Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines and persistence of disease in disadvantaged populations. The Haemophilus Influenzae Study Group.
Am J Public Health
; 89(3): 364-8, 1999 Mar.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-10076486
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines among children aged 2 to 18 months and to determine risk factors for invasive Hib disease during a period of declining incidence (1991-1994).METHODS:
A prospective population-based case-control study was conducted in a multistate US population of 15.5 million. A laboratory-based active surveillance system was used for case detection.RESULTS:
In a multivariate analysis, having a single-parent mother (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 14.8) and household crowding (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.03, 11.7) were risk factors for Hib disease independent of vaccination status. After adjustment for these risk factors, the protective efficacy of 2 or more Hib vaccine doses was 86% (95% CI = 16%, 98%). Among undervaccinated subjects, living with a smoker (P = .02) and several indicators of lower socioeconomic status were risk factors for Hib disease.CONCLUSIONS:
Hib disease still occurs at low levels in the United States, predominantly in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Low immunization coverage may facilitate continuing transmission of Hib. Special efforts to achieve complete and timely immunization in disadvantaged populations are needed.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Pobreza
/
Vacunas contra Haemophilus
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Haemophilus influenzae tipo b
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Infecciones por Haemophilus
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
/
Screening_studies
Límite:
Female
/
Humans
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Infant
/
Male
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Public Health
Año:
1999
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos