A 3D nano scale IGA for free vibration and buckling analyses of multi-directional FGM nanoshells.

This article explores a three-dimensional solid isogeometric analysis (3D-IGA) approach based on a nonlocal elasticity theory to investigate size effects on natural frequency and critical buckling load for multi-directional functionally graded (FG) nanoshells. The multi-directional FG material uses a power law rule with three power exponent indexes concerning three parametric coordinates. Nanoshell's geometries include the square plate, cylindrical and spherical panels with the side length considered in a nanoscale with various thickness ratios. Because 3D-IGA utilizes an approximation of NURBS basic functions to integrate from geometry modeling to discretized domain, it does not require any hypotheses for deformations distribution and stress component through the plate's thickness. Therefore, the results from the 3D solution are obtained accurately with any thickness ratio of the shells. The numerical solutions are verified by those published in several pieces of literature to determine the current approach's accuracy and reliability. After a convergence solution is examined, a quartic NURBS basic function can yield ultra-converged and high-accurate results with a low computational cost. The findings show the size effect parameters which significantly impact the frequencies and the critical buckling factors of the multi-directional FG nanoshells. Generally, increases in the size effect parameters will cause declines in the frequencies and the critical buckling factors of the nanoshells.

[Expression of signaling pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin in articular cartilage cell induced by interleukin 1ß].

Objective: To observe effect of interleukin(IL)-1ß on the expression of signaling pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) of articular cartilage. Methods: Articular cartilage of rats was isolated under sterile technique, cells were digested by type Ⅱ collagenase and trypsin and cultured in vitro, pre-culture the Ⅱ cells for three days, different concentrations of IL-1ß were added for 24 hours.The cells were stained with toluidine blue and HE, to observe morphological changes of cells.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of typeⅡcollagen gene, aggrecan gene, mTOR gene and P70S6K gene, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of protein related to mTOR. Results: With increasing concentrations of IL-1ß, the phenotype of cells appeared polygon into a spindle, the mRNA expression of gene of type Ⅱ collagen (the control group: 0.821±0.014; 1 ng/ml: 0.614±0.014; 10 ng/ml: 0.549±0.009; 100 ng/ml: 0.520±0.008), aggrecan(0.867±0.005; 0.857±0.001; 0.554±0.008; 0.538±0.004) and mTOR(0.845±0.015; 0.785±0.009; 0.569±0.025; 0.518±0.014) reduced, but P70S6K(0.465±0.024; 0.566±0.022; 0.663±0.022; 0.896±0.015) increased by PCR .Expression of protein detected by Western blotting was similar to the trend of PCR. Conclusion: mTOR signaling pathway may play an important role on the degeneration of articular cartilage, regulating mTOR signaling pathway may provides a new idea of delaying the degeneration process of cells.

Images in clinical medicine: Rhinophyma.

A 42-year-old man presented with impaired nasal breathing and a slowly growing mass on the tip of the nose. Examination revealed a multilobulated sebaceous nodule protruding from the nasal tip.

The effect of the size and shape on the bond number of quantum dots and its relationship with thermodynamic properties.

Through introducing the size (Nt) and the shape factor (λ), the size- and shape-dependent bond number Ba of quantum dots, respectively, with icosahedral, truc-decohedral, cuboctahedral, octahedral, decohedral and tetrahedral structures is established in this work. It is found that Nt and λ have reverse contribution to Ba, that is, Ba increases with increase in Nt, while it decreases with increase in λ. As the basic parameter, the size- and shape-dependent Ba function is extended to predict the cohesive energy Ec(Nt) of quantum dots. Similar to Ba, Ec(Nt) shows strong dependence on both the size and shape. Larger Nt leads to higher Ec(Nt), whereas larger λ results in a smaller Ec(Nt) value. There is a sequence: Ec(IH) > Ec(CO) > Ec(truc-DH) > Ec(OT) > Ec(DH) > Ec(TH) if Nt is certain, which is similar to Ba since Ba(IH) > Ba(CO) > Ba(truc-DH) > Ba(OT) > Ba(DH) > Ba(TH) is tested in the whole size range. To some extent, this is due to λ(IH) = λ(truc-DH) < λ(CO) < λ(OT) < λ(DH) < λ(TH), however, Ba(IH) > Ba(truc-DH) despite λ(IH) = λ(truc-DH). In addition, λ is no longer constant and increases with increase in Nt when the shape is given. The fact that whatever the shape is, Ba or Ec(Nt) increases upon increasing Nt, meaning that the shape is a secondary factor if compared with the size. The validity of the size- and shape-related model for the Ec(Nt) function is also confirmed by the simulation results of the size- and shape-dependent thermodynamic stability of Au, Ag, Cu, Ca, Sr, and Si quantum dots with different atomic structures.

Rapamycin limits the growth of established experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms.

OBJECTIVES: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 4-8% of men older than 60 years. No pharmacologic strategies limit disease progression, aneurysm rupture, or aneurysm-related death. We examined the ability of rapamycin to limit the progression of established experimental AAAs. METHODS: AAAs were created in 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice via the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion method. Beginning 4 days after PPE infusion, mice were treated with rapamycin (5 mg/kg/day) or an equal volume of vehicle for 10 days. AAA progression was monitored by serial ultrasound examination. Aortae were harvested for histological analyses at sacrifice. RESULTS: Three days after PPE infusion, prior to vehicle or rapamycin treatment, aneurysms were enlarging at an equal rate between groups. In the rapamycin group, treatment reduced aortic enlargement by 38%, and 53% at 3 and 10 days, respectively. On histological analysis, medial elastin and smooth muscle cell populations were relatively preserved in the rapamycin group. Rapamycin treatment also reduced mural macrophage density and neoangiogenesis. CONCLUSION: Rapamycin limits the progression of established experimental aneurysms, increasing the translational potential of mechanistic target of rapamycin-related AAA inhibition strategies.

Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Vitamin D's Role in Reducing BPPV Recurrence in Older Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the recurrence rates of BPPV in older adults were lower in the vitamin D-treated group as compared to placebo groups. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blinded randomized control placebo trial. SETTING: A single-centre study. METHODS: Double-blinded randomized controlled trial design with 12 months follow-up. Vitamin D3 deplete participants were randomized into treatment (Group A) or placebo groups (Group B). Treatment group received 13 weeks of 2000 IU vitamin D3 followed by 1000 IU for the next 13 weeks. Patients who were replete were allocated to a control group (Group C) for observation and follow up. All groups had dietary interventions for vitamin D3 and calcium. RESULTS: Results showed an 87% reduction in recurrence rates of BPPV in the treatment group (Group A), with 0.75 fewer clinical episodes per 1 person-year as compared to placebo (Group B). Time to first recurrence was also significantly longer in Group A. There was no statistically significant difference between Group A and C in both recurrence rates and dizziness handicap scores. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical trial has laid the foundation to expand the investigation of vitamin D as standard of care treatment in BPPV patients in future phase IIb and III studies. SUMMARY: A reduction in BPPV episodes in older adults has implications on fall risk, as dizziness from BPPV may cause falls. With fewer BPPV episodes and longer time to recurrence, seniors may have better postural stability and hence reduced risk of falls.

High Prevalence and Broad Distribution of Trichomonas gypaetinii in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the USA.

Trichomonas gypaetinii was detected in 117 (88%) of 133 Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and in 0/7 Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the USA, with no sex or age prevalence difference. All eagles lacked associated lesions. This study indicated that T. gypaetinii is common and widespread in Bald Eagles, but rarely associated with disease.

Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis with reticulated supple scarring: unifying clinical features.

BACKGROUND: Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis (CEVD) healing with reticulated supple scarring, a condition usually observed in premature neonates, presents at birth with vesicles and erosions. Lesions typically heal within a few months, leaving behind scarring with a distinctive supple and reticulated texture. OBJECTIVES: We sought to merge existing literature with new cases to further define CEVD. METHODS: We analyzed 19 previous reports of CEVD and added 9 additional patients; we identified unifying characteristics of this cohort. RESULTS: In 28 total cases, notable features included: preterm birth (79%), nail abnormalities (46%), hyperthermia/hypohidrosis (46%), a history of maternal chorioamnionitis (43%), alopecia (43%), neurodevelopmental and ophthalmologic abnormalities (36% each), tongue atrophy (29%), or a combination of these. Patients with CEVD may be prone to postnatal herpetic superinfections. Previously unreported findings included: erosive lichen planus, digital tip gangrene, and hydronephrosis. LIMITATIONS: The small patient sampling makes it difficult to define diagnostic criteria. As certain findings are associated with prematurity, it is unclear to what extent these features result from CEVD, premature birth, or another intrauterine pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, CEVD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal vesicles/erosions in the context of a negative infectious workup. This review strengthens the spectrum of CEVD features, thus facilitating its recognition by clinicians.

Flexural properties of porcupine quill-inspired sandwich panels.

This paper presents the bending behaviour of the porcupine quill and bioinspired Voronoi sandwich panels, aiming to explore the effect of geometrical design on the bending performance of the inspired structures. Through the x-ray micro-computed tomography, the internal morphology of the quill is explored. The longitudinal cross-section of the porcupine quill revealed a functionally graded design in the foam structure. Based on this observation, Voronoi sandwich panels are designed by incorporating the Voronoi seed distribution strategy and gradient transition design configurations. Porcupine-inspired sandwich panels with various core designs are fabricated via material jetting technique and tested under three-point bending condition. Results show that the sample failed at the bottom face panels for uniform sandwich panels, whereas graded samples failed in the core panel. The bending behaviour developed via simulation software shows a good agreement with the experimental results. The parametric study provides insights into structural designs for engineering applications, particularly in the aerospace and automobile industries.

Identification of direct forkhead box O1 targets involved in palmitate-induced apoptosis in clonal insulin-secreting cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA selection and ligation.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The transcription factor, forkhead box (FOX)O1, is involved in fatty acid-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells, but the precise mechanism is poorly understood. We aimed to identify which direct downstream targets of FOXO1 are involved in palmitate-induced apoptosis in the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6. METHODS: Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to a DNA selection and ligation technique (ChIP-DSL) was used to identify the direct targets of FOXO1. The mRNA level was examined by real-time PCR assay. The ChIP-DSL results were verified using ChIP-PCR and luciferase assay, respectively. The cell apoptosis rate was determined by TUNEL assay and by scoring cells with pycnotic nuclei. RESULTS: We identified 189 target genes and selected 106 targets for expression analysis in MIN6 cells treated with palmitate. The results showed that six genes were significantly upregulated and four were downregulated. Binding of FOXO1 to the promoters was determined by ChIP-PCR and confirmed by luciferase assay. Among the ten up- and downregulated genes, mRNA expression of A930038C07Rik was significantly decreased and that of Ppa1 was increased in 8-week-old db/db mice. The apoptosis assay showed that overproduction of the protein 'RIKEN cDNA A930038C07' (A930038C07Rik) drastically enhanced palmitate-induced apoptosis, while pyrophosphatase (inorganic) 1 (PPA1) partially protected the cells from apoptosis. Knockdown of PPA1, moreover, significantly increased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We identified for the first time FOXO1 targets in MIN6 cells treated with palmitate, thus revealing the important roles of A930038C07Rik and PPA1 in palmitate-induced cell apoptosis. These results shed light on the mechanisms of palmitate-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells.

[Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of early-stage ovarian cancer: A systematic review of the literature]. / Place du ganglion sentinelle dans la prise en charge du cancer de l'ovaire de stade précoce : revue de la littérature.

The initial management of early-stage ovarian cancer consists of staging surgery including pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The use of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure in this setting may decrease the morbidity associated with this surgery. The objective of this review was to evaluate the feasibility of the SLN procedure in ovarian cancer diagnosed at an early stage by comparing the different techniques used and their accuracy. A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles in English or French about the SLN technique in ovarian cancer. Ten studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 179 patients. The main tracers used were Technetium-99m, indocyanine green, and patent blue, and the most common site of injection was the proper ovarian and unfundibulopelvic ligaments. The overall detection rate was 87.7%. Of the small number of cases of lymph node metastasis reported, the SLN procedure had a sensitivity of 90.9% and a negative predictive value of 98.8%. The sentinel node procedure appears to be feasible and safe and could be reliable in determining the lymph node status of patients with early-stage ovarian cancer.

[Epithelial ovarian cancers and minimally invasive cytoreductive surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review]. / Cancers épithéliaux de l'ovaire et chirurgie de cytoréduction par voie mini-invasive après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante : revue systématique de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is associated with high mortality and often managed first with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by debulking surgery. Laparoscopic surgery with or without robotic assistance (Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)) may represent a beneficial option for these patients. The objective of this literature review is to clarify the place of MIS in the management of advanced EOC for selected patients. METHOD: Pubmed, Cochrane and Clinicaltrials.gov online databases were used for this review, to select English or French published articles. RESULTS: We selected 11 original articles published between 2015 and 2020, 6 of which compared MIS and laparotomy. Among these 11 studies, 8 were retrospective cohorts, 2 were phase II trials, and one was a case-control study. In total, there were 3721 patients, of which 854 (23%) were treated with MIS. The robotic assistance was used with 224 patients (26%) of those MIS patients. Looking specifically at MIS patients, the laparoconversion rate was 9.5%, the rate of complete resection (CC-0) was 83.4%. Finally, the MIS complication rate was 1% intraoperatively and 12% postoperatively. The rate of complete resection, postoperative complication, as well as overall survival (OS) were comparable between patients treated with MIS or laparotomy. One study found an improved disease-free survival (DFS) in MIS versus laparotomy (18 months versus 12 months; P=0.027). CONCLUSION: MIS seems feasible, effective, and reliable in comparison to laparotomy for the completion of cytoreductive surgery after NACT without compromising oncological safety. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the role of MIS in advanced EOC.

How to predict para-aortic node involvement in advanced cervical cancer? Development of a predictive score. A FRANCOGYN study.

INTRODUCTION: Node involvement is one of the main prognostic factors for cervical cancer. Para-aortic lymph node (PALN) assessment is crucial for treating advanced cervical cancer, to define irradiation fields. Objective of this study was to develop a score predicting para-aortic lymph node involvement in patients with advanced cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a multicenter, retrospective, study on 9 French centers from 2000 to 2015, including patients with advanced squamous cell cervix carcinoma who had PALN status assessed by imaging and/or by surgery. Factors associated with a risk of PALN involvement were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model. A score was then developed and validated. RESULTS: A total of 1446 patients treated for cervical cancer were included. Of these, 498 had an advanced squamous cell cervical cancer. Ninety-one patients (18.3%) had positive PALN. After univariate and multivariate analysis, tumor size on pelvic MRI, initial SCC, and suspected pelvic node involvement on PET-CT were included in our score. This model allowed the population to be divided into 3 risk groups. Area under the ROC curve of the score was 0.81 (95%CI = 0.72-0.90). In the low-risk group, 9% (28/287) had PALN involvement, whereas in the high-risk group, 43% (22/51) had PALN involvement. CONCLUSION: We developed a simple score predicting PALN involvement in advanced cervical cancers. Three risk groups can be defined, and patients considered to be at low risk may avoid para-aortic staging as well as extensive field irradiation.

Influence of strain and pressure to the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers.

We investigate the phase sensitivity of the fundamental mode of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers to strain and acoustic pressure. A theoretical model is constructed to analyze the effect of axial strain and acoustic pressure on the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode. Simulation shows that, for the commercial HC-1550-02 fiber, the contribution of mode-index variation to the overall phase sensitivities to axial strain and acoustic pressure are respectively approximately -2% and approximately -17%. The calculated normalized phase-sensitivities of the HC-1550-02 fiber to strain and acoustic pressure are respectively 1 epsilon(-1) and -331.6 dB re microPa(-1) without considering mode-index variation, and 0.9797 epsilon(-1) and -333.1 dB re microPa(-1) when mode-index variation is included in the calculation. The latter matches better with the experimentally measured results.

Deep learning for computational structural optimization.

We investigate a novel computational approach to computational structural optimization based on deep learning. After employing algorithms to solve the stiffness formulation of structures, we used their improvement to optimize the structural computation. A standard illustration of 10 bar-truss was revisited to illustrate the mechanism of neural networks and deep learning. Several benchmark problems of 2D and 3D truss structures were used to verify the reliability of the present approach, and its extension to other engineering structures is straightforward. To enhance computational efficiency, a constant sum technique was proposed to generate data for the input of multi-similar variables. Both displacement and stress enforcements were the constraints of the optimized problem. The optimization data for cross sections with the objective function of total weight were then employed in the context of deep learning. The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with Nesterov's accelerated gradient (NAG), root mean square propagation (RMSProp) and adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizers were compared in terms of convergence. In addition, this paper devised Chebyshev polynomials for a new approach to activation functions in single-layer neural networks. As expected, its convergence was quicker than the popular learning functions, especially in a short training with a small number of epochs for tested problems. Finally, a split data technique for linear regression was proposed to deal with some sensitive data.

Neonatal sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii. Classically, infection occurs after implantation of the organism into the skin by abrasion of a puncture wound by contaminated thorns, hay, or sphagnum moss. Cats are also a commonly recognized source of sporotrichosis. In children, fixed cutaneous lesions are more common than lymphocutaneous lesions, and the face is a frequent location for infection. We present a neonate with a fixed cutaneous facial lesion and both pre-auricular and cervical lymphadenopathy who developed signs of infection at 3 weeks of age. This patient is currently the youngest reported case of sporotrichosis in the literature. The patient's family denied any trauma and denied contact with flowers, gardens, and cats; thus, the source of infection remains unknown.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome with associated neutrophilic dermatoses: a report of seven cases and review of the literature.

A growing body of literature has identified the association between neutrophilic dermatoses and multifocal, aseptic bone lesions in children, termed chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Classically, patients present with swelling, pain, and impaired mobility of the affected area, with skin lesions developing concurrently or in the future. Bone biopsy reveals inflammatory changes consistent with infectious osteomyelitis, but cultures and histologic staining invariably fail to identify an infectious source. Patients are refractory to antibiotic therapy, but dramatically respond to systemic steroids and may need to be maintained on low-dose steroids to prevent relapse. Numerous authors have suggested that CRMO and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome lie along the same clinical spectrum. In fact some believe that CRMO is the pediatric presentation of SAPHO. The two syndromes share numerous characteristics, including osteitis, a unifocal or multifocal presentation, hyperostosis, and pustulosis, which all occur in a generally healthy individual. Our seven patients, five of whom were diagnosed with CRMO, and two of whom were diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome further strengthen the idea that CRMO and SAPHO syndrome do indeed lie along the same clinical spectrum. In addition, we include two rare cases of pediatric Sweet's syndrome with evidence of pathergy.

[Endometriosis: Assessment of the Ultrasound-Based Endometriosis Staging System score (UBESS) in predicting surgical difficulty]. / Endométriose : évaluation du score Ultrasound-Based Endometriosis Staging System (UBESS) dans la prédiction de la difficulté chirurgicale.

OBJECTIVES: Surgical management of endometriosis may require different levels of surgical skill which influences the orientation of the patient. The Ultrasound-Based Endometriosis Staging System (UBESS) is a score developed in 2016 to predict the difficulty of surgery. To study the correlation between UBESS score and two main surgical classifications in the literature. METHODS: Study performed at the center of Poissy, France, between July 2016 and December 2017. Patients who underwent prospective UBESS staging then operated of their endometriosis were included. The patients were classified according to the levels of surgical difficulty of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG) and the classification created by Chi et al. The criterion of judgment was the correlation between the UBESS stages and RCOG and CHI levels. In a second analysis, we determined the predictive value of the operative plan for items included in the systematic sonographic evaluation described by Menakaya et al. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included in the study. Correlation was found to be low between UBESS and RCOG (θ=0.22) and between UBESS and CHI (θ=0.30). The prediction of the operative plan was good for endometrioma, sites specific tenderness, sliding sign, vaginal and digestive tract involvement; but modest for the anterior compartment and uterosacrals ligaments. CONCLUSION: In our study on a small number of patients, the UBESS score does not adequately predict the surgical difficulty. Taken separately, the items of systematic sonographic evaluation based on 5 domains successfully predict the operative plan.

[Impact of the quality of ultrasound scan performed in gynecological emergencies in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy]. / Impact de la qualité de l'échographie réalisée aux urgences gynécologiques dans le diagnostic de grossesse extra-utérine.

OBJECTIVES: There are no recommendations on the way emergency ultrasound should be performed but there are Standardized Acute Female Echography (SAFE) planes with quality criteria for ultrasound scoring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the quality of ultrasound on the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 2016-2017 and included all Ectopic Pregnancies (EP). Clinical, biological and ultrasonographic characteristics were collected, in particular the analysis of ultrasound scans according to the scoring score of standardized planes (total score out of 15). EP diagnosed at first ultrasound and those from Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) were compared. RESULTS: Hundred and seventeen patients were included: 45 (38.5%) in the group "EP from PLU" and 72 (61.5%) in the group "EP diagnosed directly". The ultrasound images were significantly better in the "directly diagnosed EP" group than in the "EP from PUL" group: 11.9/15 vs. 10.07/15 respectively (P=0.005). Moreover, in the group "EP from PUL", the images were significantly better on the final ultrasound diagnosing the EP compared to the first ultrasound performed: 11.4/15 vs. 10.07/17 (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of quality of ultrasound scan using a standardized scoring system shows an impact in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies.

In vitro and in vivo reactivity of an internalizing antibody, RS7, with human breast cancer.

RS7, a murine IgG1 antibody raised against human lung carcinoma, possesses pancarcinoma reactivity. The antigen defined by this antibody is present in tumors of the lung, stomach, bladder, breast, ovary, uterus, and prostate. Efficient targeting and therapy by radiolabeled RS7 has been demonstrated previously in animals bearing Calu-3 (an adenocarcinoma of the lung) xenografts. In this study, the efficiency of tumor targeting and the efficacy of therapy of this antibody in nude mice bearing the MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma were evaluated. The tumor:nontumor ratios of RS7 were 1.9-2.1 times higher than those for Ag8 (the control antibody) on day 14, except for the heart. These values were similar to that of RS7 in the Calu-3 xenograft model. Radioimmunotherapy using 250 microCi of 131I-labeled RS7 in animals bearing approximately 0.1 cm3 tumors (approximately 10 days old) caused the disappearance of tumors in 6 of 10 animals at 2 weeks postinjection. Tumors eventually disappeared from all animals, and animals remained tumor-free until the termination of the study (11 weeks of duration), except for one animal that developed a transient reappearance of tumor. The tumors in animals that received an equal dose of 131I-labeled Ag8, or unlabeled RS7 or Ag8, either were unchanged or continued to grow. Treatment that used 275 microCi of 131I-labeled RS7 in animals carrying established tumors (1 month old, approximately 0.2-0.3 cm3) showed that this antibody is effective in controlling the growth of this tumor. Tumors in the treatment group began to disappear between the second and third weeks after the injection of the radiolabeled antibody. Seven of 10 animals remained tumor free at 15 weeks after the injection. Tumors in animals that received an equal dose of control antibody persisted but grew at a slower pace compared to the untreated group. No systemic toxicity was observed.