[Evidence of the impact of vitamin A supplementation on maternal and child health]. / Evidências do impacto da suplementação de vitamina A no grupo materno-infantil.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article was to collect the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated the effect of vitamin A supplementation on child growth and maternal, fetal, and child morbidity and mortality. A detailed search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PAHO, CAPES, USP Digital Thesis Library, and UNIFESP Collection Database. A total of 14 studies published from 1993 to 2006 were included in the review. There is evidence that vitamin A supplementation in children is associated with a reduction of 23% to 30% in mortality risk and attenuation in the severity of measles and diarrhea. There is no evidence of the intervention's impact on pneumonia incidence or mortality in children without measles. Vitamin A also appears to be protective in children and pregnant women with HIV/AIDS, with a positive effect on child morbidity and mortality and birth weight. There is no evidence that supplementation in pregnant and lactating women reduces infant morbidity and mortality, but there is an indication that vitamin A protects against maternal morbidity.