it is a short period of time, it is hard to believe that fifty years ago, homosexual people lacked many basic civil rights in the United States and various laws criminalized private, freely consented sexual acts between adults. Recalling these significant events in the context of a summarized conceptual history of homosexuality is the main objective of this brief account which, at the same time, can serve as a reminder of many tasks pending in the mental health and human rights of sexual minorities, still victims of homophobia, stigma, and segregation, even more so in countries like Peru.

Prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos de pessoas em situação de rua em um grande centro urbano no Brasil / Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in homeless people in a large urban center in Brazil / Prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos en personas sin hogar en un gran centro urbano de Brasil

Introdução: O presente estudo visa descrever as condições de saúde mental mais prevalentes na população de rua em um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Objetivo: Descrever as condições de saúde mental mais prevalentes na população de moradores de rua em um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal realizado nas regiões centrais e periferias da cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. Para a descrição dos transtornos psiquiátricos utilizamos o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) para sintomas depressivos, item 9 do Inventário de Depressão de Beck para ideação suicida, pergunta autorreferida para uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e item 3 do PHQ-9 para qualidade do sono. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 44,54 (desvio padrão ­ DP=12,63) anos, e a maioria era do sexo masculino (n=342; 75%). Quanto à frequência de transtornos psiquiátricos identificados, 49,6% (n=226) dos participantes apresentaram sintomas depressivos, 29,8% (n=136) exibiram ideação suicida, 55,7% (n=254) informaram uso de álcool semanalmente, 34,2% (n=156) informaram usar drogas ilícitas semanalmente e 62,3% (n=284) tinham problemas com sono. Conclusões: A prevalência de condições que afetam a saúde mental entre os participantes é alta. Estes resultados poderão auxiliar profissionais de saúde na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento nessa população, pouco estudada.

Introduction: The present study aims to describe the most prevalent mental health conditions in the homeless population in a large Brazilian urban center. Objective: To describe the most prevalent mental health conditions in the population of homeless people in a large Brazilian urban center. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the central and periphery regions of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. For the description of psychiatric disorders, the following instruments were used: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory for suicidal ideation, the self-reported question for the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and item 3 of the PHQ-9 for sleep quality. Results: The mean age of participants was 44.54 (Standard Deviation=12.63) years, and most were men (n=342; 75%). Regarding the frequency of the identified psychiatric disorders, 49.6% (n=226) of the participants had depressive symptoms, 29.8% (n=136) had suicidal ideation, 55.7% (n=254) reported weekly alcohol use, 34.2% (n=156) reported using illicit drugs weekly, and 62.3% (n=284) had sleep problems. Conclusions: The prevalence of conditions that affect mental health among participants is high. These results may help health professionals to develop prevention and treatment strategies for this understudied population.

Introducción: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir las condiciones de salud mental más prevalentes en la población sin hogar en un gran centro urbano brasileño. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de salud mental más prevalentes en la población de personas sin hogar en un gran centro urbano brasileño. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en las regiones central y periférica de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Para la descripción de los trastornos psiquiátricos se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente - 9 (PHQ-9) para síntomas depresivos, el ítem 9 del Inventario de Depresión de Beck para ideación suicida, la pregunta autorreportada para uso de alcohol y drogas ilícitas y ítem 3 del PHQ-9 para la calidad del sueño. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 44,54 (DE=12,63) años, y la mayoría eran hombres (n=342; 75%). En cuanto a la frecuencia de los trastornos psiquiátricos identificados, el 49,6% (n=226) de los participantes presentaba síntomas depresivos, el 29,8% (n=136) tenía ideación suicida, el 55,7% (n=254) refería consumo semanal de alcohol, el 34,2% (n=156) refirió consumir drogas ilícitas semanalmente y el 62,3% (n=284) presentaba problemas de sueño. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de condiciones que afectan la salud mental entre los participantes es alta. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a desarrollar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento para esta población poco estudiada.

Common mental disorders in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: a scoping review / Trastornos mentales comunes en pacientes con trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas: revisión del alcance / Transtornos mentais comuns em pacientes transplantados com células-tronco hematopoéticas: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: to map common recurrent mental disorders in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: this is a scoping review carried out in January 2022 in electronic databases and repositories of dissertations and thesis. Studies that answered the research question, met the objective of the study and were available in full electronically, in any language, were included. Results: the sample consisted of 28 studies, 14 of which were published in the United States of America. The common mental disorders found were depressive, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and mood disorders. Twenty symptoms were mentioned, among the most prevalent are fatigue and sleep disorders/insomnia. Conclusions: the difficulty and importance of carrying out the differential diagnosis of these disorders were highlighted, since their symptoms can be confused with other health problems and have a strong potential to interfere with patients' evolution.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear los trastornos mentales recurrentes comunes en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Métodos: se trata de una revisión de alcance realizada en enero de 2022 en bases de datos electrónicas y repositorios de disertaciones y tesis. Se incluyeron publicaciones que respondieron a la pregunta de investigación, cumplieron con el objetivo del estudio y estaban disponibles en su totalidad en formato electrónico, en cualquier idioma. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 28 estudios, 14 de los cuales fueron publicados en los Estados Unidos de América. Los trastornos mentales comunes encontrados fueron depresión, ansiedad, estrés postraumático y trastornos del estado de ánimo. Se mencionaron 20 síntomas, entre los más prevalentes se encuentran fatiga y trastornos del sueño/insomnio. Conclusiones: se destacó la dificultad e importancia de realizar el diagnóstico diferencial de estos trastornos, ya que sus síntomas pueden confundirse con otros problemas de salud y tienen un fuerte potencial de interferir en la evolución del paciente.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear os transtornos mentais comuns recorrentes em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. Métodos: trata-se de revisão de escopo realizada em janeiro de 2022 em bases de dados eletrônicas e repositórios de dissertações e tese. Foram incluídas publicações que respondessem à questão de pesquisa, atendessem ao objetivo do estudo e que estivessem disponíveis na íntegra em meio eletrônico, em qualquer idioma. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 28 estudos, dos quais 14 foram publicados nos Estados Unidos da América. Os transtornos mentais comuns encontrados foram os transtornos depressivos, de ansiedade, estresse pós-traumático e de humor. Foram citados 20 sintomas, entre os mais prevalentes estão a fadiga e distúrbios do sono/insônia. Conclusões: evidenciaram-se a dificuldade e a importância de realizar o diagnóstico diferencial desses transtornos, uma vez que seus sintomas podem ser confundidos com outros problemas de saúde e têm forte potencial para interferir na evolução do paciente.

Hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol and other psychoactive substance use among adolescents in Brazil, 2017-2022 / Hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y de conducta relacionados con el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes en Brasil, 2017-2022 / Hospitalizações por transtornos mentais e comportamentais relacionados ao uso de álcool e outras substâncias psicoativas em adolescentes no Brasil, 2017-2022

Abstract Objective: To assess the epidemiological profile and trend in hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol and other psychoactive substance use among Brazilian adolescents, between 2017 and 2022. Methods: This was a time-series study using data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System; the trend analysis was performed by estimating the annual percentage change (APC) of hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants and respective confidence intervals (95%CI), using the Prais-Winsten method. Results: A total of 29,991 hospitalizations were recorded in the study period, with a decreasing trend observed, from 16.18/100,000 inhabitants in 2017 to 13.72/100,000 inhab. in 2022 (percent change of -2.65%; 95%CI -4.47;-0.80), a greater decline was found in males (-3.48%; 95%CI -5.20;-1.72), in the age group of 15 to 19 years (-2.79%; 95%CI -4.49;-1.06), in the South (-3.29%; 95%CI -5.37;-1.16) and Midwest (-3.64%; 95%CI -5.75;-1.49) regions of the country. Conclusion: Hospitalizations showed a decreasing trend in the study period, with sociodemographic disparities.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico y la tendencia de las hospitalizaciones por trastornos mentales y de comportamiento relacionados con el uso de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes brasileños, desde 2017 hasta 2022. Métodos: Estudio de serie temporal utilizando el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del Sistema Único de Salud; se evaluó la tendencia mediante la estimación del cambio porcentual anual (CPA) de las tasas de hospitalización por cada 100,000 habitantes y sus respectivos intervalos mediante el método de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Se registraron 29.991 hospitalizaciones durante el período y se observó una tendencia decreciente en Brasil, desde 16,18 hospitalizaciones por cada 100.000 habitantes en 2017 hasta 13,72 en 2022 (variación de -2,65%; IC₉₅% -4,47;-0,80), con mayor declive en hombres (-3,48%; IC₉₅% -5,20;-1,72), en la edad de 15 a 19 años (-2,79%; IC₉₅% -4,49;-1,06), en las regiones del Sur (-3,29%; IC₉₅% -5,37; -1,16) y Centro-Oeste (-3,64%; IC₉₅% -5,75;-1,49). Conclusión: Las hospitalizaciones mostraron una tendencia decreciente en el período, con disparidades sociodemográficas.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e a tendência das internações hospitalares por transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido ao uso de álcool e de outras substâncias psicoativas em adolescentes brasileiros, de 2017 a 2022. Métodos: Estudo de série temporal com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. A tendência foi analisada estimando-se a variação percentual anual (VPA) das taxas de internação por 100 mil habitantes e respectivos Intervalos pelo método de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram registradas 29.991 internações no período, sendo observada uma tendência decrescente das internações no Brasil, variando de 16,18 internações por 100 mil hab., em 2017, para 13,72 em 2022 (variação de -2,65%; IC₉₅% -4,47; -0,80), com maior declínio no sexo masculino (-3,48%; IC₉₅% -5,20;-1,72), na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (-2,79%; IC₉₅% -4,49;-1,06), nas regiões Sul (-3,29%; IC₉₅% -5,37;-1,16) e Centro-Oeste (-3,64%; IC₉₅% -5,75;-1,49). Conclusão: As internações apresentaram tendência decrescente no período, com disparidades sociodemográficas.

Experiencia clínica de la terapia electroconvulsiva con anestesia y relajación en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana: 2009-2017

Introducción: La terapia electroconvulsiva es un procedimiento efectivo y seguro, el cual se indica principalmente a pacientes con episodios depresivos tanto unipolares como bipolares, manía y esquizofrenia, cuando no responden a otros tratamientos. Objetivo: Describir las propiedades demográficas, sociales y clínicas de un grupo de pacientes tratados con terapia electroconvulsiva con anestesia y relajación (TECAR) en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana por un periodo de 8 arios. Métodos: Se revisan las bases de datos y los registros de los procedimientos desde el 1 de enero de 2009 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2017. Se realiza un análisis con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: En este periodo se realizaron 1.322 procedimientos a 143 pacientes, el 54,5% de ellos mujeres, y con diagnóstico asociado de depresión mayor en el 57% de los pacientes. El número de tratamientos por persona fue 9,2 y en el 3,8% se presentaron complicaciones, sin que se requiriese tratamiento invasivo en ninguna de ellas. Conclusiones: La terapia electroconvulsiva se aplica con seguridad a los pacientes y con parámetros diversos en cuanto a edad, sexo y diagnóstico más frecuente, en comparación con otros países de Latinoamérica y el mundo. Es importante sumar esfuerzos en investigación que permitan tener un panorama más completo de las características de su aplicación en el país.

Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective and safe procedure, which is indicated mainly in patients with both unipolar and bipolar depressive episodes, mania and schizophrenia, when they do not respond to other treatments. Objective: To describe the demographic, social and clinical properties of a group of patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with anaesthetic and muscular relaxant at the Universidad de La Sabana Clinic for a period of 8 years. Methods: The databases and records of the procedures were reviewed from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2017. An analysis was performed with descriptive statistics. Results: In this period, 1,322 procedures were performed on 143 patients (54.5% women) with an associated diagnosis of major depression in 57%. The number of treatments per person was 9.2 and complications occurred in 3.8%, without any of them requiring invasive management. Conclusions: Electroconvulsive therapy is performed safely in patients and with different parameters in terms of age, gender and diagnosis, in comparison to other countries in Latin America and the world. It is important to join efforts in research that allow a more complete overview of the characteristics of its application in the country.

Mental illness attitudes in medical education: Assessing the stigma in medical students / Actitudes hacia los trastornos mentales en la educación médica: evaluando el estigma en estudiantes médicos

Abstract Introduction Factors affecting the quality of physician care include a shortage of trained staff, stigma, and discrimination. Objective The objective was to compare the intensity of stigmatization before and after a Psychiatry course, as measured by the scale of clinicians' attitudes towards mental illness, a version for medical students (MICA-2) designed to identify stigmatic attitudes towards mental disorders. Method The fifth-year Medicine students enrolled in the Psychiatry course answered anonymously using the MICA-2 test at the start and the end of their course. Additionally, we asked the students to answer a question about their interest in learning more about mental illness. Results Three hundred and thirty students were invited; 300 agreed to participate in the first application of the scales, and 291 in the follow-up. The average age was 22 ± 2 years, with a range of 20-30 years, and there was a similar gender distribution in both applications. In the initial application, the average score of the MICA-2 was 41.34 (SD = 7.86, 95% CI = [40.43, 42.25]). The follow-up application's mean was 37.10 (SD = 8.15, 95% CI = [36.30, 38.15]). Also, there was a decrease in interest in learning more about mental illness. Discussion and conclusion A reduction in the average scores of the MICA-2 was observed after a Psychiatry course, suggesting that attitudes toward mental disorders improved. A Psychiatry clerkship with close supervision modified the attitudes of medical students toward mental disorders. However, it did not increase their interest in learning more about mental illness.

Resumen Introducción Los factores que afectan la calidad de la atención médica incluyen: la escasez de personal capacitado, el estigma y la discriminación. Objetivo El objetivo fue comparar la intensidad de la estigmatización antes y después del curso de Psiquiatría, se utilizó la escala de las actitudes de los clínicos hacia la enfermedad mental, versión para estudiantes médicos (MICA-2), diseñada para identificar actitudes estigmatizantes hacia los trastornos mentales. Método Los estudiantes médicos de quinto año que tomaban el curso de Psiquiatría respondieron de forma anónima la escala MICA-2 al inicio y al final del curso. Además, se les preguntó sobre su interés en aprender más sobre los trastornos mentales. Resultados Se invitaron a 330 estudiantes; 300 aceptaron participar en la primera aplicación de las escalas y 291 en el seguimiento. La edad promedio fue de 22 ± 2 años, con un rango de 20-30 años; con una distribución de género similar en ambas aplicaciones. En la aplicación inicial, la puntuación media del MICA-2 fue de 41.34 (DE = 7.86, IC 95% = [40.43, 42.25]). En la de seguimiento, la media fue de 37.10 (DE = 8.15, IC 95% = [36.30, 38.15]). El interés en aprender más sobre los trastornos mentales disminuyó. Discusión y conclusión Observamos una reducción en los puntajes promedio después de tomar el curso de Psiquiatría, lo que sugiere que las actitudes hacia los trastornos mentales mejoraron. Un curso de Psiquiatría con mayor disposición y supervisión estrecha modificó las actitudes hacia los trastornos mentales de los estudiantes médicos, pero su interés en aprender más sobre los trastornos mentales disminuyó.

A influência do gene MAOA em desordens mentais do indivíduo / The influence of the MAOA gene on mental disorders of the individual / La influencia del gen MAOA en los trastornos mentales del individuo

Objetivo:Revisar e discorrer sobre os estudos científicos que buscam a associação do polimorfismo do gene MAOA, do tipo uVNTR, com distúrbios mentais em adultos. Método:Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de acordo com o modelo PRISMA. A pesquisa seguiu as etapas de formulação da questão de pesquisa, seleção das bases de dados de busca de referências, definição da estratégia de busca, avaliação da elegibilidade dos estudos, triagem e seleção dos artigos, extração de dados e compilação dos resultados. Resultados:Foram selecionados 12 artigos originais que relataram o polimorfismo do tipo u-VNTR e seus alelos de 2, 3, 3,5, 4 e 5 repetições no gene MAOA, e sua associação com distúrbios psíquicos. Conclusão:O polimorfismo do gene MAOA do tipo uVNTR está relacionado com a funcionalidade da enzima MAOA, aumentando ou diminuindo sua atividade, elevando ou diminuindo os níveis de dopamina, serotonina ou noradrenalina, e essas alterações estão relacionados à diversos distúrbios mentais, como esquizofrenia, depressão, comportamentos agressivos antissociais, ansiedade, transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), transtorno do espectro autista e outros distúrbios relacionados à expressão desses neurotransmissores.

Objective: To review and discuss scientific studies that seek the association of the polymorphism of the MAOA gene, of the uVNTR type, with mental disorders in adults. Method: An integrative review was performed according to the PRISMA model. The research followed the stages of formulation of the research question, selection of reference search databases, definition of the search strategy, evaluation of the eligibility of studies, screening and selection of articles, data extraction and compilation of results. Results:We selected 12 original articles that reported the u-VNTR polymorphism and its alleles of 2, 3, 3.5, 4 and 5 repeats in the MAOA gene, and its association with psychic disorders. Conclusion: The polymorphism of the MAOA gene of the uVNTR type is related to the functionality of the MAOA enzyme, increasing or decreasing its activity, raising or decreasing the levels of dopamine, serotonin or noradrenaline, and these changes are related to several mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, aggressive antisocial behaviors, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder and other disorders related to the expression of these neurotransmitters.

Objetivo: Revisar y discutir estudios científicos que busquen la asociación del polimorfismo del gen MAOA, del tipo uVNTR, con trastornos mentales en adultos. Método:Se realizó una revisión integradora según el modelo PRISMA. La investigación siguió las etapas de formulación de la pregunta de investigación, selección de bases de datos de búsqueda de referencias, definición de la estrategia de búsqueda, evaluación de la elegibilidad de los estudios, selección y selección de artículos, extracción de datos y compilación de resultados. Resultados:Se seleccionaron 12 artículos originales que reportaron el polimorfismo u-VNTR y sus alelos de 2, 3, 3.5, 4 y 5 repeticiones en el gen MAOA, y su asociación con trastornos psíquicos. Conclusión:El polimorfismo del gen MAOA del tipo uVNTR está relacionado con la funcionalidad de la enzima MAOA, aumentando o disminuyendo su actividad, elevando o disminuyendo los niveles de dopamina, serotonina o noradrenalina, y estos cambios están relacionados con varios trastornos mentales, como esquizofrenia, depresión, conductas antisociales agresivas, ansiedad, trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), trastorno del espectro autista y otros trastornos relacionados con la expresión de estos neurotransmisores.

Salud mental intergeneracional / Intergenerational mental health

La salud mental en distintas generaciones relacionadas entre sí es tema de creciente interés general y científico. El propósito de esta revisión narrativa, necesariamente limitada, es actualizar el conocimiento científico existente, para lo cual se ha seleccionado un total de 72 estudios cualificados de investigación. Los resultados muestran pruebas adecuadas de que la información genética heredable va acompañada de marcas epigenéticas. La combinación de modificaciones genéticas y epigenéticas es importante para determinar la diversidad fenotípica de los progenitores y sus descendientes, y también puede generar múltiples estados psicopatológicos. La llamada programación fetal es un delicado proceso adaptativo de crecimiento prenatal que puede presentar interferencias mórbidas. Existen hipótesis sobre los mecanismos epigenéticos por medio de los cuales las experiencias pre y posnatales programan la reactividad del niño ante situaciones de estrés y promueven el desarrollo de fenotipos adaptativos. Los patrones y procesos del distanciamiento intergeneracional entre familias son sumamente complejos, por lo que es difícil puntualizar conclusiones válidas sobre la salud mental entre generaciones vinculadas. Puede afirmarse, sin embargo, que trastornos mentales graves afectan con frecuencia a múltiples generaciones. La información y el conocimiento sobre este fenómeno requieren, sin duda, de numerosas investigaciones de alta calidad.

SUMMARY Mental health in different related generations is a matter of increasing general and scientific interest. The purpose of this narrative review, necessarily limited, is to update the corresponding scientific knowledge, by selecting a total of 72 qualified research studies. The results show appropriate evidence that inheritable genetic information is accompanied by epigenetic marks. The combination of genetic and epigenetic modifications is important to determine the phenotypic diversity of the progenitors and their descendants, and it also may generate multiple psychopathological states. The so-called fetal programming is a delicate adaptive process of prenatal growth that may be morbidly interfered with. There are hypotheses about epigenetic mechanisms through which prenatal and postnatal experiences program the child's reactivity to stress and promote the development of adaptative phenotypes. The intergenerational distancing patterns and processes among families are very complex, so it is difficult to draw valid conclusions about mental health among linked generations. It can be stated, however, that severe mental disorders often affect multiple generations. Information and knowledge about this phenomenon undoubtedly requires abundant high quality research.

Ansiedade em transgêneros acompanhados em um ambulatório de sexualidade maranhense / Anxiety in transgenders accompanied in a maranhão sexuality outpatient clinic / Ansiedad en transgéneros acompañada de una ambulatoria de sexualidad maranhena

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os sintomas ansiosos em indivíduos transexuais atendidos em um ambulatório de gênero e sexualidade. Caracteriza-se como um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa, adotando amostra por conveniência (n=46). Foi realizado nas dependências de um Hospital Universitário Nordestino mediante aplicação do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e formulário sociodemográfico, os dados coletados foram trabalhados no EpiInfo. Os resultados revelaram trans em sua maioria jovens, de cor parda, solteiros, com ensino médio completo, estudantes, residiam com pais e/ou parentes, não religiosos, e metade com vínculo empregatício. A ansiedade leve esteve presente em 21,7% e mínima em 34,8% dos pacientes, enquanto, a moderada em 28,3% e a grave 15,2%. Identificou-se relevância estatística na associação entre ansiedade e idade (p= 0,0072), e de ansiedade com vínculo empregatício (p=0,0039). Portanto, demonstrou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados apresentaram com menor severidade sintomas ansiosos, podendo ter relação com seu maior grau de instrução, presença de suporte social e presença de vínculo de trabalho.

The objective of this study was to evaluate anxious symptoms in transgender individuals attended in an outpatient clinic of gender and sexuality. It is characterized as a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, adopting a sample for convenience (n=46). It was carried out in the premises of a Northeastern University Hospital by applying the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and sociodemographic form, the data collected were worked on at EpiInfo. The results revealed that the majority of them were young, of a brown color, single, with a full high school education, students, resided with parents and/or relatives, non-religious, and half with employment. Mild anxiety was present in 21.7% and minimal in 34.8% of the patients, while moderate in 28.3% and severe in 15.2%. Statistical relevance was identified in the association between anxiety and age (p= 0.0072), and anxiety with employment (p=0.0039). Therefore, it was demonstrated that the majority of the interviewees presented with less severity anxious symptoms, which may have a relationship with their higher degree of education, presence of social support and presence of a work bond.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los síntomas ansiosos en los individuos transgénero atendidos en una clínica ambulatoria de género y sexualidad. Se caracteriza por un enfoque descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, tomando una muestra para su conveniencia (n=46). Se realizó en las instalaciones de un Hospital Universitario del Noreste, aplicando el Inventario de Ansiedad Beck (BAI) y el formulario sociodemográfico, los datos recogidos se trabajaron en EpiInfo. Los resultados revelaron transexuales en la mayoría de los jóvenes, de color marrón, solteros, estudiantes de secundaria, que vivían con padres y/o parientes, no religiosos y la mitad con un vínculo laboral. La ansiedad leve fue del 21,7% y mínima del 34,8% de los pacientes, mientras que la moderada fue del 28,3% y la grave del 15,2%. Se identificó la relevancia estadística en la asociación entre ansiedad y edad (p= 0,0072) y ansiedad con relación al empleo (p=0,0039). Por lo tanto, se demostró que la mayoría de los entrevistados presentaban síntomas menos ansiosos, que podían tener relación con su nivel de educación superior, la presencia de apoyo social y la presencia de un vínculo de trabajo.

Caracterización del trastorno del espectro autista dentro de prisión / Characterisation of autistic spectrum disorder within in prison

Introducción: El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por intolerancia al cambio, déficit en empatía,falsas interpretaciones y desregulación emocional. La sintomatología nuclear determina la comisión de delitos y la posteriorinteracción con el sistema penal, detectándose una presencia significativa en entornos forenses. El objetivo del trabajo esanalizar las características del autismo dentro del contexto penitenciario, resumiendo y actualizando el conocimiento endicho ámbito.Material y método: Revisión sistemática a través de bases de datos sobre aquellos estudios que analizan las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y judiciales, en reclusos con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista.Resultados: Los rasgos autistas constituyen un factor de riesgo independiente para el encarcelamiento. Aquellos internos contrastorno del espectro autista presentan con mayor frecuencia una comorbilidad psiquiátrica, especialmente trastornos por usode sustancias, trastornos psicóticos y otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Asocian mayor probabilidad de pensamientos autolesivos y conductas disruptivas, que no son prevenidas por las herramientas de evaluación de uso frecuente.Discusión: Los reclusos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan un perfil diferencial a nivel sociodemográfico,clínico y delictivo. Debe ofrecerse un abordaje específico para esos internos, diferente respecto al dispuesto para los internosneurotípicos. Hay que adaptar infraestructuras para reducir su fragilidad, flexibilizando el entorno y desarrollando métodosespecíficos para la evaluación y tratamiento. (AU)

Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intolerance of change, empathy deficits, misunderstandings, and emotional dysregulation. Core symptoms can determine criminal behaviour and subsequent interactions with thepenal system. A significant presence of such symptoms is detected in forensic settings. The objective of this study is to analyzethe characteristics of autism within the prison context, summarizing and updating the knowledge in this field.Material and method: Systematic review through databases on studies that analyze the socio-demographic, clinical, and judicial characteristics of prisoners diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Results: Autistic traits constitute an independent risk factor for incarceration. Those inmates with autism spectrum disorderfrequently present a psychiatric comorbidity, especially substance use disorder, psychotic disorders, and other neuro-developmental disorders. They are associated with a greater probability of self-harming thoughts and disruptive behaviours, which arenot predicted by the usual evaluation tools. Discussion: Prisoners with autism spectrum disorder have a differential socio-demographic, clinical, and criminal profile. Aspecific approach that is different from the one provided for neurotypical prisoners should be offered to these inmates. Infrastructures should be adapted to reduce fragility, make the environment more flexible and specific methods for evaluationand treatment should be developed. (AU)