[Keratoplasty classification and primary disease spectrum analysis of 315 cases].

Objective: To identify the primary disease spectrum and trends of surgical procedure of keratoplasty patients. Methods: Retrospective case series study. To review all patients who underwent keratoplasty at Department of ophthalmology in Tongji Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. The data collected included age, sex, birthplace, and primary corneal disease and associated surgical procedures. Then the data were compared with similar papers domestic and foreign. Results: A total of 315 keratoplasties were performed during this 4-year period. The average age of patients at time of surgery was (42.0± 1.8) years, range from 33 days to 89 years, 229 cases (72.7%) were from 18 to 65 years; male: female ratio was 2.06:1. Totally 289 cases (91.8%)came from Hubei province, 26 cases (8.2%) were from other provinces. The leading indications for corneal transplantation were keratitis in 125 cases (39.7%), followed by corneal scar in 71 cases (22.5%), keratoconus in 41 cases (13.0%), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 26 cases (8.3%), corneal dermoid in 18 cases (5.7%), corneal dystrophy and degeneration in 16 cases (5.1%), and others (including chemical injuries, thermal burns, post-traumatic corneal scar and corneal opacity) in 18 cases (5.7%). Of the 125 keratitis cases, 51 cases (40.8%) were associated with fungus, 43 cases (34.4%)were associated with virus, and 24 cases (19.2%)were associated with bacterial. In accordance with the classification of corneal transplant surgery, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 212 cases (67.3% ), lamellar keratoplasty was completed in 87 cases (27.6% ), corneal endothelial transplantation was made in 16 patients (5.1%). Conclusions: Infectious keratitis was the leading indication for corneal transplantation followed by corneal scar, keratoconus and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in Tongji hospital patients who underwent keratoplasty. And fungus was the first cause of infectious keratitis. Penetrating keratoplasty was still the main part of corneal transplantation. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 460-463).

[Analysis of the effect of different surgical methods on the cavernous hemangioma of the deep orbit].

Objective: To explore the effect of the surgical removal of orbital deep cavernous hemangioma following the concept of minimal surgical invasion. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Sixty-three cases with surgical removal of deep orbital cavernous hemangioma were collected in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2012 to August 2015. There were 29 males and 34 females. The age was from 17 to 69 years with mean age (45±11) years.The surgical methods the conjunctival approach orbital surgery, lateral orbital surgery, medial skin orbital surgery, lateral orbital conjunctiva conjunctival pathway and endoscopic nasal approach were chosen for different cases. The visual acuity, visual field and electrophysiological examination were analyzed before and after operation. Result: Sixty-three patients underwent complete surgically removal of the tumor. Among them, 32 cases were conducted by conjunctival approach, 24 cases had improved visual acuity, 5 cases had no change of visual acuity, 3 cases had decreased visual acuity. Seventeen cases performed with lateral open orbital surgery had improved visual acuity in 11 cases, no change in visual acuity in 3 cases and decreased visual acuity in 3 cases postoperatively. Six cases with approach of the medial orbital surgery had improved visual acuity in 4 cases, no change of visual acuity in 1 case and decreased visual acuity in 1 case postoperatively. Six cases with approach of outside open orbital surgery combined with medial conjunctival pathway had improved visual acuity in 4 cases, no change of visual acuity in 1 case and decreased visual acuity in 1 case postoperatively. Two cases performed with endoscopic nasal approach. One of them had normal visual function and no change after surgery. Another had impaired visual function pre-operatively and it came back to normal postoperatively. Conclusions: With the concept of minimal surgical invasion, the choice of appropriate surgical approach can save patients with the greatest degree of visual function and even improve the visual function of the patients with orbital cavernous hemangioma. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 288-293).

Perioperative management of diabetes in elective patients: a region-wide audit.

BACKGROUND: Ten percent of elective surgical patients have diabetes. These patients demonstrate excess perioperative morbidity and mortality. National guidance on the management of adults with diabetes undergoing surgery was published in 2011. We present a region-wide audit of adherence to this guidance across the North Western Deanery. METHODS: Local teams prospectively collected data according to a locally approved protocol. Pregnant, paediatric and non-elective patients were excluded from this audit. Patient characteristics, type of surgery and aspects of perioperative management were collated and centrally analysed against audit criteria based upon national recommendations. RESULTS: 247 patients with diabetes were identified. HbA1c was recorded in 71% of patients preoperatively; 9% of patients with an abnormal HbA1c were not known by, or referred to, the diabetes team. 17% of patients were admitted the evening preceding surgery. The mean fasting time was 12:20(4) h. Variable rate i.v. insulin infusions (VRIII) were not used when indicated in 11%. Only 8% of patients received the recommended substrate fluid, along with the VRIII (5% glucose in 0.45% saline). Intra-operative capillary blood glucose (CBG) was measured hourly in 56% of patients. Intra-operative CBG was within the acceptable range (4-12 mmol.L(-1)) in 85% of patients. 73% of patients had a CBG measurement performed in recovery. The WHO checklist was used in 95% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: National perioperative guidelines were not adhered to in a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes undergoing elective surgery. This study represents a template for future trainee networks.

The effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on laryngospasm after elective adenotonsillectomy surgery in children.

BACKGROUND: Laryngospasm is the protective reflex of tracheobronchial tree against secretions and hemorrhage. This reflex is more prevalent in adenotonsillectomy in the presence of light anesthesia, which can lead to obstruction of airway, complications, and mortality. Different methods have been studied for preventing this complication; however, none of them could reliably prevent it. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess the effect of magnesium sulfate on laryngospasm and coughing after adenotonsillectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy children with three to 12 years of age and ASA classes I and II, who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy, were recruited in this randomized clinical trial. The study group received 15 mg/kg intravenous magnesium sulfate and the control group received 0.9% normal saline with the same volume, 2 minutes after tracheal intubation via intravenous infusion for 20 minutes. After removing the endotracheal tube in the recovery room, the patients were assessed at minutes zero, 15, and 30in terms of laryngospasm and coughing. The assessment was based on four-point scale of severity of these complications and saturation percentage of arterial oxygen in operating and recovery room. After collecting the data, results were analyzed with the SPSS 16 software anda P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Laryngospasm was not found in the magnesium sulfate group; however, its incidencewas5.7% in the control group. The incidence rates of coughs were 17.1% and 40% in the magnesium sulfate group and in the control group, respectively, which had no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous magnesium sulfate with dose of 15 mg/kg could not prevent laryngospasm and coughing after removal of the endotracheal tube in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy; however, it reduced coughing and laryngospasm in the magnesium sulfate group compared with the control group.

Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma on the face

Abstract: Leiomyosarcoma is a rare skin tumor, most common in white men in the fifth to eighth decades of life. Primary tumors are classified in dermal or subcutaneous, that differ by clinical and prognostic features. They may appear on any site of the body, but are rare on the face. A 54-year-old female was admitted with a 5cm exophytic nodular lesion of 8 months duration on the right cheek, site of previous chronic radiodermatitis. Histopathology revealed spindle-shaped cell neoplasia, positive for smooth muscle actin on immunohistochemistry. Cutaneous leiomyosarcomas on the face are rare and may occur in previously irradiated areas. Immunohistochemistry is mandatory for an accurate diagnosis. Its similarity with other tumors may complicate the diagnosis, with delay expansion of the tumor.

Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva: diagnosis and treatment

Abstract: Vulvar cancer accounts for less than 1% of malignancies in women. Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva is a rare histological variation, comprising less than 1% of vulvar cancer cases. Although it is characterized as being locally invasive, the condition is not associated with metastatic spreading. Lesions present in the form of a verrucous, ulcerated, and bleeding tumor that can reach large dimensions. This type of tumor can be mistaken for condylomata, both macroscopically and microscopically. We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with a large vulvar tumor presented for eight years, initially considered as a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor. The patient underwent radical vulvectomy with a V-Y advancement flap technique. This type of tumor should be considered by clinicians dealing with condylomatous ulcerative lesions that do not respond to the usual treatment.

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in nonagenarians--beyond limits?

Herein, we report a single institution's experience with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in nonagenarians, over a 4-year period of time. We performed a retrospective study of cases, in which we documented patient demographics, symptoms, physical findings, surgical interventions, complications, and deaths. The survivors answered a questionnaire. Endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair was performed in 4 male nonagenarians (age range, 90-92 yr): 2 underwent repair of asymptomatic aneurysm and 2 underwent repair of symptomatic aneurysm. There was no in-hospital death, and patients were discharged after a median time of 11 days. Both patients with symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm died within 30 days, 1 of an occluded left femoral artery and the other of unknown cause. After follow-ups of 6 and 54 months, both survivors were in good physical condition and patient satisfaction appeared to be very high. We have shown that elective endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair in a small, selected group of nonagenarians was feasible and afforded acceptable short-term survival. In patients with symptomatic disease, however, the early postprocedural mortality rate appears to be high. Decision-making should focus chiefly on comorbidities, on subjective issues such as fear of rupture, and on ethical and financial considerations.

Ocorrência de úlcera por pressão em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas / Occurrence of pressure ulcers in patients undergoing elective surgeries

OBJETIVO: Identificar a ocorrência de úlcera por pressão em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas de porte II, III e IV. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento de pesquisa não experimental, tipo descritivo e prospectivo. A amostra foi composta por 148 pacientes adultos, de ambos os gêneros, submetidos à cirurgia eletiva, conforme os critérios de seleção determinados previamente. RESULTADOS: Da amostra avaliada, 108 pacientes receberam alta hospitalar, três faleceram e 37 desenvolveram úlceras por pressão. Esses pacientes apresentaram 44 lesões, sendo a maioria diagnosticada de estágio II (56,8%), seguida por lesões de estágio I (40,9%) e estágio III (2,3%). As áreas corporais mais acometidas foram a região sacro/glútea (68,2%), calcâneos (18,1%), região dorsal (9%) e o pavilhão auricular (4,6%). CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de úlcera por pressão foi de 25% indicando a necessidade de implementação de intervenções efetivas para a prevenção desse evento adverso no perioperatório.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the occurrence of stages II, III and IV pressure ulcers in patients undergoing elective surgery. METHODS: A quantitative approach, with non-experimental research design, of a descriptive and prospective type. The sample consisted of 148 adult patients of both genders, undergoing elective surgery, according to predetermined selection criteria. RESULTS: Of the sample evaluated, 108 patients were discharged from hospital, three patients died and 37 developed pressure ulcers. These patients presented 44 lesions, the majority of which were diagnosed as stage II (56.8%), followed by stage I (40.9%) and stage III (2.3%) lesions. The body areas most affected were the sacral / gluteal region (68.2%), the heels (18.1%), dorsal region (9%) and the external ear (4.6%). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of pressure ulcers was 25%, indicating the need for implementation of effective interventions for the prevention of these adverse events in the perioperative period.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la ocurrencia de úlcera por presión en pacientes sometidos a cirugías electivas de porte II, III y IV. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, con delineamiento de investigación no experimental, tipo descriptivo y prospectivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 148 pacientes adultos, de ambos géneros, sometidos a la cirugía electiva, conforme los criterios de selección determinados previamente. RESULTADOS: De la muestra evaluada, 108 pacientes recibieron alta hospitalaria, tres fallecieron y 37 desarrollaron úlceras por presión. Esos pacientes presentaron 44 lesiones, siendo la mayoría diagnosticada de estadío II (56,8%), seguida por lesiones de estadío I (40,9%) y estadío III (2,3%). Las áreas corporales más afectadas fueron la región sacro/glútea (68,2%), calcáneos (18,1%), región dorsal (9%) y el pabellón auricular (4,6%). CONCLUSIÓN: La ocurrencia de úlcera por presión fue del 25% indicando la necesidad de implementación de intervenciones efectivas para la prevención de ese evento adverso en el perioperatorio.

Cancelamento de cirurgias de catarata em um hospital público de referência / Cancellation of cataract surgery in a public hospital

OBJETIVO: Analisar a incidência e causas de cancelamento de cirurgias de catarata em um hospital público de referência. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisados o número de cancelamentos de facectomias durante o ano de 2009. Foram analisados sexo, idade, tipo de procedimento suspenso (facoemulsificação ou extração extracapsular do cristalino), tipo de anestesia, convênio (Sistema Único de Saúde ou convênio/particular) e motivo de suspensão da cirurgia (causas clínicas, institucionais ou pessoais). RESULTADOS: Foram agendadas no período 2.965 cirurgias de catarata, havendo 650 cancelamentos (21,92%). Dentre as principais razões para a suspensão do procedimento destacaram-se as causas clínicas (86,90%). Os meses de inverno apresentaram os maiores índices de suspensão de cirurgias de catarata. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de cancelamento de cirurgia de catarata em serviços públicos parece ser a mesma que há 10 anos. A principal causa de suspensão deve-se por condições clínicas (hipertensão, diabetes, falta de exames, etc.).

PURPOSE: To report the incidence and causes of cataract surgery cancellations in a public hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective study, which examined the number of cancellations of cataract surgery during 2009. We analyzed the type of procedure suspended (phacoemulsification or extracapsular extraction), type of anesthesia, gender, age, covenant (public/private) and the main reasons for suspension of the surgeries (clinical causes, institutional or personal). RESULTS: We analyzed 2,965 scheduled cataract surgeries, with 650 cancellations (21.92%). The main reason for the suspension of the procedure was clinical causes (86.90%). The winter months had the highest suspension rates of cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: The cancellation rate of cataract surgery in Brazilian public system seems to be the same as 10 years ago. The main cause of the suspension should be in clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, lack of exams, etc.).

Determinantes para suspensões cirúrgicas em um hospital universitário / Reasons for cancelling surgery at a university hospital / Factores determinantes para la suspensión de cirugías en un hospital universitario

Este é um estudo documental, retrospectivo e de natureza quantitativa, que trata dos determinantes para as suspensões cirúrgicas eletivas em um centro cirúrgico de um hospital universitário do município do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo foi identificar o quantitativo de cirurgias eletivas suspensas em um recorte temporal de nove meses, considerando e analisando determinantes sobre as implicações emocionais, físicas e sociais para clientes, familiares e instituição. O resultado da investigação apontou que 27,4% das cirurgias suspensas tiveram como fator determinante as relações entre os clientes e a instituição. Além disso, a falta de condições clínicas (24,5%), o não comparecimento para internação (8,3%), a falta de material (10,3%) e o adiantado da hora (12%) foram citados como fatores que interferem no processo que culmina numa cirurgia. Parece evidente que alguns determinantes para os cancelamentos cirúrgicos podem e devem ser controlados e restringidos, o que leva à recomendação de um sistemático procedimento de conscientização de todos os envolvidos no processo, a fim de que se alcance a diminuição dos índices de suspensão cirúrgica na instituição em questão.

This is a documentary, retrospective and quantitative study that aims to determine the reasons for cancelling elective surgery at a University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro. It aims to identify the number of elective surgeries cancelled in a periodof nine months, considering emotional, physical and social implications for the clients, family and institution. The most frequent reason for cancelling a surgery was the relationship between customer and institution (27.4%). Lack of clinical conditions (24.5%), no show at the hospital (8.3%), lack of material (10.3%) and late hours (12%) were also mentioned as factors that interfere with the surgery. Apparently, some reasons could and should be controlled and restricted, leading to the recommendation of a systematic process of awareness in order to diminish surgical cancellation rates in this hospital.

El presente estudio es documental, retrospectivo y cuantitativo y enfoca los factores determinantes para la suspensión de cirugías electivas en el quirófano de un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro. Su objetivo era determinar el número de cirugías electivas suspendidas durante un recorte de tiempo de nueve meses, teniendo en cuenta y analizando determinantes de las repercusiones emocionales, físicas y sociales en los clientes, la familia y la institución. El resultadode la investigación mostró que en 27,4% de las cirugías el factor determinante para su suspensión fue la relación entre el cliente y la institución. Además, la falta de condiciones clínicas (24,5%), el no presentarse para la internación (8,3%), la falta de material (10,3%) y la hora avanzada (12%) fueron citados como factores que interfieren en el proceso que culmina con la cirugía. Es evidente que algunos de los factores determinantes de la cancelación de cirugías pueden y deben ser...

Exames pré-operatórios nas cirurgias ginecológicas eletivas / Preoperative exams in elective gynecological surgeries

A solicitação rotineira e sem critérios de exames complementares em pacientesno período pré-operatório não deve ser realizada. A avaliação médica completa com abrangente anamnese eexame clínico permitem ao médico o julgamento dos exames realmente necessários. Quanto mais exames foremsolicitados, maior a chance de serem encontradas alterações nos resultados. Novas consultas, novos exames,atraso no procedimento cirúrgico e aumento do custo são as principais consequências de exame anormal semindicação de realização. Algumas entidades médicas formularam guidelines baseados no porte da cirurgia eno estado clínico da paciente, que servem de apoio para decisão de quais exames são fundamentais. Porém,cada instituição deve possuir seu próprio modelo de avaliação destes pacientes, otimizando o pré-operatório e,indiretamente, reduzindo os custos cada vez maiores dos sistemas de saúde.

The routine and criterionless solicitation of exams for patients in thepreoperative period should not be done. The complete clinical examination with anamnesis and physical examinationallows to the physician the judgment of the real necessary exams. The chances of finding alterations in tests arehigher as numerous exams are solicited. New medical consultations, new laboratory tests, delay in the surgicalprocedure and increase in the costs are the main consequences of an abnormal exam without medical indication.Some medical associations established guidelines according to the grade of the surgery and conditions of thepatient in order to support the decision of which exams are fundamental. However, each institution shouldestablish a model of assessment of these patients, which could optimize the preoperative period and, indirectly,reduce the increasing costs of health insurances.